Panca Dewi Manu Hara Karti

In vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of king grass (Pennisetum hybrid) added by organic mineral and natural crude tannin

ABSTRACT This research was conducted to compare kinetics of gas production, methane emission, and in vitro digestibility between organic mineral (OM) and inorganic mineral (IM) in king grass (Pennisetum hybrid), in combination with natural crude tannin from neem (Azadirachta indica, AI) leaves. Treatments were as follows: T0 (king grass as a control), T1 (T0 + 3% IM), T2 (T0 + 3% OM), T3 (T0 + 2% AI), T4 (T0 + 3% IM + 2% AI), T5 (T0 + 3% OM + 2% AI), and T6 (T0 + 40 ppm monensin), and these were arranged on a completely randomized design. Data were analysed using ANOVA and orthogonal contrast test was used for comparing among treatment means. Results showed that either OM or IM supplementation significantly increased (P < .05) gas production. Total gas productions from T0, T3, T5, and T6 were lower than those of T1, T2, and T4. Total VFA, acetate, and propionate were similar in all treatments; however butyrate concentration was higher in T2 and T4 than the others. In vitro organic matter digestibility, protozoa cells number, and ammonia and methane concentrations were not influenced (P > .05) by treatments. In summary, either OM or IM improved fermentability of king grass while their combination with tannin-containing leaves reduced the fermentability without affecting methane production.

Growth respone, production and quality of grass resulted from addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and humic acid on acid soil with high aluminium content

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help plant to uptake of low P availability in acid soils because of the ability of AMF to adapt from acid soil. Humic acid plays a role in adsorption metals such as Al. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of addition of AMF and humic acid to acid soils on growth, yield and quality of grass. A complete randomized design with factorial pattern was applied to two types of grasses, namely: Setaria splendida (Al-tolerance) and Chloris gayana (Al-sensitive). The first factor is the addition of AMF, which consists of two levels, namely: -AMF = without AMF. +AMF = with AMF. The second factor was the addition of humic acid which consists of four levels, namely: Ho = without humic acid, H 60 = 60 ppm humic acid usage, H 120 = 120 ppm humic acid usage and H 180 = 180 ppm humic acid usage. Variables measured were dry matter production of shoot and roots, uptake of P and N, the production of phosphatase, root infection, the number of spores. AMF and humic acid augmentation on Setaria splendida did not affect on growth and production, but they improved the uptake of P and N total. AMF augmentation enhanced growth, yield and quality of the Chloris gayana . The use of 180 ppm of humic acid could improve the quality of Setaria splendida and Chloris gayana . Key Words: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Humic Acid, Acid Soil, Setaria splendida , Chloris gayana