Patrícia Leal Dantas Lobo

Dose-response evaluation of a novel essential oil against Mutans streptococci in vivo

Research has demonstrated the need for identifying a novel antimicrobial agent for topical use in the pediatric dental population. The essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. (LSO) has been described as having favorable biological properties, and a broad in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial spectrum against bacteria and yeast infections. Our aim was to determine a dose and formulation of LSO, acceptable for clinical testing in a pediatric population with dental caries. Thirty-seven 6-12-year old children were selected to participate in this study, and randomly allocated to receive different concentrations of either a gel (0.8%, 1%, 1.2% and 1.4%) or a mouth rinse (0.6%, 0.8%, 1% and 1.2%) formulation. The highest percentage MS reduction was observed with 0.8% mouth rinse and 1.4% gel. The efficacy of these concentrations was compared with a Thy-Car mixture formulated as a mouth rinse and gel treatments in 11 children. Saliva was collected after a single application of the antimicrobial treatment to establish effectiveness against MS. Both rinse (p<0.001) and gel (p=0.02) formulations produced significant MS reduction. Mouth rinse concentrations above 0.8% were associated with a transient intra-oral burning sensation. In conclusion, mouth rinse and gel LSO formulations demonstrated effectiveness against MS and good acceptance among children. We suggest future randomized clinical trials to test its effectiveness against early childhood caries.

Sodium fluoride and chlorhexidine effect in the inhibition of mutans streptococci in children with dental caries: a randomized, double‐blind clinical trial

OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the effect of sodium fluoride and chlorhexidine on salivary levels of mutans streptococci (MS), in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. METHODS Thirty-five healthy volunteers, aged 4-8 years, with at least one active carious lesion and no previous history of allergies were selected to participate in the study. A gel formulation containing either 1.23% sodium fluoride or 1% chlorhexidine was topically administered to the dentition every 24 h for 6 consecutive days. Salivary MS levels were measured at baseline (D1) and on the 6th (D6), 15th (D15), and 30th (D30) days. For microbiological analysis, Mitis Salivarius-Bacitracin agar medium was used. RESULTS Difference between treatments was only verified on D6. On the last day of treatment 1% chlorhexidine gel was significantly more effective than fluoride (P = 0.0000). The use of sodium fluoride did not cause a statistically significant variation in salivary MS levels throughout the duration of the study. Following treatment, a subsequent increase in MS counts between D6 and D15 (P = 0.0001) was observed with chlorhexidine. CONCLUSION A 6-day treatment with a 1% chlorhexidine gel was effective in reducing salivary MS; there was a significant MS increase once treatment was suspended. The use of 1.23% sodium fluoride under the same regimen was not able to reduce salivary MS levels. Our results suggest repeated treatment with 1% chlorhexidine as a means for maintaining low salivary MS levels in children with dental caries.

The efficacy of three formulations of Lippia sidoides Cham. essential oil in the reduction of salivary Streptococcus mutans in children with caries: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study.

Essential oils of many plants have been previously tested in the treatment of oral diseases and other infections. This study was a randomized, double-blind, in parallel with an active control study, which aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three formulations of the Lippia sidoides Cham. essential oil (LSO) in the reduction of salivary Streptococcus mutans in children with caries. 81 volunteers, aged 6-12 years, both genders, with caries, were recruited to participate in this study, and randomly assigned to either one of five different groups. Each group received topical treatment with either 1.4% LSO toothpaste, 1.4% LSO gel, 0.8% LSO mouthwash, 1% chlorhexidine gel, or 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A 5-ml volume of each gel was placed inside disposable trays, and applied for 1 min, every 24h, for 5 consecutive days. The mouthwash groups used 5-ml volume of a mouthwash inside disposable syringes. In the toothpaste group, children brushed their teeth for 1 min, once a day for 5 days. Saliva was collected before and after treatment. MS colonies were counted, isolated and confirmed through biochemical tests. Differences in MS levels measured in different days within the same treatment group was only verified with LSO toothpaste, chlorhexidine gel and chlorhexidine mouthwash. Comparison between groups of LSO mouthwash, toothpaste and gel showed that the toothpaste group expressed significantly lower MS levels than the mouthwash and gel groups at day-30. Chlorhexidine significantly reduced MS levels after 5 days of treatment, but these levels returned to baseline in other periods of the study. LSO toothpaste reduced MS levels after 5 days of treatment, and MS levels remained low and did not return to baseline during subsequent analysis. Hence, LSO toothpaste demonstrated the most long-lasting MS reduction in saliva, whereas other LSO formulations did not effectively reduce MS levels in children with dental caries.

Êxtase (MDMA): efeitos farmacológicos e tóxicos, mecanismo de ação e abordagem clínica

CONTEXTO: O 3,4-metilenodioximetanfetamina (MDMA, extase) e um derivado da anfetamina, cujo consumo por jovens tem aumentado. OBJETIVOS: Conduzir uma revisao de literatura sobre os aspectos farmacologicos e fisiopatologicos do MDMA, incluindo o mecanismo de acao que possa explicar os efeitos neurotoxicos e a toxicidade aguda e a longo prazo. METODOS: Revisao da literatura usando as palavras-chave: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy, neurotoxicity, intoxication, drug abuse, por intermedio do MEDLINE e LILACS. A busca incluiu todos os artigos publicados no periodo entre 1985 e 2007. RESULTADOS: Ainda existem muitas questoes sem respostas sobre a farmacologia do extase e a fisiopatologia dos efeitos toxicos dessa substância. A simples descricao do mecanismo de acao e insuficiente para explicar todos os efeitos induzidos pelo extase. O mecanismo exato responsavel por mediar os efeitos toxicos do MDMA sobre os neuronios da serotonina precisa ser elucidado. CONCLUSOES: Existem poucas informacoes na literatura sobre a farmacologia e o mecanismo de acao do MDMA que possam explicar os efeitos neurotoxicos e outros efeitos fisiopatologicos. Sao necessarios mais estudos para que o profissional de saude possa obter informacoes e conhecimentos a fim de combater os efeitos terriveis do extase na populacao jovem vulneravel.CONTEXTO: O 3,4-metilenodioximetanfetamina (MDMA, extase) e um derivado da anfetamina, cujo consumo por jovens tem aumentado. OBJETIVOS: Conduzir uma revisao de literatura sobre os aspectos farmacologicos e fisiopatologicos do MDMA, incluindo o mecanismo de acao que possa explicar os efeitos neurotoxicos e a toxicidade aguda e a longo prazo. METODOS: Revisao da literatura usando as palavras-chave: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy, neurotoxicity, intoxication, drug abuse, por intermedio do MEDLINE e LILACS. A busca incluiu todos os artigos publicados no periodo entre 1985 e 2007. RESULTADOS: Ainda existem muitas questoes sem respostas sobre a farmacologia do extase e a fisiopatologia dos efeitos toxicos dessa substância. A simples descricao do mecanismo de acao e insuficiente para explicar todos os efeitos induzidos pelo extase. O mecanismo exato responsavel por mediar os efeitos toxicos do MDMA sobre os neuronios da serotonina precisa ser elucidado. CONCLUSOES: Existem poucas informacoes na literatura sobre a farmacologia e o mecanismo de acao do MDMA que possam explicar os efeitos neurotoxicos e outros efeitos fisiopatologicos. Sao necessarios mais estudos para que o profissional de saude possa obter informacoes e conhecimentos a fim de combater os efeitos terriveis do extase na populacao jovem vulneravel.

Prevalence Of Maxillary Sinus Jaw Mucuous Cysts In University Dental Radiology Service

Background: Mucosal cyst of the maxillary sinus or antral pseudocyst is one of great importance injury, being the pathology that affects more the maxillary sinus. Their discovery, in most cases, it is for the interpretation of the images in routine panoramic radiography. Aims: The research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of mucous cyst in maxillary sinus in radiology clinic at Ceara Federal University. Material and Methods: To this study conduction, were analyzed 1996 panoramic radiographs from a digital file obtained between April 2011 to April 2013 Results:. Aspects as gender, affected side and teeth absence next to the cyst in the respective quadrant were evaluated.It was observed in the sample the occurrence of 45 patients with suggested images of mucous cysts in maxillary sinus,making a prevalence of 2,25%. From them, 26 (57,8%)were female and 19 (42,2%) were male. 48 maxillary sinuswere affected with the wound, from which28 (58,3%) it was in the left side and 20 (41,7%) in the right site. Three patients presented the wound in both sides, what represents 6,7% of the affected patients. From those 48 Mucous retention cyst, 40 (83,3%) were not related to an edentulous area in ipsilateral quadrant and 8 (16,7%) were shown next to an edentulous area. Conclusion: The conclusion was that the cyst of retention mucous in the maxillary sinus had prevalence in males and in the left side of the maxillary sinus. It was not found a relation between the cyst and the edentulous area.

Bioavailability of Different formulations of metformin hydrochloride in healthy volunteers : a comparative study

RODRIGUES NETO, Edilson Martins et al. Bioavailability of different formulations of metformin hydrochloride in healthy volunteers : a comparative study. International Archives of Medicine, v. 9, n. 300, p. 1-9, nov. 2016.