Patrícia Vasconcelos Leitão Moreira

Prevalência e preditores antropométricos de pressão arterial elevada em escolares de João Pessoa - PB

FUNDAMENTO: A hipertensao arterial pertence ao grupo de doencas cardiovasculares de maior mortalidade no mundo e pode se iniciar na infância. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalencia de niveis pressoricos elevados em criancas da rede publica de ensino e sua associacao com indicadores antropometricos. METODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, composto por uma amostra aleatoria de 750 escolares, entre 6-9 anos de idade, da rede de ensino municipal de Joao Pessoa, Paraiba. Os dados foram coletados por uma equipe previamente treinada. A pressao foi aferida com tecnica auscultatoria com auxilio de estetoscopio e esfigmomanometro aneroide. Os dados antropometricos coletados foram as medidas do peso, da estatura e da circunferencia abdominal. Foram feitos testes de associacao qui-quadrado e t de Student para comparacoes de medias, ambos com nivel de significância de 5,0%. Foram construidos tres modelos de regressao logistica, relacionando nivel pressorico elevado com as variaveis antropometricas para encontrar um melhor modelo de predicao. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia de niveis pressoricos elevados foi de 13,6%. A variavel indice de massa corporal (IMC) apresentou associacao significativa com o aumento da pressao arterial (p < 0,0001) e a maior razao de chances (OR = 1,17). A elevacao dos niveis pressoricos tambem ocorreu com o aumento do peso (p < 0,0001) e da circunferencia abdominal (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSAO: A associacao do excesso de peso com a elevacao da pressao arterial identificada destaca a necessidade de intervencao e medidas de controle do estado nutricional, como educacao alimentar, para prevencao e tratamento da obesidade como fator de risco das doencas cardiovasculares na faixa etaria pediatrica e futura. (Arq Bras Cardiol 2010; 95(5): 629-634)

Prevalência de cárie em adolescentes de escolas públicas e privadas na cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of cavities among adolescents in public and private schools in Joao Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil, comparing the DMFT in terms of gender and age, as well as education levels and quality among mothers in these two types of schools. The sample consisted of 3,330 adolescents between twelve and fifteen years old: 1,665 attending public schools and 1,665 attending private schools. The DMFT was evaluated by the WHO criteria (1997), using the Kappa (0.92) intra-examiner agreement for cavity diagnoses and the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical analyses. The prevalence of cavities in public schools was 51.6%, compared to 9.3% in private schools. The DMFT for girls was 4.79 and 3.46 for boys in public schools (p<0.0001) and 2.11 and 1.65 (p=0.0007) in private schools. At the age of 12 years, the DMFT was 3.37 in public schools and 1.35 in private schools, while for the age of 15 it was 5.65 and 2.88 for each type of school. Among children whose mothers graduated from high school, the average DMFT was 4.21 in public schools and 1.81 in private schools. The prevalence of cavities was higher among girls in public schools, increasing with age and decreasing with higher education levels among mothers.

Estudo toxicológico pré-clínico agudo com o extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas de Cissus sicyoides L. (Vitaceae)

The aim of the study was to carry through pre-clinical toxicological assay to analyze the toxicity of the plant. In the inquiry of the LD50 groups of male Swiss rats (n = 10) were given orally 5.0 g/kg, and 2.0 g/kg intraperitoneally, of the water fraction of the leaves (WFL) of Cissus sicyoides L. Blood was removed through brachial plexus after seven days, for laboratory analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters. In the anatomopathological study, the animals had been examined macro and microscopically, with dissection of lung, heart, liver and kidneys. For analysis of the data techniques of descriptive and inferencial statistics had been used. In the evaluation of the hematological and biochemical parameters of the Swiss rats, alterations in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (FAL) had been detected, characterizing the demonstrated hepatic alterations in the histopathological study. In the histological evaluation of the ratss liver, submitted to the poisoning, reactionary hepatitis with chronic linfocity portite was proven and to lobular multifocal, hiperplasia kupferiana, focal collapses of the reticular tram, absence of fibrosis, absences of cellular atipias and reactionary subcapsulite. The acute pre-clinical toxicological study demonstrated hepatic alterations in rats.

Risk and protection factors for self-reported hypertension and diabetes in João Pessoa, Brazil. The VIGITEL survey, 2014. A cross-sectional study.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Chronic diseases are the main cause of death among adults and are responsible for most outpatient and hospital care expenses in Brazil. The objective here was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and to analyze the associations with risk and protection factors among adults. DESIGN AND LOCAL Cross-sectional study in a state capital in northeastern Brazil. METHODS Data on adults of both sexes aged ≥ 45 years who were interviewed in the Vigitel telephone survey in 2014 were analyzed. Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression, to identify associated factors. RESULTS Among women, the prevalence of hypertension was 48.4% and of diabetes, 12.7%; among men, the prevalences were 41.9% and 13.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that for women, age group ≥ 65 years, overweight, self-assessed poor health and dyslipidemia remained associated with higher prevalence of hypertension. For men, overweight and self-assessed poor health remained associated with higher prevalence of hypertension. Regarding diabetes, in the multivariate model for women, age group 55-64 years, schooling level between zero and four years and no regular consumption of beans remained associated with higher prevalence. For men, age groups 55-64 years and ≥ 65 years and being married or in a stable partnership were associated with higher prevalence of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the prevalences of hypertension and diabetes were high and that preventable factors were associated with this situation, thus providing support for public policies aimed towards coping with this.

POLÍTICAS E PROGRAMAS DE ALIMENTAÇÃO E NUTRIÇÃO: UM PASSEIO PELA HISTÓRIA

Objective: This study aims to bring a review of the development of policies and programs for food and nutrition. Material and Methods: Searches for original articles were conducted in the databases Medline and LILACS. Also, we carried out searches in websites linked to official government bodies (Ministry of Health and Development, Ministry of Social Development and Fight against Hunger) and documents of the Institute for Applied Economic Research and of the Brazilian Institute of Social and Economic Analysis. The publication period from 1995 to 2013 was selected, comprising 27 published articles. Results: This article reports the development of policies and programs for food and nutrition in Brazil, since Josue de Castro until the emergence of the Bolsa Familia Program, demonstrating how it has evolved, characteristics of the program and its future perspectives. Conclusion: The format of the development of policies and programs for food and nutrition explains what is currently seen in the Bolsa Familia program, because it allows to better understand the current operation of the program and reflects what can still be seen and done to reach its real goals. DESCRIPTORS Nutrition Programs and Policies, Nutrition Programs, Public Policies.