Patrick Breun

National Integrated Assessment Modelling zur Bewertung umweltpolitischer Instrumente : Entwicklung des otello-Modellsystems und dessen Anwendung auf die Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Auf internationaler Ebene wurden Ziele zur Minderung von Luftschadstoff- und klimarelevanten Emissionen vereinbart, deren Umsetzung den jeweiligen Unterzeichnerstaaten obliegt. Hierzu existieren zahlreiche umweltpolitische Instrumente, deren Effektivitat und Effizienz jedoch schwer abschatzbar sind. Daher ist es das Anliegen des im vorliegenden Buch beschriebenen otello-Modellsystems, solche politischen Instrumente in ihren okologischen und okonomischen Wirkungsmechanismen zu bewerten.

An Actor-Oriented Approach to Evaluate Climate Policies with Regard to Resource Intensive Industries

Metal production is responsible for a large part of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Germany. While some political stakeholders call for a more restrictive climate policy to force further reductions of GHG emissions, the exceptions made for the metal industry increased so far to guarantee its global competitiveness. The question rises how a more restrictive climate policy would affect industrial GHG emissions and the profitability. To estimate the impact of political instruments the actor-oriented approach presented focuses on the simulation of plant-specific investment decisions. First, a detailed database of the internal material and energy flows of all relevant iron, steel and aluminium producing plants together with the best available techniques (BAT) for GHG emission reduction is developed. In the subsequent simulation, the plants, modelled as actors, decide on the implementation of these techniques dependent on the political conditions which are varied in scenarios. The results show, that there are only minor GHG emission reduction potentials due to already implemented high efficiency standards. Nevertheless, more restrictive climate policies can lead to significant cost increases influencing global competitiveness.

Deployment and Relocation of Semi-mobile Facilities in a Thermal Power Plant Supply Chain

Co-firing of biomass in coal-fired power plants is considered one of the most economic ways of carbon dioxide abatement. We investigate the deployment and relocation of several semi-mobile processing facilities in order to supply a large coal-fired power plant with high-quality renewable energy carriers. Semi-mobile facilities are characterized by a containerized design and can be relocated in case of changes in supply and demand. The energy carriers which are produced by different types of semi-mobile technologies are bulky goods with high density and properties comparable to those of coal and fuel oil. Thus, intermodal transportation is required to achieve transportation costs which are competitive with the delivered cost of fossil fuels at the plant’s gate. The optimization of the investigated supply chain therefore requires simultaneous planning of semi-mobile facility deployment and intermodal transportation. To this end, we present a mixed-integer linear problem which optimizes the number of semi-mobile facilities, their respective relocation over time and the intermodal transportation of produced energy carriers to the power plant. In the presented case, train transportation is characterized by a low geographical coverage of the railway network and restrictions representing minimum shipping volumes per railway line. The model minimizes the objective function of total supply chain costs including electricity generation, transportation, the operation and relocation of the semi-mobile plants and the necessary forestry operations associated with the deployed facilities. The model is implemented in GAMS and solved using the CPLEX solver. We discuss a numerical example based on data from the forestry and energy sector in Chile.

Ein Ansatz zur Bewertung klimapolitischer Instrumente am Beispiel der Metallerzeugung und -verarbeitung

Die ambitionierten Treibhausgas(THG)-Reduktionsziele Deutschlands erfordern politische Anreize, den THG-Ausstos in energieintensiven Industrien zu mindern ohne dabei deren Wettbewerbsfahigkeit zu beeintrachtigen. In der Dissertation wird daher der Einfluss verschiedener klimapolitischer Instrumente (ETS, EEG, EnergieStG, StromStG) auf die induzierten Emissionsminderungen sowie auf relevante okonomische Kenngrosen analysiert, wobei die Metallerzeugung im Fokus der Analysen steht.