Paula Caitano Fontela

Anemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anemia in DM2 patients and its correlation with demographic and lifestyle and laboratory variables. This is a descriptive and analytical study of the type of case studies in the urban area of the Ijuí city, registered in programs of the Family Health Strategy, with a total sample of 146 patients with DM2. A semistructured questionnaire with sociodemographic and clinical variables and performed biochemical test was applied. Of the DM2 patients studied, 50 patients had anemia, and it was found that the body mass items and hypertension and hematological variables are significantly associated with anemia of chronic disease. So, the prevalence of anemia is high in patients with DM2. The set of observed changes characterizes the anemia of chronic disease, which affects quality of life of diabetic patients and is associated with disease progression, development, and comorbidities that contribute significantly to increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE to estimate the glomerular filtration using the Cockcroft-Gault (CG), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations, and serum creatinine in the screening of reduced renal function in patients with type two diabetes (T2DM) enrolled in the Family Health Strategy (ESF, Brazilian federal health-care program). METHODS a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted. The protocol consisted of sociodemographics, physical examination and biochemical tests. Renal function was analyzed through serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated according to the CG, MDRD and CKD-EPI equations, available on the websites of the Brazilian Nephrology Society (SBN) and the (NKF). RESULTS 146 patients aged 60.9 ± 8.9 years were evaluated; 64.4% were women. The prevalence of serum creatinine >1.2 mg/dL was 18.5% and GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 totaled 25.3, 36.3 and 34.2% when evaluated by the equations CG, MDRD and CKD-EPI, respectively. Diabetic patients with reduced renal function were older, had long-term T2DM diagnosis, higher systolic blood pressure and higher levels of fasting glucose, compared to diabetics with normal renal function. Creatinine showed strong negative correlation with the glomerular filtration rate estimated using CG, MDRD and CKD-EPI (-0.64, -0.87, -0.89) equations, respectively. CONCLUSION the prevalence of individuals with reduced renal function based on serum creatinine was lower, reinforcing the need to follow the recommendations of the SBN and the National Kidney Disease Education Program (NKDEP) in estimating the value of the glomerular filtration rate as a complement to the results of serum creatinine to better assess the renal function of patients.

Estudo do índice de conicidade, índice de massa corporal e circunferência abdominal como preditores de doença arterial coronariana

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to assess whether the conicity index (CI), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) can be used as predictors of coronary artery disease (CAD) and mortality in a middle-aged population of the north-western region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS This was a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study, based on the medical records of patients seen in a cardiology institution in a rural area of Rio Grande do Sul. The sample consisted of 2396 individuals. The primary endpoint was diagnosis of CAD, with mortality as the secondary endpoint. CI, BMI and WC were assessed using logistic regression, Cox regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS The study showed that none of the anthropometric measures could be considered independent factors for either a diagnosis of CAD or mortality. Female gender was associated with a significantly lower risk of CAD (odds ratio [OR]: 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22-0.44), as was absence of diabetes (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.33-0.82), while there was a significantly higher risk of mortality associated with the presence of CAD (OR: 3.56; 95% CI: 2.00-6.32) and alcohol consumption (OR: 3.55; 95% CI: 1.60-7.90). CONCLUSIONS These anthropometric measures were not independent predictive factors for CAD diagnosis or mortality in a population in southern Brazil. Our results support the conclusion that determination of CI, BMI and WC alone is insufficient to assess the risk of CAD and mortality in the general population.

FATORES DE RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR: Comparação Entre os Gêneros em Indivíduos Com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalencia de fatores de risco cardiovascular em individuos portadores de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) residentes na cidade de Ijui/RS, fazendo uma comparacao entre generos e faixas etarias. Estudo do tipo transversal e descritivo. A amostra utilizou a tecnica de amostragem estratificada proporcional, sendo avaliados 133 individuos com DM2, que estao em acompanhamento em programa de Estrategia de Saude da Familia (ESF). Os participantes foram questionados quanto as condicoes de saude determinando os fatores de risco associados. O fator de risco cardiovascular mais prevalente foi a hipertensao arterial sistemica (HAS) para o genero feminino (87%) e a idade avancada (> de 65 anos) para o genero masculino (67%). Com relacao a idade, a faixa etaria com maior prevalencia de DM2 foi de 50 a 59 anos para a populacao feminina (16,3%) e 70 a 75 anos para a masculina (11,4%). Os resultados revelam que as mulheres tem menos fatores de risco associados em comparacao aos homens e a faixa etaria com maior numero de individuos diabeticos foi a de 60 a 69 anos.

Condições de saúde de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família, em Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, 2010-2013

OBJETIVO:descrever as condicoes de saude de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) com idade <75 anos, cadastrados na Estrategia Saude da Familia da area urbana do municipio de Ijui-RS, Brasil, em 2010-2013.METODOS:estudo descritivo de tipo serie de casos; foram estudadas caracteristicas sociodemograficas, condicoes de saude, habitos de vida e alimentares, complicacoes possivelmente associadas a DM2, antropometria, capacidade funcional, qualidade de vida e exames bioquimicos.RESULTADOS:dos 219 pacientes, 64,8% eram mulheres com idade media de 61,4 anos; hipertensao arterial (74,9%) e alteracoes visuais (63,1%) foram a comorbidade e a complicacao mais prevalentes, respectivamente; antidiabeticos e antihipertensivos (69,9%) foram os medicamentos mais prescritos; o desempenho na avaliacao funcional e na qualidade de vida foi adequado, exceto na forca expiratoria; 36,5% dos homens e 56,8% das mulheres apresentavam triglicerideos elevados; 40,0% das mulheres apresentavam glicose elevada.CONCLUSAO:as prevalencias de comorbidades e complicacoes associadas ao DM2 foram elevadas.

Percepção de beleza e cuidados estéticos em mulheres pós-menopausa residentes em um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul

A diversidade tecnologica na oferta de tratamentos esteticos e a imposicao da sociedade pela valorizacao da beleza podem gerar mudancas de perfil no publico feminino que podem ser especificas, considerando-se as caracteristicas sociodemograficas, economicas e culturais da populacao estudada. Este estudo de carater quantitativo teve como objetivo conhecer a percepcao de beleza e os cuidados esteticos em mulheres rurais na pos-menopausa residentes em um municipio do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Participaram do estudo, mulheres com idade igual e/ou superior a 65 anos, que faziam parte de um grupo da terceira idade. Foi realizada avaliacao dos dados antropometricos e entrevista estruturada com questoes sobre a percepcao de beleza e a realizacao de procedimentos esteticos. Foram avaliadas vinte mulheres com media de idade de 69,2 anos, massa corporal e estatura media de 73,9 kg e 1,62 m de altura. Apenas 20% da amostra havia feito dieta para emagrecimento, a maioria, 45%, considerava a beleza “mais ou menos importante”, sendo “muito importante” apenas para 10%. Somente duas delas (10%) haviam passado por procedimento cirurgico, ambas para reducao de mama, conforme recomendacao medica. Com relacao a estetica facial e corporal, 40% e 15% das mulheres, respectivamente, realizaram algum procedimento para esse fim. A maioria delas nunca obteve conhecimento sobre estetica facial e/ou corporal. Percebe-se que as mudancas na percepcao de beleza determinada pela sociedade atual nao atinge as mulheres rurais na pos-menopausa residentes em um municipio do interior do Rio Grande do Sul.

Sleep Respiratory Disorders and Clinical Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction Sleep respiratory disorders (SRDs) are often found in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective The aim was to establish the prevalence of risk to develop an SRD using the Clinical Berlin Questionnaire (CBQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in patients with T2DM and verifying the correlation of anthropometric measurements and life quality (LQ) with ESS. Methods A descriptive and analytical study of a case series evaluating 208 patients with T2DM, submitted to clinical and biochemical evaluation and implementation of CBQ, ESS, and WHOQOL-bref to evaluate LQ. Results Mean age was 60.8 ± 8.8 years, and 65.4% were women. Most diabetics were overweight (36.1%), and 29.8% were class I obese. One-third had positive risk signals for a SRD, with 87.0 and 34.1% having high risk in CBQ and sleep disorders in ESS, respectively. There was a significant difference in the general LQ between the low- and high-risk groups in the CBQ. Conclusion In this scenario, it is noteworthy that the active search for sleep disorders must start from simple methods, such as application of protocols.