Paula Rejane Beserra Diniz

Normal aging and decision-making: a systematic review of the literature of the last 10 years

Objective Conduct a systematic review to investigate whether healthy elderly have deficits in the decision-making process when compared to the young. Methods We performed a systematic search on SciELO, Lilacs, PsycINFO, Scopus and PubMed database with keywords decision making and aging (according to the description of Mesh terms) at least 10 years. Results We found nine studies from different countries, who investigated 441 young and 377 elderly. All studies used the IOWA Gambling Task as a way of benchmarking the process of decision making. The analysis showed that 78% of the articles did not have significant differences between groups. However, 100% of the studies that assessed learning did find relevant differences. Furthermore, studies that observed the behavior of individuals in the face of losses and gains, 60% of articles showed that the elderly has more disadvantageous choices throughout the task. Conclusion: The consulted literature showed no consensus on the existence of differences in performance of the decision-making process between old and young, but it is observed that the elderly has deficits in learning and a tendency to fewer advantageous choices.

Neuroimagem na dependência de jogos eletrônicos: uma revisão sistemática

Objective: To perform a systematic review of manuscripts that used neuroimage to study the video game addiction in order to identify the main altered brain regions. Methods: Searches were realized in the following databases: ScieELO, BVS, Lilacs, Science Direct On Line and PubMed. There was no minimum date for the research, being considered articles founded until July 2013. The descriptors used for this systematic review were: “PET”, “SPECT”, “MRI”, “DTI”, “EEG”, “imaging”, “neuroimaging”, “spectroscopy”, “functional magnetic resonance”, “structural magnetic resonance”, “tractography”, “voxel” and “brain”, individually crossed with descriptors “gaming” and “video game addiction”. Results: Of the 52 articles founded, 16 were selected: nine used fMRI, four used sRMI, one used PET and two used EEG. In relation of the functional and structural changes, they were more often observed in the frontal lobe (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, prefrontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus), parietal, temporal (parahippocampal gyrus), basal ganglia, thalamus, insula and cerebellum. Conclusion: Regardless the methods utilized, the studies pointed convergences regarding reciprocity brain. These neural changes are similar to those observed in patients with substance addiction and internet addiction, especially during craving. Although only recently neuroimaging researches on game addicts were realized, we count at the moment with significant findings aligned with the understanding of the neural mechanisms associated with video game addiction and its inclusion as a nosological category in psychiatric scope.

EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO OU ATIVIDADE FÍSICA: QUAL APRESENTA MAIOR ASSOCIAÇÃO COM A PERCEPÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DO SONO DE ADOLESCENTES?

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of exercises and physical activity with the perception of sleep quality by adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological survey with statewide coverage, whose sample was composed of 6,261 adolescents (14-19 years old) who were selected by random sampling of conglomerates. The Global School-Based Student Health Survey questionnaire was used for data collection. The chi-square test and the binary logistic regression were applied for data analyses. Results: In the sample, 29% of adolescents did not exercise and were not classified as physically active. Adolescents who did not exercise were more likely to present a negative perception of sleep quality (OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.04-1.28, p=0.043). No association between the level of physical activity and the perception of sleep quality was found (OR 1.01, 95%CI 0.89-1.14, p=0.868). Those who practiced exercises only had less chance of perceiving sleep quality as poor (OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.71-0.95). However, those who practiced exercise and had a physically active life had less chances of having a negative perception of their sleep (OR 0.79, 95%CI 0.68-0.93). Conclusions: Practicing physical activity alone was not enough to increase the chances of positive sleep quality perception. Only physical exercise had a positive association with sleep quality perception.

ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE A PERCEPÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DO SONO E A ASSIMILAÇÃO DO CONTEÚDO ABORDADO EM SALA DE AULA

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association between self-perception of sleep quality and assimilation of content covered in classes by adolescents. Methods: Epidemiological cross-sectional study conducted with 481 high-school students (14 to 19 years), both genders, enrolled in public schools in the city of Caruaru, Pernambuco, and selected by random cluster sampling strategy. Analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Results: 44.1% of the adolescents reported learning difficulties during classes, 77.1% slept less than eight hours per day, and 28.9% had a bad perception of their sleep quality. Young people who studied at least one extra hour per day out of school had less difficulty in assimilating class content (OR=0.34; 95%CI 0.19-0.58). We also found that participants who reported a bad perception of sleep quality were more likely to have learning difficulties at school (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.13-2.65) regardless of gender, age, school shift, study time out of school, and sleeping hours. Conclusions: Perception of sleep quality was associated with learning difficulties at school regardless of the number of sleeping and study hours.

A TELESSAÚDE COMO FERRAMENTA NA EDUCAÇÃO CONTINUADA PARA O DIAGNÓSTICO PRECOCE DO CÂNCER INFANTOJUVENIL

RESUMO INTRODUCAO: O câncer infantojuvenil vem se apresentando como a segunda causa de obito na populacao entre 0 e 19 anos no Brasil, atras apenas das causas externas. As tecnologias de informacao e comunicacao, especificamente, a telessaude, revela-se uma mola propulsora na triagem de suspeitas de neoplasias malignas, alem de promover a integracao da equipe da atencao primaria a saude e a do centro de referencia, diminuindo distâncias, e promovendo educacao continuada igualitaria. OBJETIVO: Associar os resultados do pre e pos-testes e descrever as teleconsultorias enviadas apos a intervencao do projeto FIQUE ATENTO: PODE SER CÂNCER: A telessaude como ferramenta para a suspeicao precoce do câncer infantojuvenil, realizado com profissionais da atencao primaria a saude em Recife-Pernambuco. METODO: Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental sem grupo controle, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Realizado nos anos de 2015 e 2016, a partir da analise de dados secundarios da Plataforma de Telessaude HealthNET da RedeNutes, do Nucleo de Telessaude da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Utilizou-se o software EpiInfo 7.2 como suporte estatistico para o calculo das frequencias absolutas e relativas, assim como para as medidas de associacao. Adotou-se o p-valor menor que 0,05 para o calculo de significância estatistica. O projeto foi aprovado sob o numero do CAAE 50707515.7.0000.5208. RESULTADOS: Os profissionais, apos a intervencao, mostraram maior desenvolvimento com relacao aos conhecimentos obtidos sobre epidemiologia (p<0,001), e sinais e sintomas das neoplasias infantojuvenis (p<0,001). Foram geradas oito teleconsultorias com tempo medio de resposta de 53,32 horas, em que 50% (4) foram casos clinicos e tiveram seus encaminhamentos qualificados, e nenhum precisou ser regulado a unidade de referencia. CONCLUSAO: A telessaude mostra-se como uma ferramenta com potencial de educacao permanente, contribuindo para o diagnostico precoce do câncer infantojuvenil, aumentando as chances de cura e sobrevida. Palavras-chave: Saude da Crianca; Saude do Adolescente; Neoplasias; Telessaude; Atencao primaria a saude.

Artigo de revisãoFactors related to the association of social anxiety disorder and alcohol use among adolescents: a systematic reviewFatores relacionados à associação de transtorno de ansiedade social e uso de álcool entre adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática☆

Objective To identify the risk factors related to the association between social anxiety disorder and alcohol use in adolescents.

Magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing in the spectrum of normal aging

OBJECTIVE: To understand the relationships between brain structures and function (behavior and cognition) in healthy aging. METHOD: The study group was composed of 56 healthy elderly subjects who underwent neuropsychological assessment and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. Cluster analysis classified the cohort into two groups, one (cluster 1) in which the magnetic resonance imaging metrics were more preserved (mean age: 66.4 years) and another (cluster 2) with less preserved markers of healthy brain tissue (mean age: 75.4 years). RESULTS: The subjects in cluster 2 (older group) had worse indices of interference in the Stroop test compared with the subjects in cluster 1 (younger group). Therefore, a simple test such as the Stroop test could differentiate groups of younger and older subjects based on magnetic resonance imaging metrics. CONCLUSION: These results are in agreement with the inhibitory control hypotheses regarding cognitive aging and may also be important in the interpretation of studies with other clinical groups, such as patients with dementia and mild cognitive impairment.