Raphael Mendes Ritti Dias

Reprodutibilidade do teste de 1-RM em indivíduos com doença arterial obstrutiva periférica

INTRODUCTION: Patients with peripheral obstructive arterial disease (PAD) present muscle atrophy and reduced strength in the legs which have been associated with impairment in physical function. Consequently, the assessment of leg strength can be useful for identifying muscle weakness and analyzing the efficacy of intervention programs for patients with PAD. OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability of the 1-RM test in patients with PAD. Methods: The sample was composed of twenty-six patients with PAD and symptoms of mild intermittent claudication. Patients performed the 1-RM tests in the knee extension exercise in the leg with lower ankle brachial index (ABI) and in the leg with higher ABI. This protocol was repeated in four sessions to assess the reliability of the maximum strength measurements. RESULTS: Maximal strength increased significantly from session 1 to session 2 in both legs (4.1 ± 14.3% in the leg with lower ABI and 5.9 ± 13.1% in the leg with higher ABI). The analysis of agreement revealed that higher bias and higher limits of agreement were observed in both legs when sessions 1 and 2 were compared. CONCLUSION: Reliable assessment of strength using 1-RM test in knee extension exercise in patients with PAD and symptoms of intermittent claudication is obtained when 2 test sessions are performed.

Tempo de incidência dos gols no Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol 2008

The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence time, origin and place of the goals of the 2008 Brazilian Championship, and to verify the influence of these parameters in the final classification. Data collection was performed by two independent evaluators that classified the goals according to the time of incidence, origin (stationary ball or ball rolling), and place of conclusion (inside or outside the area). A total of 1034 goals were scored. It was verified that there were more goals in the second half of the game (579 goals, ~56%), mainly in the last fifteen minutes (221 goals, ~21%). In all periods of the game, most of the goals were scored with the ball rolling and were performed inside the area. The results of the present study show higher incidence of goals at the end of the matches. The best ranked teams showed greater regularity in the distribution of goals between the intervals than the other teams.El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el tiempo de incidencia, la origen y el lugar de los goles del Campeonato Brasileno de Futbol del 2008, y para comprobar la influencia de estos parametros en la tabla de posiciones. La recogida de datos se realizo por dos evaluadores independientes que clasificaron los goles de las 380 partidas de la competicion con relacion al tiempo de incidencia, origen (balon parada o balanceo de la bola) y lugar de finalizacion (dentro o fuera del area penal). En total, se marcaron 1.034 goles. La mayor incidencia de goles fue en el segundo tiempo (579 goles, ~56%), principalmente en los ultimos quince minutos (221 goles, ~21%). En todos los periodos, la mayoria de los goles se origino en jugada con finalizacion en el area penal. Como conclusion, los resultados de este estudio indicaron que la mayor frecuencia de goles tiene lugar al final de las partidas, aunque los mejores equipos presenten mas regularidad en la distribucion de los goles a lo largo de la partida. Los equipos mejores clasificados al final de la competicion presentaron mas regularidad en la realizacion de goles entre los dos periodos.

Segurança, reprodutibilidade, fatores intervenientes e aplicabilidade de testes de 1-RM

One of the most used methods for measuring muscular strength is the one repetition maximum test (1-RM), since its versatility for use in different exercises, its specificity of movement and low operating cost. Despite the advantages, some questions remain unclear. In this study we discuss about the available evidences regarding safety, reproducibility, intervenient factors and the practical applicability of the 1-RM test. The available evidence suggests that the 1-RM test is cardiovascular and orthopedic safely and Its reliability depends on the appropriate test procedures used for load stabilization as well as the control of intervenient factors that may influence the test performance. Although the applicability for the diagnosis and monitoring of muscular strength is large, the use of the 1-RM tests for the prescription of weight training is highly debatable.

Efeito do treinamento físico na pressão arterial de adolescentes com obesidade

Objective: To systematically review the results of studies that analyzed the effects of physical training on the blood pressure of obese adolescents. Data sources: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was performed and examined the effect of physical training on the blood pressure of obese adolescents, published in journals indexed at PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, and ISI Web of Knowledge SM databases. Studies that evaluated adolescents published until 2010 and that had a Control Group were included. Data synthesis: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Two of them used strength exercises combined with aerobics, while six used only aerobics. Five studies used complementary intervention, especially nutritional. Four studies found decreased systolic blood pressure in the Training Group compared to Controls, together with the reduction in body mass. All studies that found a reduction in systolic blood pressure used aerobic exercises from 12 to 24 weeks three to six times per week, lasting 50 to 90 minutes, and with intensity between 55 and 75% at the maximum heart rate. Conclusions: The effect of physical training on the systolic blood pressure of obese adolescents is controversial. However, the reduction in systolic blood pressure seems to occur with aerobic training programs, that also reduce body mass.OBJETIVO: Descrever, por meio de uma revisao sistematica, os efeitos do treinamento fisico sobre a pressao arterial em adolescentes com obesidade. FONTES DE DADOS: Recorreu-se a revisao sistematica de ensaios clinicos randomizados que analisaram o efeito do treinamento fisico sobre a pressao arterial de adolescentes obesos, publicados em periodicos indexados nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, SciELO e ISI Web of KnowledgeSM. Foram incluidos os estudos que avaliaram adolescentes publicados ate 2010, e que possuiam Grupo Controle. SINTESE DOS DADOS: Oito estudos atenderam aos criterios de inclusao. Dois deles utilizaram exercicios de forca combinados com aerobios, enquanto seis empregaram apenas os aerobios. Cinco estudos utilizaram intervencoes complementares, sendo a nutricional a mais frequente. Quatro estudos observaram reducao da pressao arterial sistolica no Grupo Exercicio comparado ao Controle. Nesses quatro estudos, alem da reducao da pressao arterial, notou-se diminuicao da massa corporea. Todos aqueles que verificaram reducao da pressao arterial utilizaram 12 a 24 semanas de exercicios aerobios, tres a seis sessoes semanais, com duracao de 50 a 90 minutos e intensidade entre 55 e 75% da frequencia cardiaca maxima. CONCLUSOES: O efeito do treinamento fisico na pressao arterial de adolescentes obesos e controverso. A reducao da pressao arterial parece ocorrer com programas de treinamento aerobios que promovam tambem a reducao da massa corporea.

Desnutrição e sua associação com atividades durante o lazer entre adolescentes

The scope of this study is to analyze the prevalence of malnutrition among adolescents in two Brazilian cities and to analyze possible associations with leisure-time physical activity. 2782 adolescents ranging from 10 to 17 years of age enrolled in public and private schools from a city in the southeastern and another in the southern region participated in the study. Body weight and height were duly recorded. Physical activity was assessed: sports, walking; cycling and watching television. The Chi-square and Poisson regression tests were applied. The prevalence of malnutrition was 13%, being higher among females (14.5%) than among males (11.9%) (p = 0.047). Practicing sport was associated with a lower occurrence of the condition (p = 0.001). The prevalence of malnutrition was significantly lower among those who maintained moderate walking frequency in comparison with those who walked less. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in this study was considered to be high. In addition to this, inadequate nutritional status in adolescents seems associated with risk-related health behavior, such as insufficient leisure-time physical activity.

Efecto del entrenamiento físico en la presión arterial de adolescentes con obesidad

Objective: To systematically review the results of studies that analyzed the effects of physical training on the blood pressure of obese adolescents. Data sources: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was performed and examined the effect of physical training on the blood pressure of obese adolescents, published in journals indexed at PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, and ISI Web of Knowledge SM databases. Studies that evaluated adolescents published until 2010 and that had a Control Group were included. Data synthesis: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Two of them used strength exercises combined with aerobics, while six used only aerobics. Five studies used complementary intervention, especially nutritional. Four studies found decreased systolic blood pressure in the Training Group compared to Controls, together with the reduction in body mass. All studies that found a reduction in systolic blood pressure used aerobic exercises from 12 to 24 weeks three to six times per week, lasting 50 to 90 minutes, and with intensity between 55 and 75% at the maximum heart rate. Conclusions: The effect of physical training on the systolic blood pressure of obese adolescents is controversial. However, the reduction in systolic blood pressure seems to occur with aerobic training programs, that also reduce body mass.OBJETIVO: Descrever, por meio de uma revisao sistematica, os efeitos do treinamento fisico sobre a pressao arterial em adolescentes com obesidade. FONTES DE DADOS: Recorreu-se a revisao sistematica de ensaios clinicos randomizados que analisaram o efeito do treinamento fisico sobre a pressao arterial de adolescentes obesos, publicados em periodicos indexados nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, SciELO e ISI Web of KnowledgeSM. Foram incluidos os estudos que avaliaram adolescentes publicados ate 2010, e que possuiam Grupo Controle. SINTESE DOS DADOS: Oito estudos atenderam aos criterios de inclusao. Dois deles utilizaram exercicios de forca combinados com aerobios, enquanto seis empregaram apenas os aerobios. Cinco estudos utilizaram intervencoes complementares, sendo a nutricional a mais frequente. Quatro estudos observaram reducao da pressao arterial sistolica no Grupo Exercicio comparado ao Controle. Nesses quatro estudos, alem da reducao da pressao arterial, notou-se diminuicao da massa corporea. Todos aqueles que verificaram reducao da pressao arterial utilizaram 12 a 24 semanas de exercicios aerobios, tres a seis sessoes semanais, com duracao de 50 a 90 minutos e intensidade entre 55 e 75% da frequencia cardiaca maxima. CONCLUSOES: O efeito do treinamento fisico na pressao arterial de adolescentes obesos e controverso. A reducao da pressao arterial parece ocorrer com programas de treinamento aerobios que promovam tambem a reducao da massa corporea.

Effect of physical training on the blood pressure of adolescents with obesity

Objective: To systematically review the results of studies that analyzed the effects of physical training on the blood pressure of obese adolescents. Data sources: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was performed and examined the effect of physical training on the blood pressure of obese adolescents, published in journals indexed at PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, and ISI Web of Knowledge SM databases. Studies that evaluated adolescents published until 2010 and that had a Control Group were included. Data synthesis: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Two of them used strength exercises combined with aerobics, while six used only aerobics. Five studies used complementary intervention, especially nutritional. Four studies found decreased systolic blood pressure in the Training Group compared to Controls, together with the reduction in body mass. All studies that found a reduction in systolic blood pressure used aerobic exercises from 12 to 24 weeks three to six times per week, lasting 50 to 90 minutes, and with intensity between 55 and 75% at the maximum heart rate. Conclusions: The effect of physical training on the systolic blood pressure of obese adolescents is controversial. However, the reduction in systolic blood pressure seems to occur with aerobic training programs, that also reduce body mass.OBJETIVO: Descrever, por meio de uma revisao sistematica, os efeitos do treinamento fisico sobre a pressao arterial em adolescentes com obesidade. FONTES DE DADOS: Recorreu-se a revisao sistematica de ensaios clinicos randomizados que analisaram o efeito do treinamento fisico sobre a pressao arterial de adolescentes obesos, publicados em periodicos indexados nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, SciELO e ISI Web of KnowledgeSM. Foram incluidos os estudos que avaliaram adolescentes publicados ate 2010, e que possuiam Grupo Controle. SINTESE DOS DADOS: Oito estudos atenderam aos criterios de inclusao. Dois deles utilizaram exercicios de forca combinados com aerobios, enquanto seis empregaram apenas os aerobios. Cinco estudos utilizaram intervencoes complementares, sendo a nutricional a mais frequente. Quatro estudos observaram reducao da pressao arterial sistolica no Grupo Exercicio comparado ao Controle. Nesses quatro estudos, alem da reducao da pressao arterial, notou-se diminuicao da massa corporea. Todos aqueles que verificaram reducao da pressao arterial utilizaram 12 a 24 semanas de exercicios aerobios, tres a seis sessoes semanais, com duracao de 50 a 90 minutos e intensidade entre 55 e 75% da frequencia cardiaca maxima. CONCLUSOES: O efeito do treinamento fisico na pressao arterial de adolescentes obesos e controverso. A reducao da pressao arterial parece ocorrer com programas de treinamento aerobios que promovam tambem a reducao da massa corporea.

Tiempo de la incidencia de los goles del Campeonato Brasileño de fútbol de 2008

The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence time, origin and place of the goals of the 2008 Brazilian Championship, and to verify the influence of these parameters in the final classification. Data collection was performed by two independent evaluators that classified the goals according to the time of incidence, origin (stationary ball or ball rolling), and place of conclusion (inside or outside the area). A total of 1034 goals were scored. It was verified that there were more goals in the second half of the game (579 goals, ~56%), mainly in the last fifteen minutes (221 goals, ~21%). In all periods of the game, most of the goals were scored with the ball rolling and were performed inside the area. The results of the present study show higher incidence of goals at the end of the matches. The best ranked teams showed greater regularity in the distribution of goals between the intervals than the other teams.El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el tiempo de incidencia, la origen y el lugar de los goles del Campeonato Brasileno de Futbol del 2008, y para comprobar la influencia de estos parametros en la tabla de posiciones. La recogida de datos se realizo por dos evaluadores independientes que clasificaron los goles de las 380 partidas de la competicion con relacion al tiempo de incidencia, origen (balon parada o balanceo de la bola) y lugar de finalizacion (dentro o fuera del area penal). En total, se marcaron 1.034 goles. La mayor incidencia de goles fue en el segundo tiempo (579 goles, ~56%), principalmente en los ultimos quince minutos (221 goles, ~21%). En todos los periodos, la mayoria de los goles se origino en jugada con finalizacion en el area penal. Como conclusion, los resultados de este estudio indicaron que la mayor frecuencia de goles tiene lugar al final de las partidas, aunque los mejores equipos presenten mas regularidad en la distribucion de los goles a lo largo de la partida. Los equipos mejores clasificados al final de la competicion presentaron mas regularidad en la realizacion de goles entre los dos periodos.

Incidence time of goals in the Brazilian Championship 2008

The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence time, origin and place of the goals of the 2008 Brazilian Championship, and to verify the influence of these parameters in the final classification. Data collection was performed by two independent evaluators that classified the goals according to the time of incidence, origin (stationary ball or ball rolling), and place of conclusion (inside or outside the area). A total of 1034 goals were scored. It was verified that there were more goals in the second half of the game (579 goals, ~56%), mainly in the last fifteen minutes (221 goals, ~21%). In all periods of the game, most of the goals were scored with the ball rolling and were performed inside the area. The results of the present study show higher incidence of goals at the end of the matches. The best ranked teams showed greater regularity in the distribution of goals between the intervals than the other teams.El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el tiempo de incidencia, la origen y el lugar de los goles del Campeonato Brasileno de Futbol del 2008, y para comprobar la influencia de estos parametros en la tabla de posiciones. La recogida de datos se realizo por dos evaluadores independientes que clasificaron los goles de las 380 partidas de la competicion con relacion al tiempo de incidencia, origen (balon parada o balanceo de la bola) y lugar de finalizacion (dentro o fuera del area penal). En total, se marcaron 1.034 goles. La mayor incidencia de goles fue en el segundo tiempo (579 goles, ~56%), principalmente en los ultimos quince minutos (221 goles, ~21%). En todos los periodos, la mayoria de los goles se origino en jugada con finalizacion en el area penal. Como conclusion, los resultados de este estudio indicaron que la mayor frecuencia de goles tiene lugar al final de las partidas, aunque los mejores equipos presenten mas regularidad en la distribucion de los goles a lo largo de la partida. Los equipos mejores clasificados al final de la competicion presentaron mas regularidad en la realizacion de goles entre los dos periodos.