Paulo Antônio Rabenschlag de Brum

Triticale em dietas para frangos de corte

A study was carried out to determine the best replacement level of corn by triticale in diets for broilers. A total of 1,560 one-day old birds, both male and female, were used in the study from 1 to 42 days of age. The experimental design was in random blocks with five treatments: 0, 25, 50, 75% of replacement of corn by triticale, and a fifth diet containing basically triticale and soybean meal. There were 12 replicates per treatment, six with males and six with females. All diets were isocaloric and isoproteic. There was an effect of sex (P 0.05). According to the results, it is possible to replace up to 75% of corn by triticale, without negatively affect the performance of broilers. The use of triticale will be economically possible for broiler of both sexes, when its cost represents 63, 46 and 45% of price of corn, for substitution levels of 25, 50 and 75%, respectively. Although showing worst performance, total substitution of corn by triticale is advantajous if triticale price is up till 42% corn price.

Modelagem do crescimento e do desenvolvimento de frangos de corte: validação

A model was developed in order to simulate the basal metabolism, deposition of protein in carcass and feathers and carcass fat deposition. The model assumes the existence of a pool of readily available nutrients in the animal body, being the simulation of animal metabolism based on the in and out flow of nutrients of this pool. Nutrients come from feed intake or tissue catabolism, and may be used for maintenance, feather and carcass protein deposition and carcass fat deposition. The simulation process is dynamic, with maintenance and tissue turnover occurring simultaneously. Three data sets were used for calibration, sensibility analysis and validation of model. The model is able to simulate deposition of protein and fat in the carcass and protein in the feathers. However, adjustments are required to match different genotypes, mainly for the rate of maturing of the protein in the carcass (BP), rate of maturing of the protein in the feathers (BF), for the mature weight of the protein in the carcass (WmP) and the mature weight of the protein in the feathers (WmF). The model was especially shown sensitive to these parameters in the sensibility analysis, being highlighted the importance of being correctly determined. The protein deposition in the carcass and in the feathers they presented smaller correlation coefficients (r2) among the observed values and simulated in function of the great variation among genotypes, what reinforces the need to determine the parameters that characterize each genotype correctly.

Estimativas das Exigências de Lisina e de Energia Metabolizável em Frangos de Corte de 1 a 21 dias de Idade, Utilizando-se uma Variável Multivariada Canônica

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of metabolizable lysine (LM) and metabolizable energy (EM) on uni and multivariable of performance and carcasses of broilers, maintaining the ideal protein balance. Were used 2808 male chicks from a commercial line from 1 to 21 days and allotted to 104 pens. The treatments resulted from a factorial arrangement of three ME levels (3,000, 3,100 and 3,200 kcal/kg) and four LM levels (0.92, 1.02, 1.12 and 1.22%) plus another treatment on which amino acids were supplied on total basis. Eight replicates per treatment were installed according to the initial weight. Diets were based in corn and soybean meal plus crystalline amino acids. The studied variables were related with the performance, tissue deposition and the multivariate canonical variable (CAN). The last was created from primary variables such as weight gain, feed intake and protein deposition in carcasses. There was significant effect for LM, ME and the interactions on performance tissue deposition and CAN. By the broken line model, CAN allowed to estimate LM requirement at 1.18% when the diet has 3,000 kcal of ME/kg. In this work, among studied models, the linear was better to estimate the requirement at 1.22 % of LM when diets contained 3,100 or 3,200 kcal ME/kg, not reaching the optimum level, that could be at higher level.

Rat and poultry feeding studies with soybean meal produced from imidazolinone-tolerant (CV127) soybeans

The safety and nutritional properties of CV127 soybeans were evaluated in rat and broiler feeding studies. Some episodic differences were observed between rats fed CV127, Conquista, and the standard diet for the endpoints examined. None of these differences were considered treatment related, adverse, or biologically meaningful. In general, birds fed diets containing CV127, Conquista, or Monsoy 8001 showed no significant differences in growth and performance response variables. Chickens fed diets containing Coodetec 217 had lower body weight and weight gain for all developmental periods compared to CV127, but no significant differences were found in feed conversion for the two diets during any development period. The results of both feeding studies demonstrate that CV127 soybeans are as safe, wholesome, and nutritionally valuable as the other soybean meals tested, including those varieties for which histories of safe use have been established and well documented.

Metabolizable energy and amino acids relationships with the soluble fractions of protein and fiber of vegetable feed ingredients

To estimate nutrient and energy digestion with animal from in vitro variables it is necessary to control factors that may interfere on digestion such as: source and concentration of digestor substance, as well as the origin and processing of test ingredients. In this study there were performed five laboratory assays, two with poultry and finally regression equations were established based on variables generated with twelve vegetable ingredients. The results showed that there is greater solubility of proteins with NaOH than with KOH. On average, both alkali produced better discrimination of soluble protein with concentration of 0.02% (range of 68.61%) in relation to a concentration of 0.2% (range of 37.97%). Considering interaction between alkali and concentration, the best discrimination on protein solubility was reached with NaOH at 0.02%. The methods of protein or fiber solubilization together with the chemical analysis showed significant results variation among ingredients and when they were used to estimate in vivo variables they produced good estimates. It was concluded that reliable digestion estimates for energy or amino acids from vegetable feed ingredients could be obtained from in vitro variables, when considering solubilities of protein and fiber with chemical analysis.

Determinação do teor de tanino de quatro variedades de sorgo por intermédio de métodos quantitativos

This experiment was conducted to compare the tannin content of four sorghum varieties using six quantitative methods of tannin determination. A completely randomized design in a 4 x 6 (variety x method) factorial arrangement with four replicates was used, where: T1: Folin Denis (Folin Denis reagent reflux); T2: Folin Denis (water reflux); T3: Folin Denis (water reflux followed by filtration); T4: Lowental, T5: Vanilin cloridric acid of Burns, and T6: Vanilin cloridric acid modified of Burns. The highest tannin content was observed when determined by Burns methods and the lowest content by Lowental method. The results showed a wide variability among the methods used to determine tannin. By the laboratory practice, the Folin Denis method - CNPSA may be the most recomended method.

Desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com ingrediente de alta digestibilidade nas fases de criação pré-inicial e inicial

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the diet, with the inclusion of an energetic-protein nucleus (EPN) composed of highly digestible ingredients, on the productive performance and carcass traits of broiler chicks. The nucleus was composed by degummed soybean oil, pre-gelatinized corn, twice-processed soybean, mannanoligosaccharides and peptides. The total of 864 male AgRoss 508 broiler, with one day of age, were weighed individually and distributed in a randomized block design. Treatments consisted of: T1, control, 0% EPN; T2, 7% EPN (1-7 days) and 3.5% EPN (8-21 days); T3, 14% EPN (1-7 days) and 7% EPN (8-21 days); and T4, 21% EPN (1-7 days) and 10.5% EPN (8-21 days of age). At 21 days of age, body weight, weight gain, average feed intake, feed conversion and carcass and cut-ups yield were not significantly affected by treatments. The EPN inclusion in the diets did not influence the performance, carcass traits and cut-ups of broilers.