João Carlos Maier

Desempenho de Frangos de Corte Alimentados com Dietas à Base de Milho e Farelo de Soja, com ou sem Adição de Enzimas

This study was run to evaluate the effect of inclusion of an enzymatic cocktail, containing proteases, amilases and cellulases (Vegpro) in broiler diets. The cocktail was added with the ration of 1 kg per 200 kg of soybean meal. Two thousand and forty female Ross chicks were distributed in eight treatments with seven replicates each. A split-plot experimental design was used. Treatments consisted of T1 ¾ control (no enzyme added), T2 ¾ diet five percent lower in energy, protein and [...]

Qualidade de ovos e resistência óssea de poedeiras alimentadas com minerais orgânicos

The effect of increasing levels of organic minerals on the external and internal quality of eggs and tibia bone strength of brown-egg laying hens was studied. A total of 256, 30-week old was equally distributed in 64 cages in a total of four birds per cage in a completely randomized experimental design. The dietary treatments consisted of inorganic or increasing levels of organic minerals in the diets of laying hens, resulting in four treatments. Egg weight (g), specific gravity, shell weight and thickness (mm), albumen height (mm), Haugh unit, yolk weight and albumen (g) and bone strength (kg) were evaluated. A significant difference (P<0.05) among treatment means for egg weight and albumen was found. Intermediate inclusion levels of organic minerals resulted in the production of heavier eggs, with higher albumen weight and maintenance of the other characteristics of internal and external quality of eggs and bone strength.

Uso da metodologia de coleta total de excretas na determinação da energia metabolizável em rações para frangos de corte ajustadas ou não quanto aos níveis de vitaminas e minerais

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin and micromineral levels adjustment in the test diet on the total collection method for determination of apparent metabolizable energy (EMA) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen retention (EMAn) of soybean meal. Two treatments were compared: the test diet without or with adjustments in the amounts of choline chloride and vitamin-micromineral premix, when 40% of the reference diet was replaced with soybean meal. The traditional total feces collection method was used, with 360 Ross broilers from 15 to 23 days old. The chickens were allotted to batteries as a randomized block design, with two treatments and 12 ten-birds replicates (five males and five females). Mean values and respective standard errors for EMA and EMAn (kcal/kg) of soybean meal, as-fed basis, were of 2,462±29.62 and 2,269±25.80 for the adjusted diet and 2,353±26.18 and 2,191±23.88 for the diet without vitamin and micromineral adjustment. Adjustments of the amounts of choline choride and vitamin-micromineral premix in the test diet led to higher EMA and EMAn compared to the control test diet with no adjustments. Therefore, vitamin and micromineral levels in the test diet should be adjusted to the reference diet in experiments determining the metabolizable energy of feedstuffs used in poultry diets.

Determinação do período de coleta total de excretas para estimativa dos valores de energia metabolizável em frangos de corte

The effects of total excreta collection period length on estimated values of metabolizable energy [apparent (AME) and nitrogen corrected (AMEn)] were evaluated in broiler chickens from 19 to 23 days of age. Five treatments with six replicates were used in a randomized block design, in a total of 300 broiler chicks for the control and 300 broiler chicks for the reference diet. The control replaced 40% of reference diet with corn. After diet adaptation (four days), total excreta collection was performed during 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 days, that consisted the treatments. Data were submitted to ANOVA using the GLM procedure of SAS (2001), with subsequent multiple mean comparison using Tukey test. Observed mean values of metabolizable energy for corn, as-fed basis, for the collection periods (1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 days) with the respective coefficients of variation (%), for AME (kcal/kg) were: 3,814 (7.26), 3,511 (5.32), 3,563 (2.51), 3,512 (1.31), and 3,489 (1.00) and for AMEn (kcal/kg) were: 3,709 (6.68), 3,434 (4.85), 3,482 (2.31), 3,438 (1.11), and 3,423 (1.03), respectively. It was concluded that a 4-d collection period is recommended to compose corn ME data with the same confidence as those of 5-d collection period.

Desenvolvimento do sistema digestório de frangos de corte alimentados com farinha de batata doce

Foi avaliado o desenvolvimento do sistema digestorio de frangos de corte alimentados com farinha de batata doce em substituicao parcial ao milho, com ou sem suplementacao de um complexo enzimatico. Cento e cinquenta pintos de um dia de idade, machos, da linhagem Cobb, foram alojados em 40 boxes de duas baterias metalicas onde permaneceram ate os 28 dias de idade. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2, com tres niveis de farinha de batata doce (0, 20 e 40%) e dois do complexo enzimatico (0 e 200 g/ton), com 5 repeticoes de 5 aves por tratamento. Aos 14, 21 e 28 dias de idade, foram pesadas e sacrificadas por deslocamento crânio-cervical, 5 aves por tratamento, para avaliacao alometrica do coracao, figado, proventriculo e moela e biometrica do duodeno, jejuno, ileo, colon-reto e cecos. Os dados foram submetidos a analise da variacao e regressao polinomial. O aumento de farinha de batata doce em substituicao ao milho na dieta de frangos de corte interfere negativamente no peso corporal e no desenvolvimento de orgaos. A suplementacao do complexo enzimatico nao in- fluencia a alometria de orgaos e a biometria intesti- nal dos frangos de corte.

Determinação do teor de tanino de quatro variedades de sorgo por intermédio de métodos quantitativos

This experiment was conducted to compare the tannin content of four sorghum varieties using six quantitative methods of tannin determination. A completely randomized design in a 4 x 6 (variety x method) factorial arrangement with four replicates was used, where: T1: Folin Denis (Folin Denis reagent reflux); T2: Folin Denis (water reflux); T3: Folin Denis (water reflux followed by filtration); T4: Lowental, T5: Vanilin cloridric acid of Burns, and T6: Vanilin cloridric acid modified of Burns. The highest tannin content was observed when determined by Burns methods and the lowest content by Lowental method. The results showed a wide variability among the methods used to determine tannin. By the laboratory practice, the Folin Denis method - CNPSA may be the most recomended method.

Desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com ingrediente de alta digestibilidade nas fases de criação pré-inicial e inicial

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the diet, with the inclusion of an energetic-protein nucleus (EPN) composed of highly digestible ingredients, on the productive performance and carcass traits of broiler chicks. The nucleus was composed by degummed soybean oil, pre-gelatinized corn, twice-processed soybean, mannanoligosaccharides and peptides. The total of 864 male AgRoss 508 broiler, with one day of age, were weighed individually and distributed in a randomized block design. Treatments consisted of: T1, control, 0% EPN; T2, 7% EPN (1-7 days) and 3.5% EPN (8-21 days); T3, 14% EPN (1-7 days) and 7% EPN (8-21 days); and T4, 21% EPN (1-7 days) and 10.5% EPN (8-21 days of age). At 21 days of age, body weight, weight gain, average feed intake, feed conversion and carcass and cut-ups yield were not significantly affected by treatments. The EPN inclusion in the diets did not influence the performance, carcass traits and cut-ups of broilers.

Suplementação de extrato de levedura na dieta de poedeiras: qualidade de ovos

This study aimed to evaluate levels (0, 1, 2 and 3%) of yeast extract product (NuPro®) on internal and external quality of eggs. A total of 240 Hy Line W36 layers (47 to 75 weeks of age) were allocated in 60 cages (4 birds per cage) and divided into 15 cages per treatment. Egg weight, specific gravity, shell weight and thickness, albumen height, Haugh units, and yolk and albumen weight were evaluated. Data were subjected to ANOVA and polynomial regression. A p<0.05 was required for statements of significance. Specific gravity and eggshell weight were statistically influenced by dietary yeast extract. Results indicated that addition of 1.4% NuPro® resulted in better specific gravity.

EFEITO DO ADSORVENTE A BASE DE GLUCOMAMANO ESTERIFICADO NO DESEMPENHO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO VISCERAL DE FRANGOS DE CORTE

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do uso de um adsorvente de micotoxinas constituido a base de glucomanano esterificado (GME) adicionados a dieta a base de milho e soja contaminados com aflatoxina (AF) sobre o desempenho, caracteristicas de carcaca e lesao macroscopicas de orgaos viscerais de frangos de corte. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com 2 niveis de AF e 2 niveis de GME, ou seja, 4 tratamentos de 7 repeticoes com 28 aves cada, totalizando 784 aves. Aves alimentadas com dietas contendo aflatoxina apresentaram menor no ganho de peso, consumo de racao, aumento do peso relativo do baco, coracao, moela e proventriculo e maior incidencia de lesoes no baco quando comparadas com aves recebendo dietas sem contaminacao por aflatoxina . Nao houve efeito significativo do adsorvente a base de glucomanano esterificado sobre as variaveis de desempenho, caracteristicas de carcaca, peso relativo dos orgaos e percentagem de lesao macroscopica nos orgaos, com excecao da mortalidade (P dietas contaminado com aflatoxina afeta negativamente o desempenho produtivo, caracteristicas de carcaca e orgaos de frangos de corte e que a inclusao do adsorvente GME em dietas de frangos de corte contendo milho contaminado com AF nao alterou o desempenho e caracteristicas de carcaca de frangos de corte. Palavras-chave: aflatoxina , adsorvente , consumo de racao, ganho de peso, lesao macroscopica ABSTRACT The objective of this study was evaluate the effect of sterified glucomannan adsorbent of mycotoxin add to corn-soy diets contaminated with aflatoxin (AF) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and macroscopic lesion on visceral organs of broiler chickens. A total of 784 birds were subjected to a completely randomized block design, including 4 treatments and 7 replicates with 28 birds each per treatment. The birds receiving diets contaminated with AF showed lower body weight gain, feed consumption, higher relative spleen, heart, gizzard and proventriculus weight and higher spleen lesions compared with birds receiving diets without AF. Performance, carcass characteristics, relative organ weight and macroscopic organ lesion were not affected by dietary treatments exception to mortality (P supplementation with sterified glucomannan in diets with AF no affect the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers chickens. Keywords: aflatoxin , adsorbent, feed intake, weight gain, macroscopic lesion.