Paulo Gadelha

Zika virus and microcephaly in Brazil: a scientific agenda

Liberado em acesso aberto como parte de acordo para tornar publico todos os dados produzidos sobre o virus zika - Compartilhamento de dados em emergencias de saude publica - http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/News/Media-office/Press-releases/2016/WTP060169.htm

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz: experiência centenária em biologia e saúde pública

This article describes the role of Fiocruz in the area of health-related science and technology, focusing in particular on its planning and management model, as well as the main principles of its institutional programs in the areas of technological research and development, teaching, production, referral and assistance services, information and communication, and institutional development.

Commentary: Carlos Chagas—predecessor of Epidemiology in Brazil

Science 1995;302:1172–75. 3 Cohen JE. Population and planet: the twentieth century and the twenty-first. Harv Mag 1999;102:38–40. 4 Lewinsohn R. Prophet in his own country. Carlos Chagas and the Nobel Prize. Perspect Biol Med 2003;46:532–49. 5 Morel CM. Chagas disease, from discovery to control and beyond: History, myths and lessons to take home. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999;94(Suppl I):3–16. 6 Wendel S, Brenner Z. Historical aspects. In: Wendel S, Brener Z, Camargo ME, Rassi A (eds). Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Its impact on Transfusion and Clinical Medicine. Sao Paulo: International Society for Blood Transfusion, 1992. pp. 5–12. 7 Dias E, Pellegrino J. Alguns ensaios com o gammexane no combate aos transmissores da doença de Chagas. Brasil Méd 1948;62:185–91. 8 Romaña C, Abalos JW. Acción del ‘Gammexane’ sobre los triatomideos. ‘Control’ domiciliario. An Inst Med Reg (Tucumán) 1948;2:95–106. 9 World Health Organization. World Health Report 2004: Changing History. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004. Available at: http://www.who.int/whr/2004/en/ (Accessed May 30, 2007). 10 Dias JCP, Silveira AC, Schofield CJ. The impact of Chagas disease control in Latin America: a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002;97:603–12. 11 Silveira AC. El control de la enfermedad de Chagas en los paı́ses del Cono Sur de América. Historia de una iniciativa internacional. 1991-2001. In: Silveira AC, Rojas de Arias A, Guillén G, Russomando G, Schenone H (eds). Uberaba: Facultad de Medicina do Triangulo Mineiro, 2002. 12 Division of Control of Tropical Diseases. Chagas Disease: A Disease whose Days are Numbered. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1996. 13 World Health Organization. Control of Chagas Disease. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2002. 14 Anonymous. New global effort to eliminate Chagas disease. Partners set out strategy against the ’kissing bug’ disease. Available at: http://www.who.int/media centre/news/releases/2007/pr36/en/index.html (Accessed December 27, 2007). 15 Schofield CJ, Jannin J, Salvatella R. The future of Chagas disease control. Trends Parasitol 2006;22:583–88. 16 Gürtler RE, Kitron U, Cecere MC, Segura EL, Cohen JE. Sustainable vector control and management of Chagas disease in the Gran Chaco, Argentina. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104:16194–99. 17 Schmunis GA, Cruz JR. Safety of the blood supply in Latin America. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005;18:12–29. 18 Tarleton RL, Reithinger R, Urbina JA, Kitron U, Gürtler RE. The challenges of Chagas disease—grim outlook or glimmer of hope. PLoS Med 2007;4:1852–57. 19 Viotti R, Vigliano C, Lococo B et al. Long-term cardiac outcomes of treating chronic Chagas disease with benznidazole versus no treatment: a nonrandomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:724–34. 20 Rassi A Jr, Rassi A, Little WC et al. Development and validation of a risk score for predicting death in Chagas’ heart disease. N Engl J Med 2006;355:799–808. 21 Yadón ZE, Gürtler RE, Tobar F, Medici AC. Decentralization and Management of Communicable Disease Control in Latin America. Buenos Aires: Pan American Health Organization, 2007. Available at: http://www.paho.org/ English/ad/dpc/cd/res-descentralizacion.htm (Accessed November 4, 2007). 22 Gürtler RE, Segura EL, Cohen JE. Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Argentina. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9:29–32.

Conferência Nacional de Saúde: desafios para o país

O presente artigo, publicado no contexto da realizacao da 15a Conferencia Nacional de Saude (15a CNS), aborda os desafios do pais na area da saude a partir do historico das conferencias anteriores. Buscou-se contemplar a evolucao da saude como pauta de politicas publicas, observando a atuacao de instituicoes como o Centro Brasileiro de Estudos de Saude (CEBES), a Associacao Brasileira de Saude Coletiva (Abrasco) e o Conselho Nacional de Saude na defesa e constituicao do Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS). Ha, tambem, destaque para as expectativas em torno da 15a CNS e sua realizacao em um cenario politico e economico que traz diversos questionamentos e desafios, tanto em relacao ao futuro da politica de saude exemplificada atraves do SUS, quanto em relacao a capacidade de mobilizacao de atores neste cenario.This article was published in the context of the upcoming 15th Brazilian National Health Conference and addresses the countrys health challenges based on the history of previous conferences. The authors analyze the evolution of health as a public policy agenda, highlighting the role of such institutions as the Brazilian Center for Health Studies (CEBES), the Brazilian Association of Collective Health (Abrasco), and the National Health Council in advocating and establishing the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). The article also focuses on expectations concerning the 15th National Health Conference within a political and economic scenario that raises questions and challenges both for the future of health policy, exemplified by SUS, and the current capacity to mobilize stakeholders.

The strategic role of Fiocruz in the context of Brazil's National Policy for Science, Technology, and Innovation in Health

Health is both an essential dimension of conditions for citizenship and a central part of an extremely limited set of production and innovation systems that define the future possibilities for countries to achieve development and overcome the heavy inequalities characterizing the global context. In contemporary world history, only countries that have succeeded in establishing endogenous innovation bases have managed to overcome the barriers of backwardness and position themselves as sovereign nations to set the course for their own development. The area of science, technology, and innovation in health shows a deep and growing asymmetry in the generation of health knowledge. Of the total world research and development effort in health, 96% of expenditures are concentrated in the developed nations, with only 4% in medium and low-income countries like Brazil. The health goods and services industry accounts for the majority of these R&D activities in the developed countries, following a logic that is invariably disconnected from social needs and national health innovation systems in countries like Brazil. The utilization of health research conducted inside Brazil is extremely weak, raising a huge challenge for transforming our productive sector in order for it to become significantly involved in high-intensity activities in terms of knowledge and innovation, meanwhile linked to the country’s social needs. We have just witnessed the strong dynamism of Brazil’s scientific output, with a 56% increase from 2007 to 2008 and the country moving from 15 th to 13th place in the international ranking of scientific articles. This science output represents 2.12% of world production (http://www.sciencewatch.com), or nearly double Brazil’s proportional share of the global GDP, with health as one of the country’s principal research areas. Brazil’s main dilemma is that it has qualified researchers and a consolidated science and technology base in health, in addition to a broad and diversified base for the production of goods and services in health (unparalleled in Latin America), but relatively little productive advantage is taken of the knowledge generated thereby in order to meet the population’s needs. In dealing with this situation, the country also has a state structure that was weakened by the prevailing view during the neo-liberal period. Innovation and development cannot exist without breaking the shackles of a backward structure. Innovation requires an innovative state, and we are offering Fiocruz to society as an advanced field for experimentation with new forms of state action, as an institution that is both democratic, flexible, networked, and devoted to transformation. In this context, Fiocruz submits its proposal to Brazilian society to serve as a strategic state institution that follows the example set by Oswaldo Cruz in order to allow harmonizing Brazilian health science with the Brazilian population’s needs and establishing an endogenous base for innovation. Fiocruz thus embraces its mission as anchor in the national health development process, in partnership with other Brazilian institutions, helping form a technical, scientific, productive, and political network at the national and international levels. The ultimate goal of a strategy for science, technology, and innovation in health is to contribute to the objectives of Health Reform in Brazil. The challenge is huge and requires profound changes in the relationship between research, innovation, and production, but we are confident that the current context presents an opportunity for Brazil’s inclusion in a new development standard that combines competitiveness, innovation, equity, and the guarantee of the population’s universal access to strategic goods, services, and knowledge in health.

Conferencia Nacional de Salud: retos para el país

O presente artigo, publicado no contexto da realizacao da 15a Conferencia Nacional de Saude (15a CNS), aborda os desafios do pais na area da saude a partir do historico das conferencias anteriores. Buscou-se contemplar a evolucao da saude como pauta de politicas publicas, observando a atuacao de instituicoes como o Centro Brasileiro de Estudos de Saude (CEBES), a Associacao Brasileira de Saude Coletiva (Abrasco) e o Conselho Nacional de Saude na defesa e constituicao do Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS). Ha, tambem, destaque para as expectativas em torno da 15a CNS e sua realizacao em um cenario politico e economico que traz diversos questionamentos e desafios, tanto em relacao ao futuro da politica de saude exemplificada atraves do SUS, quanto em relacao a capacidade de mobilizacao de atores neste cenario.This article was published in the context of the upcoming 15th Brazilian National Health Conference and addresses the countrys health challenges based on the history of previous conferences. The authors analyze the evolution of health as a public policy agenda, highlighting the role of such institutions as the Brazilian Center for Health Studies (CEBES), the Brazilian Association of Collective Health (Abrasco), and the National Health Council in advocating and establishing the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). The article also focuses on expectations concerning the 15th National Health Conference within a political and economic scenario that raises questions and challenges both for the future of health policy, exemplified by SUS, and the current capacity to mobilize stakeholders.

[The Brazilian National Health Conference: challenges for the country].

O presente artigo, publicado no contexto da realizacao da 15a Conferencia Nacional de Saude (15a CNS), aborda os desafios do pais na area da saude a partir do historico das conferencias anteriores. Buscou-se contemplar a evolucao da saude como pauta de politicas publicas, observando a atuacao de instituicoes como o Centro Brasileiro de Estudos de Saude (CEBES), a Associacao Brasileira de Saude Coletiva (Abrasco) e o Conselho Nacional de Saude na defesa e constituicao do Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS). Ha, tambem, destaque para as expectativas em torno da 15a CNS e sua realizacao em um cenario politico e economico que traz diversos questionamentos e desafios, tanto em relacao ao futuro da politica de saude exemplificada atraves do SUS, quanto em relacao a capacidade de mobilizacao de atores neste cenario.This article was published in the context of the upcoming 15th Brazilian National Health Conference and addresses the countrys health challenges based on the history of previous conferences. The authors analyze the evolution of health as a public policy agenda, highlighting the role of such institutions as the Brazilian Center for Health Studies (CEBES), the Brazilian Association of Collective Health (Abrasco), and the National Health Council in advocating and establishing the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). The article also focuses on expectations concerning the 15th National Health Conference within a political and economic scenario that raises questions and challenges both for the future of health policy, exemplified by SUS, and the current capacity to mobilize stakeholders.

International symposium on the Centennial of the discovery of Chagas disease

The Centennial of Chagas disease discovery arouses in us two different feelings: pride for the scientist Carlos Chagas, one of the founder fathers of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, who marked the history of science and health in Brazil and worldwide, and responsibility to face the challenges still imposed by this disease. In this sense, it is with great honor that we present this special issue of Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, whose articles were written by former researchers and presented at the International Symposium on the Centennial Discovery of Chagas Disease.