Paulo Renato Schneider

Efeito do espaçamento e da adubação no crescimento de um clone de Eucalyptus saligna Smith.

In this research, the spacing (3 x 2, 3 x 3 and 3 x 4 m) and fertilization (400 and 800 kg/ha) effects on growth of Eucalyptus saligna clone were studied. The growth in diameter at breast height (Dbh), height (h) and volume per tree were studied from ages between three and ten years, using the Backman’s function. By covariance analysis it was possible to verify that the treatments with the same spacing showed same growth pattern, for all variables. During all observed period, the fertilization treatment had no effect on mostly of the studied characteristics. The factor spacing had outstanding influence in the growth in diameter and commercial volume without bark per tree. Only the trees under the smallest spacing showed a trend of growing slowly in height over time. The volume yield per ha without bark was smaller for the treatments with larger spacing. No differences in volumetric production were found between the two smaller spacings.

O crescimento da Nectandra megapotamica Mez., em floresta nativa na depressão central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

This work was carried out with the objective of studying the growth in diameter, commercial volume, form factor, mean annual increment of the commercial volume in percentage for two dominant trees of Nectandra megapotamica, in a Decidual Seasonal Forest, located in the municipal district of Santa Maria in the central depression of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data were obtained from stem analysis and the growth trend in diameter, commercial volume, form factor and mean annual increment of the commercial volume in percentage, were fitted using the models of Mitscherlich & Sontag (1982), Backman (1943), Richards (1959), and a second degree parabolic model. The adjustment of the models indicated that for the diameter and commercial volume, the best model was that one from Mitscherlich & Sontag, for tree number one and for tree number two, the Richards model presented better adjustment. For the mean annual increment of the commercial volume in percentage, the best model was that one from Backmam, being the parabolic model better for the form factor .

DETERMINAÇÃO INDIRETA DO ESTOQUE DE BIOMASSA E CARBONO EM POVOAMENTOS DE ACÁCIA-NEGRA (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.)

This work was carried out to estimate the carbon storage in even-aged stands of Acacia mearnsii De Wild., in the region of the Southeast Lower Hillside, in Rio Grande do Sul, by the method of derivation of volume and carbon. The biomass components and carbon content were measured in stands 4 to 8-year-old. The method of derivation of volume and carbon was efficient to determine the carbon storage, since the average relative difference was only 4.4%, when considering the whole sample, and independent from stands age. The mean wood basic density found was 0.6 g/cm 3 , regardless of stand age. The mean biomass ratio of the barked-volume to the volume of leaves, branches, litter, and roots was found to be 0.59, independent of stand age. The mean carbon concentration, regardless stand age, was 0.40. The estimated carbon storage by the method of volume and carbon derivation, for 7-year-old stands, was 99.46 t ha -1 , in site index 20; 82.89 t ha -1 , in site index 16; and 46.13 t ha -1 , in site index 12.

Efeito da intensidade de desbaste nas características dendrométricas e tecnológicas da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of different thinning intensities in the dendrometric and technological characteristics of 14 years-old Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden wood sited in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul. Randomized blocks experiment, with four treatments (T1 = 1638 trees/ha; T2 = 1150 trees/ha; T4 = 589 trees/ha and T8 = 192 trees/ha) and four repetitions was analyzed. The trees were selected on the basis of the dominant and average diameter of each treatment. After cutting down, trees were measured and the volume was determined by the Smalian method, disks were taken at the base 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the commercial height, and at the DBH (diameter at breast height), for basic density, dry mass and radial shrinkage determination. In relation to the dendrometric characteristics, results indicate that the application of more severe thinning caused significant gain in diameter at breast height, height and volume in average trees, not influencing the dominant ones. Concerning the technological characteristics, results indicate that the basic density of the average trees was influenced by thinning; however, without presenting clear trend regarding the intensity of the intervention. The production of dry mass of the average trees increased with the thinning intensity and did not affect the production of the dominant trees. The radial shrinkage of the dominant and average trees grew up in the pith-to-bark direction, not being modified by thinning intensity. Results allow concluding that the silvicultural interventions applied in the forest influence wood quality.

Crescimento da acácia-negra, Acacia mearnsii De Wild em diferentes espaçamentos.

In the present work the influence of initial spacing on growth of Acacia mearnsii de Wild was studied. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks with five treatments and four repetitions defined by spacing between plants of 1 x 1m, 2 x 1m, 3 x 1m, 3 x 1,33 m and 3 x 2 m. The results allowed the conclusion that the smaller the spacing the larger the production of wood with bark on a per hectare basis; however this happenned with Smaller men diameter. The growth of diameter and total height was directly proportional to spacing, but basal area, volume outside bark and weight of the green bark per hectare were inversely proportional to spacing. Dominant height was not affected by the spacings used.

Qualidade de chapas de partículas de madeira aglomerada fabricadas com resíduos de uma indústria de celulose.

The objective of this work was to investigate the quality of particleboards made with Eucalyptus saligna wood residues, resulting from the chiping of logs for pulp production. The boards were producted with two types of residues, sticks and sawdust, used pure. The adhesive used was urea-formaldehyde resin in proportions of 4, 8 and 12% (based on ovendry weight of wood particles) and the nominal densities were 0.55, 0.65 and 0.75 g/cm 3 . Bending properties, internal bond, screw withdrawal, water absorption and thickness swelling ware evaluated. The results indicated that the bending properties, internal bond and screw withdrawal were slightly higher with the sawdust type residue than boards made with sticktype residue. For water absorption, the values increased with the reduction of the density, for both type of particles. Thickness swelling increased with the reduction of resin proportion, independent of the type of residue used. Results showed that using both particles type with larger resin proportion and larger densities, boards with acceptable quality can be made.

Utilização de variáveis dummy em equações de volume para Acacia mearnsii De Wild.

This work was accomplished with the objective of selecting a volume equation with the use of dummy variables for Acacia mearnsii De Wild, in the area of Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul. In the study there were sampled 750 trees distributed in three places, in ages varying from 3,5 to 7,5 years. The statistical parameters indicated the Stoate Model as the one with the best precision. The fit of this equation with the use of dummy variables was shown to be efficient because it allowed to identify tree growth differences among places, which suggest that the fit of volume equations should be separate to each place, as a way of minimizing errors of volume estimation.

Propriedades físicas de chapas de partículas aglomeradas fabricadas com resíduos de processamento mecânico da madeira de Pinus elliotii Engelm.

The objective of this research was the investigation of dimensional stability of particleboard made with slash pine wood residues. The boards were manufactured with chips and shaves, resulting from sawmill and planermill industries, respectively, used pure or mixed. The adhesive used was urea-formaldehyde in proportions of 4, 8 and 12%, based on the ovendry weight of the particles. Board density investigated were 0.6 and 0.7 g/cm 3 . The properties evaluated were water absorption and thickness swelling. The best boards were those made of shaves glued with 8 and 12% adhesive content.

Determinação das deformações residuais longitudinais decorrentes das tensões de crescimento em Eucalyptus spp.

This study was carried out to determine the longitudinal residual strain (DRL) resulting from growth stress in standing trees, in different clones of Eucalyptus spp. Twelve clones of 9-year-Eucalyptus spp. were selected by basal area (G). From each clone, 12 trees of each clone were selected, and the following variables were measured: basic density (DB), bark thickness (EC), diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height (H). The measurements of DRL were performed in living trees, using an extensometer(Growth Strain Gauge), according to the CIRAD-Foret method. Readings were taken at four locations around the tree trunk. In relation to the levels of DRL, the results obtained in the study indicated that the clones showed large variations among themselves, presenting values considered high ones when compared with the results found in literature. The clone 8 was distinguished by having the lowest levels of strain and was considered as a suitable and recommended material for the production of solid wood and for breeding programs. On

Modelos de afilamento para o sortimento do fuste de Pinus taeda L

This research had as objective to evaluate different taper models for Pinus taeda and select the best one to estimate variables of interest throughout the stem. The functions proposed by Anony, Kozak, Munro, Silva & Sterba, Prodan and the 5° degree Polynomial were evaluated. With data from rigorous cubage of 68 trees, with 25 years old, coming from plantation of Florestal Gateados Ltda, located, in the city of Campo Belo do Sul, SC, Brazil. Based on the statistics adjusted coefficient of determination (R2aj), standard error of estimates (Syx), bias, average of differences (md) and standard deviation of the differences (dpd) was selected the Polynomial of 5th degree to estimate as the commercial high, commercial volume and the diameters of the 1st and 2nd logs. The commercial heigh results without tendencies with errors oscillating in a small interval, and by the commercial volume a certain tendency of underestimate trees with smaller DAP, and a light tendency for those trees with bigger dap can be observed. Regarding the diameter and volume of the first log an overestimate of the values occurred, but with small errors, mainly for the diameter. For the estimates of the diameter and volume of the second log the results were better than those found for the first log, with light underestimate tendency of the diameter and, practically, without tendency for the volume.