Paulo Roberto Megna Francisco

MAPPING OF PEDOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF SOILS FOR CULTIVATION OF THE SUGAR CANE (Saccharum spp) IN PARAÍBA STATE USING GEOTECHNOLOGIES

Agricultural planning, as a precept of environmental policy, is an instrument of great importance in the process of managing the rural space and agricultural activity. This work aimed to identify and map the soil information of the lands of the State of Paraiba for the sugar cane cultivation, aiming to recognize the potential of the physical environment. In the methodology, the Agricultural Zoning of the State of Paraiba and the digital map of soils were used in a data base elaborated in the software SPRING 5.2.2, extracted the pedological information of the soils and elaborated the pedological potential. The results showed that with the use of geoprocessing techniques it was possible the spatialization of the areas and the definition of the favorable environments of potential of the culture contributing to the reduction of the risks of degradation of the environment; The State of Paraiba presents a greater pedological potential for the cultivation of sugarcane in 10.04% of its total area; The areas identified as Very Low Potential correspond to 54.52% of the total area distributed throughout the State; The Argisols present the smallest and the Neosols the greatest impediments to the development of the culture; It was not possible to map smaller areas due to the scale of work, with the possibility of cultivating the sugar cane cultivation in small areas not identified in this study.

Mapeamento do Potencial Pedoclimático da Cultura do Feijão Caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) para o Estado da Paraíba (Mapping of pedoclimatic potential to cultivation of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) for the Paraíba State)

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial pedoclimatico do Estado da Paraiba para a cultura agricola do feijao caupi. Na obtencao dos mapas de potencial pedoclimatico, as informacoes do potencial dos solos foram cruzadas com as obtidas da aptidao climatica considerando tres cenarios pluviometricos: anos chuvosos, regulares e secos. O cruzamento das informacoes foi realizado por meio de tecnicas de geoprocessamento utilizando o software SPRING e obtendo-se os mapas do potencial pedoclimatico. O resultado das interpretacoes foi classificado em cinco classes de potencial pedoclimatico: Muito Alto, Alto, Medio, Baixo e Muito Baixo. Os resultados demonstraram que areas com potencial pedoclimatico Baixo e Muito Baixo representam mais de 50% da area, o que sugere que outros usos da terra sejam desenvolvidos, como a pecuaria extensiva com utilizacao de pastagem natural; As areas com potencial pedoclimatico Alto encontram-se principalmente na regiao do Litoral; Areas de potencial Muito Baixo diminuem conforme o cenario se modifica do seco ao chuvoso, e as areas de potencial Alto tambem diminuem conforme a mudanca dos cenarios; Devido a escala de trabalho 1:200.000 pequenas areas nao mapeadas podem apresentar potencial pedoclimatico favoravel ao desenvolvimento da cultura. Normal 0 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Tabela normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ansi-language:PT-BR; mso-fareast-language:PT-BR;} A B S T R A C T This study aimed to evaluate the potential of the soil and climate of Paraiba State for crop of cowpea. In obtaining the pedoclimatic potential maps, the soil potential of information obtained were combined with the obtained climate suitability considering three rainfall scenarios: wet years, dry and regular. The crossing of the information was carried out through geoprocessing techniques using the SPRING software and obtaining maps of soil and climate potential. The result of the interpretations was classified into five pedoclimatic potential classes: Very High, High, Medium, Low and Very Low. The results showed that areas with potential soil and climate Low and Very Low for cowpea represent more than 50% of the study area which suggests that other land uses are developed, such as extensive livestock farming with the use of natural pasture; Areas with potential soil and climate High although small, are mainly in the Litoral region; Potential areas Very Low decrease as the scenery changes from dry to rainy, and high potential areas also decrease as the change of scenery due to cowpea; Because the working scale of 1:200.000 small areas not mapped may have potential soil and climate favorable to the development of culture. Keywords: Geotechnology, land use planning, pedological potential, rain probability, climate aptitude.

Balanço Hídrico e Erosividade em Função das Mudanças Climáticas no Estado da Paraíba (Water balance and erosivity on climate change function in the state of Paraiba)

Na metodologia foram utilizados dados de precipitacao climatologica media mensal e anual disponibilizados pela AESA do periodo de 1912 a 2014. Os dados de temperatura foram estimados pelo Software Estima_T e com os dados obtidos foram elaborados cenarios cenario otimista e cenario pessimista e aplicou-se o metodo do balanco hidrico com o valor de referencia de 100mm para as seis regioes homogeneas do Estado da Paraiba e elaborou a erosividade. Os resultados demonstraram que as ETP apresentaram aumentos em todas as regioes e nos tres cenarios; as EVR mantiveram-se em reducoes nos dois cenarios B2 e A2; as deficiencias e os excedentes hidricos sofreram oscilacoes de altos e baixos para todos os cenarios; foi verificados reducoes da erosividade em todas as regioes de estudo; o fator R foi de 43.776,3 MJ mm.ha-1.ano-1, no Litoral; 25.135,1 MJ mm.ha-1.ano-1, no Agreste; 30.675,9 MJ mm.ha-1.ano-1, no Brejo; 17.361,8 MJ mm.ha-1.ano-1, Cariri/Curimatau; 24.140,5 MJ mm.ha-1.ano-1, Sertao e Alto Sertao 27.326,9 MJ mm.ha-1.ano-1. A B S T R A C T In the methodology we used data of monthly and yearly average climatological precipitation provided by the AESA of the period 1912 to 2014. The temperature data were estimated by Estima_T software and data were elaborated scenarios optimistic and pessimistic scenario and applied the method water balance with the 100mm reference value for the six homogeneous regions of the State of Paraiba and elaborated the erosivity. The results showed that the ETP have developed increases in all regions and in all three scenarios; the EVR remained in reductions in both scenarios A2 and B2; deficiencies and water surplus have suffered ups and downs fluctuations for all scenarios; erosivity reductions was observed in all study regions; the R factor was 43.776,3 MJ mm.ha -1 .yr -1 , in Litoral; 25.135,1 MJ mm.ha -1 .yr -1 , in Agreste; 30.675,9 MJ mm.ha -1 .yr -1 , in Brejo; 17.361,8 MJ mm.ha -1 .yr -1 , Cariri/Curimatau; 24.140,5 MJ mm.ha -1 .yr -1 , Sertao and Alto Sertao 27.326,9 MJ mm.ha -1 .yr -1 . Keywords: Climatic factors, Field capacity, Availability Hydro, Thermal fluctuations.