Paulo Vilela Cruz

Callibaetis Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Brazil

Callibaetis Eaton remains poorly known in South America. Some of the species in the genus are difficult to identify with confidence and most are known only at the adult stage. In this paper we increase the number of species known to occur in Brazil from 11 to 18; diagnoses of species are improved; five new species are described based on nymphs and reared adults of both genders (C. calloventer sp. nov., C. cruentus sp. nov., C. gelidus sp. nov., C. itannae sp. nov., C. nigracyclus sp. nov.); first records of two species are reported from Brazil (C. gonzalezi and C. sellacki); descriptions of unknown stages are made (C. gonzalezi male imago and C. jocosus nymph); redescriptions of known stage are provided for male and female imago of C. jocosus. Based on these data, keys for nymph, male and female imago are proposed for Brazil. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:019D55A5-8979-4D9A-BB16-CB1451C8DF1B

Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from northeastern Brazil

New records and notes on the distribution of the family Baetidae are presented. The following genera are reported for this region: Americabaetis , Apobaetis , Aturbina , Baetodes , Callibaetis , Camelobaetidius , Cloeodes , Cryptonympha , Guajirolus , Paracloeodes , Rivudiva , Spiritiops , Waltzoyphius and Zelusia . With the results of the present study, the Northeast Region of Brazil ceases to be one of Brazil’s five geographic regions with the least-known Baetidae fauna to become the region with the second highest number of known species in the family, increasing the number from 15 to 36 species.

Apobaetis Day (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from northern Brazil: description of a new species and of the male imago of A. fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz

A new species of Apobaetis is described based on nymphs and male imago, and the male imago of A. fiuzai. Specimens were collected in the state of Amazonas, northern region of Brazil. Apobaetis hamadae sp. n. can be easily distinguished from the other congeners by the following combination of characteristics: male imago: (1) abdominal colour pattern; (2) area between forceps not excavated medially. Nymphs: (1) distal margin of labrum with shallow medial emargination and with four to five spatulated setae near midline; (2) maxillary palp 1.4× longer than galea-lacinia; (3) tarsal claws 1.2× times longer than tarsus. The male imago of A. fiuzai can be easily distinguished by the following characteristics: (1) abdominal colour pattern; (2) area between segments I of forceps with a deep V emargination.

Phylogeny of Callibaetis (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) based on morphology of nymphs and adults

Callibaetis is considered to be one of the most problematic genera among mayflies by a series of taxonomic inaccuracies that have accumulated over the last two centuries. Despite these taxonomic problems, two independent hypotheses of species groups have been proposed. In the first hypothesis, three species groups for North America were proposed, and in the second, three species groups were proposed for South American. In these hypotheses, the generic delimitation and monophyly of Callibaetis have not been evaluated under a cladistic framework. Taking this into account, the objectives of this study were to verify the monophyly of Callibaetis and whether the groups of species proposed for the genus are corroborated as natural. The matrix included 128 morphological characters and one habitat character, 119 discrete characters were compiled (101 of nymphs and 18 of adults), and six imaginal characters are related to pigmentation pattern. Continuous characters were ratios and were represented by 10 characters (nine for nymphs and one for adults). The data set was analysed under implied weights. Group support was estimated with relative Bremer support and frequency differences. The results corroborated the monophyletic nature of Callibaetis and the generic status of Callibaetoides; however, the groups proposed for North and South American Callibaetis species were not corroborated. Our study indicated four groups of species for the genus, which we proposed as subgenera: Callibaetis, Abaetetuba subgen. n. Aiso subgen. n. and Cunhaporanga subgen. n.

New Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) Records from Venezuela and Nymph Description of an Unnamed Fallceon Species

The Ephemeroptera fauna in Venezuela is poorly known, as is also the case in others areas in South America. Recently, two studies increased from 33 to 50 the number of species recorded in Venezuela. The objective of the present study is to report for the first time in Venezuela the following species: Baetodes levis; Camelobaetidius edmundsi; Fallceon sp.; Mayobaetis ellenae. The nymph of Fallceon sp. is described, but is not named because adults were not reared to allow species identification; however, description of this nymph indicates the presence of this genus in South America.

Contribution to the taxonomy of Paracloeodes Day 1955 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from South America

In recent decades, major advances in the systematics of the Western Hemisphere genus Paracloeodes Day have been made in South America. Despite the taxonomic progress, uncertainties in identification remain due to the morphological similarities among some nymphs and due to the general lack of knowledge of the imago stages (only 4 of 20 are described from throughout the range of the genus). This study addresses these impediments in part through description of the male imagoes of six species (P. atroari Nieto Salles, P. binodulus Lugo-Ortiz McCafferty, P. ibicui Lugo-Ortiz McCafferty, P. pacawara Nieto Salles, P. peri Nieto Salles, P. waimiri Nieto Salles), description of two new species based on morphologically distinct nymphs (P. aristotelesi sp. n. and P. carolinae sp. n.), description of one new species based on morphologically distinct nymph and male imago (P. prismatobranchus sp. n.); redescription of three species based on type material (P. ibicui Lugo-Ortiz McCafferty, P. leptobranchus Lugo-Ortiz McCafferty and P. eurybranchus Lugo-Ortiz McCafferty); proposal of one new synonym based on morphological analyses of specimens from Bolivia, Brazil and Uruguay, including type specimens (P. pacawara = P. morellii Emmerich Nieto); and the presentation of a new key to identify nymphs from South America to the species level.

Four new species of Callibaetis Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), nymphal description of Callibaetis ( Abaetetuba ) fasciatus (Pictet) and keys for South American species of Callibaetis

The first phylogenetic study of Callibaetis Eaton indicated an unrevealed diversity in this genus, including four new species named as Callibaetis sp. A, B, C and D, and the undescribed nymph of Callibaetis (Abaetetuba) fasciatus (Pictet). Given that neither the nymph of C. (Ab.) fasciatus nor the four new species received a proper description, the objective of this study is to describe them. The nymph of C. (Ab.) fasciatus differs from the others species in the subgenus by the presence of one row of setae on basal part of inner-dorsal row of maxilla and metanotum without spines; Callibaetis sp. A is described as Callibaetis (Abaetetuba) cochlea sp. nov. and differs from the others species in the subgenus by having trapezoid segment III of labial palp in nymphs; Callibaetis sp. B is described as Callibaetis (Aiso) calophenigyn sp. nov. and differs from the others species in the subgenus by the absence of stout setae on dorsal surface of glossa in nymphs, and from the others species in the genus by the forewing with red C and Sc areas in female imago; Callibaetis sp. D is described as Callibaetis (Callibaetis) molinerii sp. nov. and differs from the others species in the subgenus, from South America, by the maxilla with tuft of stout setae on outer margin proximad of palp insertion and paraglossa without row of stout setae on ventral surface; Callibaetis sp. C is described as Callibaetis (Cunhaporanga) imperator sp. nov. and differs from the others species in the subgenus by the presence of a complete row of setae on outer margin of maxilla. Additionally, new keys for species of Callibaetis from South America are proposed.

Additions and corrections to the systematics of mayfly species assigned to the genus Callibaetis Eaton 1881 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from South America

Due to historical taxonomic impediments, species of Callibaetis Eaton are difficult to identify. Recent studies have attempted to resolve this problem, although many species still lack complete descriptions; nymphs of several species remain undetermined; and type specimens are lost or poorly known. Given these hindrances, the aim of this study is to review some of the type specimens of Callibaetis from South America. This review provides a series of taxonomic additions and corrections supported by improved morphological evaluations, illustrations and photographs of Callibaetis camposi Navás, C. (Abaetetuba) capixaba Cruz, Salles & Hamada, C. gregarius Navás, C. (C.) guttatus Navás, C. jaffueli Navás, C. (C.) jocosus Navás, C. nigrivenosus Banks, C. (A.) pollens Needham & Murphy, C. (C.) radiatus Navás, C. (A.) sellacki (Weyenbergh), C. stictogaster Navás, C. (C.) viviparus Needham & Murphy, C. (C.) willineri Navás, and C. (C.) zonalis Navás. From among these species, C. stictogaster and C. jaffueli are revalidated; C. nigrivenosus and C. gregarius are designated as nomina dubia; C. (C.) fluminensis Cruz, Salles & Hamada is proposed as a junior subjective synonym of C. (C.) zonalis; and C. gloriosus Navás is proposed as a junior subjective synonym of C. (A.) sellacki (Weyenbergh). Lectotypes are designated for C. camposi, C. jaffueli, C. (C.) radiatus and C. stictogaster.

A new species of Tricorythopsis Traver, 1958 (Leptohyphidae) and occurrence of Pannota (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) species in Amapá state, Brazil

The objectives of this study were to describe a new species of Tricorythopsis based on adults, and to report for the first time the following species and genera in Amapá state, Brazil: Amanahyphes saguassu Salles & Molineri, Macunahyphes australis (Banks), Macunahyphes pemonensis Molineri, Grillet, Nieto, Dominguez & Guerrero, Tricorythodes yapekuna Belmont, Salles & Hamada, Tricorythopsis faeculopsis Belmont, Salles & Hamada, Tricorythopsis pseudogibbus Dias & Salles, Tricorythopsis rondoniensis (Dias, Cruz & Ferreira), Tricorythopsis yucupe Dias, Salles & Ferreira (Leptohyphidae), Coryphorus aquilus Peters (Coryphoridae) and Brasilocaenis (Caenidae). Macunahyphes pemonensis is recorded for the first time in Brazil. Tricorythopsis yusuaia sp. nov., can be distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characteristics: abdomen with black and reddish marks, a strongly sclerotized spine present on the base of the median filament, and the base and lateral margins of penes being sclerotized.

Oligoneuria (Yawari) anatina sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Oligoneuriidae) from the extreme north of Brazil.

Oligoneuria (Yawari) anatina sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on nymphs and imagoes collected in the municipality of Serra do Navio, state of Amapá, Brazil. The main characteristics that can be used to distinguish the new species from other species of the genus are, in imagoes: 1) forewing with spectral cross veins between IRS and MP2 (male) or between IRS and IMP (female), 2) posterior margin of styliger plate distally rounded and with paired rounded projections; in nymphs: 1) vertex of head with two pairs of tubercles, 2) lateral margin of anterior projection of head straight. Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences were used to associate male imago and immature stages of the new species.