Periyasamy Gomathi

Antioxidant Defense System Induced by a Methanol Extract of Caesalpinia bonducella. in Rat Liver

ABSTRACT The antioxidant defense system dramatically controls hepatocellular carcinoma induced by N.-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA). In order to assess the anticarcinogenic activity of a methanol extract of Caesalpinia bonducella. (MECB) leaves containing flavonoids and triterpenoids, the antioxidant defense system has been evaluated. The effect of MECB on lipid peroxidation end-product malondialdehyde (MDA), enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and nonenzymatic antioxidants glutathione (GSH), vitamin E, and vitamin C levels were analyzed in the liver of control and experimental animals. Serum was also analyzed for transaminase activity (SGOT and SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (SALP), bilirubin, total protein, and uric acid. Depletion of all these antioxidants was recorded in cancer conditions. These deleterious effects are controlled by the administration of MECB. After drug administration, there was a marked increase in antioxidant levels and a dramatic decrease in lipid peroxidation levels. MECB also produced a protective effect by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes, bilirubin, and increased the protein and uric acid levels. From the above results, it can be concluded that the observed anticarcinogenic properties of MECB may also be explained by its strong antioxidant capacity and capability to induce an in vivo. antioxidant system.

Evaluation of Analgesic, Antipyretic Activity and Toxicity Study of Bryonia laciniosa in Mice and Rats

Analgesic, antipyretic activity and toxicity study of the leaves of Bryonia laciniosa Linn. (Family: Cucurbitaceae) was evaluated in the standard animal models. The methanol extract of Bryonia laciniosa (MEBL) was evaluated by hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing methods to assess analgesic activity. The antipyretic activity of the extract was also evaluated by normal body temperature and yeast-induced hyperpyrexia. The extract showed significant analgesic and antipyretic activity. The MEBL was further evaluated for toxicity at the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg administered orally for 14 days in rats. At the end of experiments, the blood, liver function and kidney metabolism were observed. The hematological profile and different biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT and ALP were estimated. The present study revealed that MEBL exhibited significant analgesic and antipyretic activity in the tested experimental animal models. The toxicity study indicates that the extract is not toxic at the tested doses.

Screening of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Caesalpinia bonducella Flem., leaves (Caesalpiniaceae)

The study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanol extract of Caesalpinia bonducella leaves (MECB) (Family: Caesalpiniaceae). The effect of MECB on antioxidant activity, reducing power, free radical scavenging (DPPH radical, nitric oxide radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging), total phenolic content and antimicrobial activities were studied. The antioxidant activity of MECB increased in a dose dependent manner. About 50, 100, 250 and 500 g of MECB showed 53.4, 61.2, 69.1 and 76.2 % inhibition respectively on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion. Like antioxidant activity, the effect of MECB on reducing power increased in a dose dependent manner. The free radical scavenging activity of MECB was determined by DPPH radical scavenging method. The potency of this activity was increased with increased amount of extract. MECB was found to inhibit the nitric oxide radicals generated from sodium nitroprusside whereas the value of curcumin was 20.4 g/ml. Moreover, the MECB was found to scavenge the superoxide generated by photoreduction of Riboflavin. MECB was also found to inhibit the hydroxyl radical generated by Fenton reaction, where the value is 104.17 g/ml compared with catechin 5 g/ml, which indicates the antioxidant activity of MECB. The MECB capable of scavenging hydrogen peroxide in a concentration-dependent manner. The amounts of total phenolic compounds were also determined. Antimicrobial activities of MECB were carried out using disc diffusion methods with five Gram positive, four Gram negative and four fungal species. The results obtained in the present study indicate that MECB leaves are potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.

Evaluation of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of methanol extract of Artanema sesamoides Benth roots in animal models

SUMMARY The methanol extract of the root of Artanema sesamoides Family Scrophuilariaceae (MEAS) wasinvestigated for possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in animals. Three models wereused to study the extract effects on nociception, which were acetic acid-induced writhingresponse, hot-plate method and the tail flick test in mice. The antiinflammatory effects wereevaluated using carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin induced rat paw oedema (acute)and cotton pellet induced granuloma (chronic) models in rats. Results of the study revealed thatthe extract exhibited significant ( P < 0.001) analgesic effect at a dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.wp.o in mice in all the models. In acute model, the MEAS also exhibited significant (P < 0.001)antiinflammatory effect in all the above mentioned doses. In chronic model (cotton pellet inducedgranuloma) the MEAS 200 mg/kg and indomethacin 10 mg/kg showed that inhibition ofgranuloma formation 25.0% and 47.7% respectively (P < 0.001). The MEAS and indomethacinwere effectively preventing the transudation of the fluid. Thus, the present study revealed thatthe methanol extract of the root of Artanema sesamoides exhibited significant analgesic andantiinflammatory activity. Key words: Antiinflammatory; Analgesic; Artanema sesamoides; Cotton pellet

Antitumor and antioxidant status of Galega purpurea root in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing Swiss albino mice

The present study was designed to determine the antitumor and antioxidant properties of methanol extract from the root of Galega purpurea (Papilionaceae) (MEGP) against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing Swiss albino mice. Acute and short-term toxicity studies were performed initially in order to ascertain the safety of MEGP. The effect of MEGP on the growth of transplantable murine tumor, life span of EAC bearing hosts and simultaneous alterations in the hematological profile and liver biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes) were estimated. The MEGP showed decrease in tumor volume, packed cell volume and viable cell count and increases the nonviable cell count and mean survival time thereby increasing life span of EAC tumor bearing mice. Hematological profile reverted to more or less normal levels in extract treated mice. Treatment with MEGP decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation and increased the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The results suggested that the methanol extract of Galega purpurea root exhibited antitumor effect by modulating lipid peroxidation and augmenting antioxidant defense system in EAC bearing mice.