R. Bittner
Free University of Berlin
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Gastroenterology | 1986
H. G. Beger; R. Bittner; Markus Büchler; Wolfgang Hess; Jürgen E. Schmitz
In 16 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis and in 6 patients with edematous-interstitial pancreatitis, hemodynamic studies were conducted between the first and the 12th day after the onset of illness. Patients with necrotizing pancreatitis had a high cardiac index of 4.47 +/- 0.75 L/min X m2 and a low total peripheral vascular resistance of 884 +/- 180 dyn X s/cm5, a low mean pulmonary vascular resistance of 84.3 +/- 25.7 dyn X s/cm5, and a high pulmonary shunt fraction of 24.2% +/- 6.6% of the cardiac output. This hyperdynamic vascular pattern was not found in patients with edematous-interstitial pancreatitis associated with gallstone disease. The group of patients with edematous-interstitial pancreatitis had a cardiac index of 3.21 +/- 0.8 L/min X m2, a total peripheral vascular resistance of 1337.8 +/- 248.2 dyn X s/cm5, a mean pulmonary vascular resistance of 130.7 +/- 48.2 dyn X s/cm5, and a pulmonary shunt fraction of 13.6% +/- 3.5% of the cardiac output. There was a significant difference between the patients with necrotizing pancreatitis and those with edematous-interstitial pancreatitis in the following hemodynamic parameters: heart rate (p less than 0.02), cardiac index (p less than 0.01), total peripheral vascular resistance (p less than 0.001), arteriovenous oxygen difference (p less than 0.02), and pulmonary shunt fraction (p less than 0.01). These findings in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis demonstrate an opening of intrapulmonary shunts and peripheral vasodilatation probably due to the release of pancreatitis-associated toxic agents in the early phase of the disease.
Digestive Surgery | 2002
Claus-Georg Schmedt; Bernhard J. Leibl; R. Bittner
Aims: This article provides an overview of randomized studies which compare endoscopic hernia repair techniques (TAPP/TEP) with the Shouldice and Lichtenstein repair. Methods: Systematic analysis of 33 published studies which meet the criteria of a randomized controlled trial with a high evidence level. Results: The majority of the studies document statistically significant advantages of the endoscopic repair techniques in relation to wound pain (15/22), need for analgesics (16/21), return-to-work time (16/22) and physical activity (18/25), although only one study showed significant advantages of the Lichtenstein method. Six of 28 studies showed a lower morbidity in comparison to open approaches, although 22 of 28 studies documented no significant difference. The first long-term studies with follow-up periods between 5 and 6 years also show advantages of the endoscopic techniques. Conclusion: Even with cautious interpretation of the data, it is clear that endoscopic techniques are more comfortable for patients and that morbidity is no higher than for open procedures. Due to the short follow-up periods final evaluation regarding long-term complications and recurrence is not yet possible.
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery | 1984
H. G. Beger; W. Krautzberger; R. Bittner; Markus W. Büchler; Sylvia Block
SummaryDuring a ten years period duodenum preserving pancreatic head resection was performed in 56 patients with chronic pancreatitis and related pancreatic head tumor. Immediate lethality was 1.8 %, rate of reoperation 3.6 %, late lethality after an average follow-up of 24 months (minimum 1, maximum 124 months) 3.6 %. At the time of follow-up 87.3 % of the patients were back at work, 58 % were free of abdominal symptoms, 7.4 % complained about occasional to frequent abdominal pains. 72.9 % gained weight postoperatively. Duodenum preserving pancreatic head resection constitutes the subtotal resection of the pancreatic head and jejunal interpostition for the parenchymal defect. The procedure is advantageous as compared to Whipples operation in so far as stomach, duodenum and bile duct remain intact.ZusammenfasssungBei 56 Patienten mit chronischer Pankreatitis und durch die Pankreatitis bedingtem Pankreaskopftumor wurde eine duodenumerhaltende Pankreaskopfresektion innerhalb eines 10-Jahres-Zeitraumes ausgeführt. Die Klinikletalität war 1,8%, die Reoperationsrate 3,6% sowie die Spätletalität nach einer mittleren Nachbeobachtungszeit von 24 Monaten (median 24 Monate, minimal 1 Monat, maximal 124 Monate) 3,6 %. Zum Nachuntersuchungszeitpunkt waren 87,3 % der Patienten wieder voll berufstätig, 58,1 % der Patienten hatten keine Bauchbeschwerden mehr, 7,4 % gelegentliche bis häufige Bauchschmerzen; eine postoperative Gewichtszunahme war bei 72,7 % der Patienten zu verzeichnen. Die duodenumerhaltende Pankreaskopfresektion besteht in der subtotalen Resektion des Pankreaskopfes mit Überbrückung des Pankreasparenchymeffektes durch ein Jejunuminterponat. Das Verfahren bietet gegenüber der Whipple-OP den Vorteil der Erhaltung von Magen, Duodenum und exkretorischen Gallenwegen.
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery | 1980
Hans G. Beger; W. Krautzberger; R. Bittner; Hermann Weidemann; Sylvia Block
SummaryIn 15 patients with chronic pancreatitis and a tumor of the head of the pancreas without malignancy, resection of the head of the pancreas preserving the duodenum was performed. For bridging the pancreas defect, jejunum is interposed. The clinical mortality was 0%. The follow-up time averages 31 months. 75% of the patients are completely restored. The benefit of this operation derives from the limited organ trauma, the protection of the duodenal passage, the protection of the remaining pancreas for the exo-endocrine functions and the presentation of the tumor of the pancreas for histological examinations.ZusammenfassungBei 15 Patienten mit chronischer Pankreatitis und Pankreaskopftumor wurde nach Malignomausschluß eine das Duodenum erhaltende Pankreaskopfresektion ausgeführt. Zur Überbrückung des Pankreasdefektes erfolgte Jejunuminterposition. Die Kliniksletalität war 0%. Nachbeobachtungszeit im Durchschnitt 31 Monate. 75% der Patienten waren wieder voll arbeitsfähig. Der Vorteil dieser Operation liegt im begrenzten Organtrauma, der Erhaltung der Duodenumpassage, Erhaltung des übrigen Pankreas für exound endokrine Funktion und Gewinnung des Pankreaskopftumors zur histologischen Beurteilung.
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery | 1984
R. Bittner; Michael Butters; H. Schirrow; W. Krautzberger; H. G. Beger
Between 1969 and 1983 a total of 152 patients underwent total gastrectomy. 58 patients were older than 70 years. Surgical lethality was 14.47% with only minor differences between those patients younger than 70 and the older ones: 13.8 and 15.5%, respectively. Moreover, it did not make any major difference whether surgery was curative or merely palliative. Of 27 patients with the tumor stage TNM IV, only one patient died. Of the 66, who were operated upon during the recent 5 years period between 1979 and 1983, only one patient died. These results suggest that this remarkable decline of lethality is due to a precise standardisation of surgical technique, improvements in preoperative management of the patient and aftercare. 5 years survival rate was 17.3%; again there was no major difference between the group of patients older than 70 and those being younger than 70 years (16.5% and 19.4% respectively). It is of interest that the patients having additional splenectomy presented with an essentially worse prognosis as opposed to those without splenectomy although there were no differences between the TNM-stages. Even if the small numbers of patients can not yet be definitely conclusive, these preliminary results indicate that the indication for splenectomy in the course of total gastrectomy should be critically evaluated.SummaryBetween 1969 and 1983 a total of 152 patients underwent total gastrectomy. 58 patients were older than 70 years. Surgical lethality was 14.47% with only minor differences between those patients younger than 70 and the older ones: 13.8 and 15.5%, respectively. Moreover, it did not make any major difference whether surgery was curative or merely palliative. Of 27 patients with the tumor stage TNM IV, only one patient died. Of the 66, who were operated upon during the recent 5 years period between 1979 and 1983, only one patient died. These results suggest that this remarkable decline of lethality is due to a precise standardisation of surgical technique, improvements in preoperative management of the patient and aftercare. 5 years survival rate was 17.3%; again there was no major difference between the group of patients older than 70 and those being younger than 70 years (16.5% and 19.4% respectively). It is of interest that the patients having additional splenectomy presented with an essentially worse prognosis as opposed to those without splenectomy although there were no differences between the TNM-stages. Even if the small numbers of patients can not yet be definitely conclusive, these preliminary results indicate that the indication for splenectomy in the course of total gastrectomy should be critically evaluated.ZusammenfassungZwischen 1969 und 1983 wurde bei insgesamt 152 Patienten eine totale Magenentfernung vorgenommen. 58 Patienten befanden sich jenseits des 70. Lebensjahres. Die Operationsletalität betrug 14,47%, wobei zwischen den unter 70jährigen Patienten und den über 70jährigen mit 13,8% bzw. 15,5 nur ein geringer Unterschied bestand. Weitgehend unabhängig zeigte sich die Letalität auch davon, ob die Operation einen kurativen oder palliativen Charakter hatte. So verstarb von 27 Patienten im TNM-IV-Stadium lediglich einer. Ebenfalls nur ein Patient verstarb von den 66, die im letzten 5-Jahres-Intervall (1979–1983) operiert wurden. Diese wesentliche Senkung der Letalität wird auf eine präzise Systematisierung der Operationstechnik sowie auf eine verbesserte Operationsvorbereitung und Nachbetreuung zurückgeführt. Die 5-Jahres-Heilungsrate betrug 17,3%; wiederum bestand zwischen den unter 70jährigen und den über 70jährigen Patienten mit 16,5% bzw. 19,4% kein wesentlicher Unterschied. Bemerkenswerterweise hatten die Patienten mit zusätzlicher Splenektomie eine wesentlich schlechtere Prognose als die Patienten mit erhaltener Milz trotz gleicher Verteilung der TNM-Stadien. Zwar erlaubt die Patientenzahl noch keine definitive Aussage, jedoch sollte nach diesem Ergebnis die Indikation zur Begleitsplenektomie bei totaler Magenentfernung stets sorgfältig abgewogen werden.
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery | 1980
H. G. Beger; E. Kraas; R. Bittner
SummaryEndotoxin shock is the most frequent form of septic shock. Endotoxin, a macromolecular lipopolysaccharide, is released from the cellular wall of gram-negative spores. In patients with bacterial peritonitis these signs are typical: temperature above 38°C, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, lactazidosis, and increase of creatinine. Early laparotomy in bacterial peritonitis is the most important step to avoid endotoxin shock.ZusammenfassungDer Endotoxinschock ist die häufigste Form des septischen Schocks. Endotoxin, ein makromolekulares Lipopolysaccharid wird beim Zerfall aus der Zellwand der gramnegativen Keime freigesetzt. Bei Patienten mit bakterieller Peritonitis sind: Fieber über 38°C, Thrombocytopenie, Leukocytose, Lactacidose, Kreatininanstieg hinweisende Zeichen. Die Frühlaparotomie ist bei bakterieller Peritonitis der entscheidende Schritt zur Vermeidung eines Endotoxinschocks.
European Surgical Research | 1976
R. Bittner; H. G. Beger; E. Kraas; R. Roscher
Following abdominal surgery, insulin and glucose concentrations in the portal vein, and a peripheral vein are compared in patients during control periods and after oral administration of glucose. During the control period, the glucose concentrations are identical in both veins. After glucose loads with the prompt increase of portal glucose concentration the portal-peripheral difference also increases (p less than 0.01). During the control period the insulin concentration in the portal vein is double as compared to peripheral blood (p less than 0.005). After glucose load the increasing portal insulin as well as the peripheral and portal glucose correlate with the portal-peripheral insulin difference (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, there is a significant positive correlation between the peripheral glucose area as a parameter of glucose tolerance and the portal insulin area as a semiquantitative parameter of insulin secretory capacity (p less than 0.001). It can be concluded that in the early postoperative period in patients with a diminished oral glucose tolerance (large glucose areas) there is an even greater insulin response in comparison to patients with normal oral glucose tolerance. On the other hand, however, in those patients with diminished glucose tolerance, the insulin response is essentially delayed.
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery | 1985
Markus W. Büchler; R. Bittner; R. Roscher; H. G. Beger
SummarySeptic complications are the most common causes of death in necrotizing pancreatitis. In 134 patients, necrotic material obtained at surgery was investigated bacteriologically: 55 patients were contaminated (41 %) by gram-negative germs in 71 % of the cases. Lethality in the contaminated group was 33% in contrast to 10% in the sterile patients (p < 0.01). The operative procedure consisted of necrosectomy and postoperative abdominal lavation. The course of necrotizing pancreatitis with respect to morbidity and mortality is clearly determinated by bacterial contamination, especially in cases of early infection within 14 days after the onset of the disease.ZusammenfassungSeptische Komplikationen sind die häufigste Todesursache bei akuter Pankreatitis. Bei 134 Patienten wurde intraoperativ ein Abstrich von der Pankreasnekrose entnommen. 55 Patienten (41%) waren kontaminiert mit überwiegend gramnegativen Keimen. Die Letalität der hakterienpositiven Patienten betrug 33% gegenüber 10% in der bakteriennegativen Gruppe (p < 0,01) bei gleichartigem Therapieverfahren (Nekrotektomie und Lavage). Der Verlauf der nekrotisierenden Pankreatitis hinsichtlich Morbidität und Sterblichkeit wird eindeutig determiniert durch die bakterielle Kontamination vor allem, wenn eine Frühkontamination innerhalb 14 Tagen nach Beginn der Erkrankung erfolgt.
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery | 1975
R. Bittner; H. G. Beger; E. Kraas; Roscher R
SummaryThe insulin secretion in the peripheral venous blood and the portal venous blood were measured during 14 oral glucose tolerance tests (OGT) and 12 glucose infusion tests (GIT), in 19 patients after intraabdominal operations. 8 OGTs and 6 GITs were carried out on the 6th reap. 7th postoperative day, whilst 6 OGTs and GITs were carried out 12 days after the operation. The following conclusions can be drawn:1.After intraabdominal operation the glucose tolerance is still considerably less on the 7th postoperative day.2.The insulin concentrations in the peripheral venous blood are nearly identical on the 6th/7th and the 12th postoperative day.3.Contrary to this, clear differences were measured in the portal venous blood. During the OGTs the insulin concentrations in the early postoperative period - 7th postoperative day -are higher than in the later postoperative period -12th postoperative day. The insulin concentration during the GITs on the other hand are lower in the early postoperative period than later postoperatively.4.It is discussed, whether the influence of enteral factors as well as an increased permeability of the liver for the instantly resorbed glucose - the result is an increased hyperglycemical stimulus for the insular cell apparatus - is the cause for the high plasma insulin level after oral glucose application.5.Because the glucose tolerance is diminished inspite of high insulin level during oral glucose application, the enlargement of the glucose pool by glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the early postoperative period must be accepted as the most probable cause.ZusammenfassungDie Insulinsekretion im peripheren Venenblut und Pfortaderblut wurden während 14 oraler Glukosebelastungstests (OGT) und 12 Glukoseinfusionstests (GIT) bei 19 Patienten nach intraabdominellen Operationen gemessen. 8 OGTs und 6 GITs wurden am 6. bzw. 7. postoperativen Tag durchgeführt, während jeweils 6 OGTs und GITs 12 Tage nach der Operation erfolgten. Folgende Schlußfolgerungen werden gezogen:1.Nach intraabdominellen Operationen ist die Glukosetoleranz noch am 7. postoperativen Tag wesentlich gemindert.2.Die Insulinkonzentrationen im peripher venösen Blut sind am 6./7. postoperativen Tag und am 12. postoperativen Tag nahezu identisch.3.Im Gegensatz dazu werden im Pfortaderblut deutliche Unterschiede gemessen. Während der OGTa sind die Ineulinkonzentrationen früher postoperativ (7. postoperativer Tag) höher als später postoperativ (12. postoperativer Tag). Umgekehrt sind die Insulinkonzentrationen während der GITs früh postoperativ niedriger als spät postoperativ.4.Als Ursache der hohen Plasmainsulinspiegel nach oraler Glukosegabe wird der Einfluß enteraler Faktoren sowie eine erhöhte „Durchlässigkeit” der Leber für die unmittelbar resorbierte Glukose - Folge ist ein stärkerer hyperglykämischer Reiz für den Inselzellapparat -in der frühen postoperativen Phase diskutiert.5.Da trotz hoher Insulinspiegel bei oraler Glukosegabe die Glukosetoleranz vermindert ist, muß als Ursache am ehesten die Vergrößerung des Glukosepools durch Glykogenolyse und Glukoneogenese in der frühen postoperativen Phase angenommen werden.
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery | 1987
R. Roscher; R. Bittner; W. Oettinger; H. O. Kleine; H. G. Beger
SummaryTo determine the present role of manual anastomoses prospectively recorded patient data from May I982 to December I986 were analyzed. In 152 esophagojejunostomies after gastrectomy (end-to-side anastomosis, resorbable interrupted sutures), the rate of anastomotic leakage was 0.6% (1/152) and of mortality 2.6% (4/I52). In 8I colorectostomies after one-stage anterior resections (end-to-end anastomosis, interrupted resorbable sutures), one patient developed clinically manifest leakage (1.2%) and the mortality was I.2% (1/81). These results prove that a standardized, manually sutured, conventional, double-layer anastomosis is highly reliable and accompanied by only minimal mortality.ZusammenfassungZur Bestimmung des heutigen Stellenwerts der zweireihigen Handnaht bei „Problemanastomosen” wurde das prospektiv erfasste Krankengut von 5/82 bis I2/86 analysiert. Bei I52 Oesophagojejunostomien nach Gastrektomie (End-zu-Seit A., resorbierbare Einzelnähte) betrug die Nahtinsuffizienzrate 0,6%, die Kliniksletalität 2,6%. Bei 8I einzeitigen anterioren Resektionen (End-zu-End A., resorbierbare Einzelnähte) trat bei einem Patienten eine klinisch manifeste Insuffizienz auf. Rate I,2%. Die Kliniksletalität betrug I,2%. Die Ergebnisse beweisen, dass bei subtiler, streng standardisierter Technik auch mit der zweireihigen Handnaht eine hohe Nahtsicherheit mit daraus esultierender niedriger Letalität erreicht werden kann.