R. Süleyman Göktürk

Essential fatty acid components and antioxidant activities of eight Cephalaria species from southwestern Anatolia

The hexane extracts of eight Cephalaria (Dipsacaceae) species, which were collected from southwestern Anatolia, were obtained by Soxhlet apparatus. The fatty acids were derived to methyl esters and determined by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) systems. The dominant fatty acid components and maximum percentages were detected as myristic [in C. joppica (17.48 %)], palmitic [in C. cilicica, C. elmaliensis, C. isaurica, C. scoparia (19.51 %), and C. gazipashaensis], linoleic [in C. joppica (33.02 %), C. elmaliensis, C. dipsacoides, and C. gazipashaensis], α-linolenic (ALA) [in C. cilicica, C. elmaliensis, C. isaurica, C. scoparia, C. lycica, and C. gazipashaensis (47.95 %)] and oleic [in C. isaurica and C. dipsacoides (40.66 %)] acids. The antioxidant activity of all hexane extracts was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric thiocyanate (FTC), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods. The results indicate that hexane extracts of Cephalaria species possess considerable antioxidant activity. The highest radical scavenging activity was detected in C. isaurica (IC50 = 741 μg/mL). The most effective species on lipid peroxidation are C. lycica and C. gazipashaensis in FTC and TBA assays, respectively. This study reveals that Cephalaria species are attractive sources of fatty acid components, especially the essential ones, as well as of effective natural antioxidants.

A new species of Cephalaria Schrader ex Roemer & Schultes (Dipsacaceae), including a new variety from East Anatolia, Turkey

A new Cephalaria species (Dipsacaceae), C. elazigensis R.S. Gokturk & Sumbul, is described from Elazig, East Anatolia. A variety of this species, var. purpurea R.S. Gokturk & Sumbul, is also described from the same area. The morphological differences of the new taxa are compared with two related species, C. stellipilis and C. elmaliensis. Seed protein profiles of C. elazigensis, C. elazigensis var. purpurea, C. stellipilis, and C. elmaliensis were also analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In addition, pollen structure was examined.

A new taxon of Glycyrrhiza L. (Fabaceae) from southwest Anatolia

A new taxon of Glycyrrhiza L., G. flavescens Boiss. subsp. antalyensis Sumbul, O. Tufan, O.D. Du¸sen & R.S. Gokturk subsp. nov., is described and illustrated. The subspecies is restricted to maquis and Pinus brutia woodland. The diagnostic morphologic characters that separate the present subspecies from the closely allied G. flavescens Boiss. are discussed.

Essential Oil Compositions and Bioactivities of Thymus revolutus and Cyclotrichium origanifolium

Abstract Thymus revolutus Celak (Lamiaceae) is an endemic species in Turkey. Cyclotrichium origanifolium (Labill.) Manden & Scheng (Lamiaceae) has been widely used as a flavoring agent in soups and salads, and herbal tea in Turkey. The essential oil (EO) components, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts and EOs of T. revolutus and C. origanifolium were examined. The EO compositions were analyzed by GC-MS. Total phenolic contents, flavanols, flavonols and antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by spectrophotometer. Antimicrobial activity was investigated against 15 microorganisms by agar diffusion method. Carvacrol, thymol, p-cimene and borneol were predominantly found in T. revolutus EO. The C. origanifolium EO contained bicyclo[3.1.l]hepten-3-one, 2,6,6-trimethyl-,(l.α, 2.β, 5.α), pulegone and 2- cylohexen-1-ol, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl),-cis as main constituents. The levels of total phenolic contents, flavanols, and flavonols of T. revolutus and C. origanifolium extracts were 38.68±2.5 and 78.57±0.6 mg gallic acid equivalent/g; 2250.06±328.0 and 610.84±13.3 mg catechin equivalent/100 g; and 1287.35±91.1 and 2712.36±20.9 mg rutin equivalent/100 g, respectively. Antioxidant activities of T. revolutus and C. origanifolium were 48.91±0.2 % and 74.86±0.3 % at 0.1 mg/mL concentration, respectively in the DPPH assay. C. origanifolium EO sat 2 % and 1 % concentrations showed antibacterial activity against tested Gram (+) bacteria but not Mycobacterium smegmatis. Both of the EOs had no inhibitory effects at 0.2 and 0.5 % concentrationson on the 15 tested microorganisms. Gram (+) bacteria found to be more sensitive to the EOs and extracts than Gram (-) bacteria in this study. The EOs and the extracts of T. revolutus and C. origanifolium could be used as natural products in many areas such as food, pharmaceutical, alternative medicine and natural therapy.

A New Subspecies Trigonella coerulescens (Fabaceae), from Turkey

Trigonella coerulescens (Bieb.) Hal. subsp. kemerensis R.S. Göktürk subsp. nova (Fabaceae) is described from SW Anatolia, Turkey and illustrated. It grows on sandy seashores in Olimpos-Çıralı (Kemer) and Adrasan (Kumluca) beaches. It is closely related to subsp. coerulescens, an endemic taxon confined to Olimpos-Beydağlari National Park. Diagnostic morphological characters of subsp. kemerensis and subsp. coerulescens are discussed.

Pimpinella isaurica subsp. sumbuliana (Apiaceae), a new taxon from Turkey

Pimpineila isaurica V.A. Matthews subsp. sumbuliana R.S. Göktürk subsp. nova (Apiaceae) is described and illustrated from Anatolia, Turkey. It is closely related to P. isaurica subsp. isaurica, also an endemic of Anatolia. The diagnostic morphological characters of subsp. sumbuliana and subsp. isaurica are discussed and their geographic distributions are presented.

A new species of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae/Leguminosae) from southwest Anatolia

A new species of Astragalus L., Astragalus inanae R.S. Gokturk, O.D. Dusen & Sumbul sp. nov., is described and illustrated. Growth of the new species is restricted to clearings in and under Pinus forest. The diagnostic morphologic characters that separate the present species from the closely allied Astragalus angustiflorus C. Koch subsp. anatolicus (Boiss.) Chamberlain are discussed.