Radek Fujdiak

On perspective of security and privacy-preserving solutions in the internet of things

The Internet of Things (IoT) brings together a large variety of devices of different platforms, computational capacities and functionalities. The network heterogeneity and the ubiquity of IoT devices introduce increased demands on both security and privacy protection. Therefore, the cryptographic mechanisms must be strong enough to meet these increased requirements but, at the same time, they must be efficient enough for the implementation on constrained devices. In this paper, we present a detailed assessment of the performance of the most used cryptographic algorithms on constrained devices that often appear in IoT networks. We evaluate the performance of symmetric primitives, such as block ciphers, hash functions, random number generators, asymmetric primitives, such as digital signature schemes, and privacy-enhancing schemes on various microcontrollers, smart-cards and mobile devices. Furthermore, we provide the analysis of the usability of upcoming schemes, such as the homomorphic encryption schemes, group signatures and attribute-based schemes.

Analytical Evaluation of D2D Connectivity Potential in 5G Wireless Systems

Constantly growing number of wireless devices leads to the increasing complexity of maintenance and requirements of mobile access services. Following this, the paper discusses perspectives, challenges and services of 5th generation wireless systems, as well as direct device-to-device communication technology, which can provide energy efficient, high throughput and low latency transmission services between end-users. Due to these expected benefits, the part of network traffic between mobile terminals can be transmitted directly between the terminals via established D2D connection without utilizing an infrastructure link. In order to analyse how frequently can be such direct connectivity implemented, it is important to estimate the probability of D2D communication for arbitrary pair of mobile nodes. In this paper, we present the results of the network modelling when the random graph model is used. The model was implemented as a simulation program in C# which generates random graph with a given number of vertexes and creates the minimal spanning tree (mst) by using the Prime’s algorithm. All our result and practical findings are summarized at the end of this manuscript.

A Harmonized Perspective on Transportation Management in Smart Cities: the Novel IoT-Driven Environment for Road Traffic Modeling

The unprecedented growth of today’s cities together with increased population mobility are fueling the avalanche in the numbers of vehicles on the roads. This development led to the new challenges for the traffic management, including the mitigation of road congestion, accidents, and air pollution. Over the last decade, researchers have been focusing their efforts on leveraging the recent advances in sensing, communications, and dynamic adaptive technologies to prepare the deployed road traffic management systems (TMS) for resolving these important challenges in future smart cities. However, the existing solutions may still be insufficient to construct a reliable and secure TMS that is capable of handling the anticipated influx of the population and vehicles in urban areas. Along these lines, this work systematically outlines a perspective on a novel modular environment for traffic modeling, which allows to recreate the examined road networks in their full resemblance. Our developed solution is targeted to incorporate the progress in the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, where low-power, embedded devices integrate as part of a next-generation TMS. To mimic the real traffic conditions, we recreated and evaluated a practical traffic scenario built after a complex road intersection within a large European city.

Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of Power Line Transmission Parameters for Power Line Communication

Abstract The article describes a way of evaluating the power line channel frequency response and input impedance by means of the linear time-invariant (LTI) power line generator. Two possible methods are introduced for the calculation of primary parameters: the first method depends on the physical realization and physical dimension of the cable, and the second method is derived from the data provided by typical electrical cable manufacturers. Based on these methods, a comparison of transfer functions was made. This is followed by measurement evaluation and numerical verification on a simple topology

Using genetic algorithm for advanced municipal waste collection in Smart City

The Internet of Things (IoT), as expected infrastructure for envisioned concept of Smart City, brings new possibilities for the city management. IoT vision introduces promising and economical solutions for massive data collection and its analysis which can be applied in many domains and so make them operating more efficiently. In this paper, we are discussing one of the most challenging issues - municipal waste-collection within the Smart City. To optimize the logistic procedure of waste collection, we use own genetic algorithm implementation. The presented solution provides calculation of more efficient garbage-truck routes. As an output, we provide a set of simulations focused on mentioned area. All our algorithms are implemented within the integrated simulation framework which is developed as an open source solution with respect to future modifications.

Implementing a Broadcast Storm Attack on a Mission-Critical Wireless Sensor Network

In this work, we emphasize the practical importance of mission-critical wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for structural health monitoring of industrial constructions. Due to its isolated and ad hoc nature, this type of WSN deployments is susceptible to a variety of malicious attacks that may disrupt the underlying crucial systems. Along these lines, we review and implement one such attack, named a broadcast storm, where an attacker is attempting to flood the network by sending numerous broadcast packets. Accordingly, we assemble a live prototype of said scenario with real-world WSN equipment, as well as measure the key operational parameters of the WSN under attack, including packet transmission delays and the corresponding loss ratios. We further develop a simple supportive mathematical model based on widely-adopted methods of queuing theory. It allows for accurate performance assessment as well as for predicting the expected system performance, which has been verified with statistical methods.

Wireless M-BUS: An Attractive M2M Technology for 5G-Grade Home Automation

The aggressive introduction of new smart devices for households is considered today as one of the most challenging issues in the Internet of Things (IoT) world. According to the wide variety of radio technologies used for communication between smart devices, there is a growing need to answer the question of which communication standard can be used to drive communication in smart homes and intelligent buildings as part of the emerging 5G ecosystem. To this end, we provide in this paper a performance analysis of Wireless M-BUS communication protocol which has recently increased its popularity especially in smart-metering domain in Western Europe. First, the developed WM-BUS module in Network Simulator 3 (NS-3) is described. Further, we investigate in detail the obtained simulation results which are compared with the real data from Kamstrup smart metering devices. Especially, the attention is focused on the packet delivery ratio and interference between smart devices. In particular, we demonstrate that our constructed module provides adequate correlation between the results obtained from the simulation and those from real-world measurements.

Remote networking technology for IoT: Cloud-based access for AllJoyn-enabled devices

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a vision of a future communication between users, systems, and daily objects performing sensing and actuating capabilities with the goal to bring unprecedented convenience and economical benefits. Today, a wide variety of developed solutions for IoT can be seen through the all industry fields. Each of the developed systems is based on the proprietary SW implementation unable (in most cases) to share collected data with others. Trying to offer common communication platform for IoT, AllSeen Alliance introduced Alljoyn framework - interoperable platform for devices (sensors, actuators, etc.) and applications to communicate among themselves regardless of brands, transport technologies, and operating systems. In this paper, we discuss an application for remote management of light systems built as an extension of Alljoyn Framework - developed application is independent on communication technologies (e.g., ZigBee or WiFi). Besides provided communication independence, the presented framework can run on both major SoC architectures ARM and MIPS. To this end, we believe that our application (available as open source on GitHub) can serve as building block in future IoT / Smart home implementations.

A Trial of Yoking-Proof Protocol in RFID-based Smart-Home Environment

Owing to significant progress in the Internet of Things (IoT) within both academia and industry, this breakthrough technology is increasingly penetrating our everyday lives. However, the levels of user adoption and business revenue are still lagging behind the original expectations. The reasons include strong security and privacy concerns behind the IoT, which become critically important in the smart home environment. Our envisioned smart home scenario comprises a variety of sensors, actuators, and end-user devices interacting and sharing data securely. Correspondingly, we aim at investigating and verifying in practice the Yoking-proof protocol, which is a multi-factor authentication solution for smart home systems with an emphasis on data confidentiality and mutual authentication. Our international team conducted a large trial featuring the Yoking-proof protocol, RFID technology, as well as various sensors and user terminals. This paper outlines the essentials of this trial, reports on our practical experience, and summarizes the main lessons learned.

Efficiency evaluation of different types of cryptography curves on low-power devices

OpenSSL represents the open source tool-kit of SSL and TLS protocols. This tool-kit includes the elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) among other things. The ECC part of OpenSSL provides curves of many standards and also curves of many sizes. The ECC is a current issue of information and communication technologies and it is implemented in many communication devices. We tested the elliptic curve cryptography on an embedded device MSP430, which is may be used i.e. in smart grid network with limited resources for securing communication. This article shows the results of these tests, it shows the efficiency of these curves and also discovers general problems and general questions of ECC. All the obtained results including practical outputs are concluded at the end of our paper.