Rafael Miranda Tassitano

Atividade física e comportamento sedentário em adolescentes estudantes do ensino médio

OBJECTIVEnTo identify the prevalence of factors associated with insufficient physical activity levels and sedentary behavior among adolescents.nnnMETHODSnIn this cross-sectional study 4,210 students (14-19 years old) attending public high-schools were selected using random two-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected by using the Global School-based Student Health Survey. Subjects who reported performing 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity five days a week or more were classified as physically active, while the remainder was classified as insufficiently active. Subjects who reported watching TV three or more hours a day were considered to be exposed to sedentary behavior. Analyses were carried out by using Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression.nnnRESULTSnThe prevalence of insufficiently active subjects was 65.1% (CI95% 63.7-66.6). Gender, place of residence (rural/urban), time of day attending school, occupational status, and enrollment in physical education were identified as factors significantly associated with exposure to insufficient levels of physical activity. Prevalence of exposure to sedentary behavior was 40.9% (CI95% 39.4-42.4) on week days and 49.9% (CI95% 48.4-51.4) on weekend days. Place of residence, time of day attending school, occupational status and enrollment in physical education were identified as factors significantly associated with exposure to sedentary behavior on week days, whereas on weekend days exposure to sedentary behavior was related to gender, age and time of day attending school.nnnCONCLUSIONnThis study showed a high prevalence of insufficient physical activity levels and exposure to sedentary behaviors among adolescents.

Enrollment in Physical Education Is Associated with Health-Related Behavior among High School Students.

BACKGROUNDnPhysical education (PE) plays a critical role in the healthy development of youth; however, the influence of PE classes in helping to provide students with health-related behavior patterns is not clear. This study aims to analyze whether participation in PE classes is associated with health-related behavior among high school students.nnnMETHODSnA total of 4210 students attending public high schools in Pernambuco (northeast of Brazil) were selected using random 2-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected by using the Global School-based Student Health Survey. The independent variable was the frequency of participation in PE classes, whereas physical activity, television viewing, smoking, and alcohol, fruit, vegetables and soda consumption were dependent variables. Logistic regressions were carried out to perform crude and adjusted analysis of the association between enrollment in PE classes and health-related behaviors.nnnRESULTSnSixty-five percent of students do not take part in PE classes, with a significantly higher proportion among females (67.8%). It was observed that enrollment in PE classes was positively associated with physical activity, TV viewing, and fruit consumption, but was negatively associated with soda drinking. The likelihood of reporting being active and eating fruit on a daily basis was 27% and 45% higher, respectively, among those who participate in at least 2 classes per week in comparison with those who do not. Students who participate in PE classes had 28-30% higher likelihood of reporting lower TV viewing during week days.nnnCONCLUSIONSnFindings suggest that higher levels of enrollment in PE classes could play a role in the promotion of health-related behaviors among high school students.

Clustering of risk factors for chronic diseases among adolescents from Southern Brazil.

Objective To investigate the clustering of risk behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases and their associated factors among adolescents from Southern Brazil. Methods In 2008, a survey was conducted with 3990 adolescents aged 14–15 years (mean: 14.3; SD: 0.6) from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. Clustering was determined by comparing observed (O) and expected (E) prevalence of all possible combinations of the four risk factors investigated (smoking, alcohol intake, low fruit intake, and physical inactivity). We carried out Poisson regression to evaluate the effect of individual characteristics on the presence of at least three risk behaviors. Results All risk factors tended to cluster together (O/E prevalence = 3.0), especially smoking and alcohol intake (odds ratio to present on behavior in the presence of other > 5.0). Approximately 15% of adolescents displayed three or more risk behaviors. Females (adjusted OR = 1.55), people 15 years and older (OR = 1.47), with black skin color (OR = 1.23), and of low socioeconomic level (OR = 1.29) were more likely to display three or more risk factors. Conclusion These findings suggest that lifestyle-related risk factors tend to cluster among adolescents. Identifying subgroups at greater risk of simultaneously engaging in multiple risk behaviors may aid in the planning of preventive strategies.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras entre adolescentes de escolas públicas de Caruaru, PE

This is a cross-sectional school-based study that evaluated the prevalence and associated factors of the daily intake of fruit and vegetables by adolescents at public schools in Caruaru, Pernambuco. Poisson regression with a hierarchical model, including sociodemographic variables in the first hierarchical level, behavioral variables in the second and diet-related variables in the third was used to assess the factors associated with fruit and vegetable intake. The results showed that of the 600 adolescents interviewed, 10% reported never eating fruit and 30.7% mentioned not eating vegetables. Prevalence of fruit intake was 32.9% and vegetables 29.0%. Only 6.5% reported eating both kinds of food daily. Merely the daily vegetable intake showed a significant difference according to sex (higher among girls). Daily fruit intake was 63% higher among adolescents living in urban areas. Not consuming alcohol was associated with higher fruit intake, though not to vegetable intake. Daily intake of fruits and vegetables was 2.4 times higher among adolescents who consumed rice and beans daily. Daily fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents in Caruaru is below the recommendations, and was associated with gender, residence area, consumption of alcoholic beverages and consumption of rice and beans.

Satisfação com o peso corporal e fatores associados em estudantes do ensino médio

Objective: To analyze body satisfaction among students and its possible associations with nutritional status, sociodemographic factors, life style and health perception. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled students aged 15 to 20 years of public schools from the city of Caruaru, Northeast Brazil. Anthropometric, socio-demographic, life style and health perception, sleep, stress and body image variables were evaluated. The body mass index for gender and age was used to diagnose underweight, and overweight according to Conde and Monteiro (2006). Binary logistic regression was applied with the occurrence of “dissatisfaction with thinness” and “dissatisfaction with excess weight” as outcomes. Results: 594 students (62% females) aged 17.5±1.6 years old were studied. A proportion of 38.7% (95%CI 34.8-42.7) were satisfied with their body weight, while 31.3% (95%CI 27.6-35.2) would like to increase it and 30.0% (95%CI 26.333.8) would like to reduce it. The students who were satisfied with their weight ate at least five servings of vegetables/day, three or more meals/day, and they had a positive perception Endereco para correspondencia: Eduila Maria C. Santos Rua Jose Braz Moscow, 2.075, apto. 401 – Candeias CEP 54410-390 – Jaboatao dos Guararapes/PE E-mail: eduila@hotmail.com Conflito de interesse: nada a declarar Recebido em: 7/4/2010 Aprovado em: 13/10/2010ReSumo AbStRAct Objective: To analyze body satisfaction among students and its possible associations with nutritional status, socio- demographic factors, life style and health perception. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled students aged 15 to 20 years of public schools from the city of Caru- aru, Northeast Brazil. Anthropometric, socio-demographic, life style and health perception, sleep, stress and body image variables were evaluated. The body mass index for gender and age was used to diagnose underweight, and overweight according to Conde and Monteiro (2006). Binary logistic regression was applied with the occurrence of dissatisfac- tion with thinness and dissatisfaction with excess weight as outcomes. Results: 594 students (62% females) aged 17.5±1.6 years old were studied. A proportion of 38.7% (95%CI 34.8-42.7) were satisfied with their body weight, while 31.3% (95%CI 27.6-35.2) would like to increase it and 30.0% (95%CI 26.3- 33.8) would like to reduce it. The students who were satisfied with their weight ate at least five servings of vegetables/day, three or more meals/day, and they had a positive perception

Estágios de mudança de comportamento para a atividade física em adolescentes

The objective of this study was to identify and to describe factors associated with the distribution in relation to the stages of change for physical activity (SCPA) in adolescents. This cross-sectional study was carried out through data analysis from a sample of 4,207 adolescents high-school students (14-19 years old) from the state of Pernambuco (Brazil), selected by a 2-stage cluster sampling process. The data were collected by using a previously tested questionnaire (GSHS-WHO), adopting the following classifications for SCPA: (1) maintenance - subject physically active for more than 6 months; (2) action - subject physically active for less than 6 months; (3) preparation - subject is not active, but would like to become physically active in the next 30 days; (4) contemplation - subject is not active, but would like to become physically active in the next 6 months; and (5) pre-contemplation - subject is not and does not intend to become physically active in the next 6 months. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with SCPA. It was found that 31.1% and 16.4% of subjects, respectively, were in action and maintenance stages. The boys of 14-16 years old and, adolescents who worked and lived in the coastal region of the state, regardless of gender, were more likely to be classified in the action and maintenance stages. Age for male adolescents, and region of residence and occupational status for adolescents of both genders were identified as factors associated with SCPA.

Balance and gait evaluation: comparative study between deaf and hearing students

Objective: To evaluate the body balance and gait of deaf and hearing students and to compare data between groups, considering the gender and the age of the sample. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 44 deaf students and 44 hearing ones aged seven to 17 years-old. The evaluation of balance and gait characteristics was performed using the Tinetti Balance and Mobility Scale and the gait velocity with the test Timed Up and Go. For data analysis, two statistical approaches were applied: the Students t-test to evaluate balance and the chi-square or Fishers exact test to evaluate gait. Results: The results from the balance evaluation did not show significant differences between groups, genders or age groups; however, the deaf scholars had worse performance on clinic balance in all categories. In the evaluation of gait characteristics, there were significant differences between groups (p<0.001), genders (p<0.001), and age groups: 7-10 years-old (p=0.022) and 11-17 years-old (p<0.001). With respect to gait speed, results showed significant differences between groups only for female students (p=0.027) aged 7-10 years-old (p<0.001). Conclusions: Deaf students presented changes in gait and higher risk of falls compared with the hearing ones.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o equilibrio corporal e a marcha de escolares surdos e ouvintes e comparar os dados entre os grupos, considerando o sexo e a faixa etaria da amostra. METODOS: Estudo de corte transversal que avaliou 44 escolares surdos e 44 ouvintes, na faixa etaria de sete a 17 anos. A avaliacao do equilibrio e das caracteristicas da marcha foi realizada por meio da Escala de Equilibrio e Mobilidade de Tinetti, e a velocidade da marcha, pelo teste Timed Up and Go. Para a analise dos dados foram utilizadas duas abordagens estatisticas: para o equilibrio (teste t de Student) e para a marcha (teste do qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher). RESULTADOS: A avaliacao do equilibrio nao demonstrou diferencas significativas entre os grupos, os sexos e as faixas etarias, apesar de os escolares surdos apresentarem menor desempenho clinico nas categorias avaliadas. Na avaliacao das caracteristicas da marcha, os resultados apontaram diferencas significativas entre os grupos (p<0,001), os sexos (p<0,001) e todas as faixas etarias: 7-10 anos (p=0,022) e 11 - 17 anos (p<0,001). Com relacao a velocidade da marcha, os resultados demonstraram diferencas entre os grupos apenas para o sexo feminino (p=0,027) e na faixa etaria entre 7 - 10 anos anos (p<0,001). CONCLUSOES: Escolares surdos apresentaram alteracoes na marcha e maior risco para quedas quando comparados aos ouvintes.

Aggregation of the four main risk factors to non-communicable diseases among adolescents

OBJECTIVEnIt was to investigate the cluster of four main risk behaviors (smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables) related to chronic diseases from Northeastern Brazil.nnnMETHODSnCross-sectional study with a representative sample (n = 600) of high school students from public schools in Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil. The cluster was evaluated by comparing the observed prevalence expected in all the possibilities of coupling between the behaviors. The logistic regression analysis was performed by grouping three or four behaviors, after adjusting for independent variables.nnnRESULTSnWith the exception of smoking, other risk behaviors had prevalence rates above 20%. Only 0.3% (95%CI 0.1 - 1.3) of the students presented the four risk behaviors simultaneously, while 15.3% (95%CI 12.3 - 18.2) did not present anyone. Risk behaviors tended to cluster, particularly smoking and alcohol consumption, being more pronounced among boys, and physical inactivity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables among girls (p < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that, among the independent variables, those students who do not have physical education classes were 2.1 times more likely to have three or more risk behaviors added.nnnCONCLUSIONSnThe results of this study allow us to establish the prevalence of risk behaviors in cluster, which may have important implications for health policies and practices. It is suggested that educational and health actions are tested in schools, and physical education classes can be an important context for intervention.

Avaliação do equilíbrio corporal e da marcha: estudo comparativo entre surdos e ouvintes em idade escolar

Objective: To evaluate the body balance and gait of deaf and hearing students and to compare data between groups, considering the gender and the age of the sample. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 44 deaf students and 44 hearing ones aged seven to 17 years-old. The evaluation of balance and gait characteristics was performed using the Tinetti Balance and Mobility Scale and the gait velocity with the test Timed Up and Go. For data analysis, two statistical approaches were applied: the Students t-test to evaluate balance and the chi-square or Fishers exact test to evaluate gait. Results: The results from the balance evaluation did not show significant differences between groups, genders or age groups; however, the deaf scholars had worse performance on clinic balance in all categories. In the evaluation of gait characteristics, there were significant differences between groups (p<0.001), genders (p<0.001), and age groups: 7-10 years-old (p=0.022) and 11-17 years-old (p<0.001). With respect to gait speed, results showed significant differences between groups only for female students (p=0.027) aged 7-10 years-old (p<0.001). Conclusions: Deaf students presented changes in gait and higher risk of falls compared with the hearing ones.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o equilibrio corporal e a marcha de escolares surdos e ouvintes e comparar os dados entre os grupos, considerando o sexo e a faixa etaria da amostra. METODOS: Estudo de corte transversal que avaliou 44 escolares surdos e 44 ouvintes, na faixa etaria de sete a 17 anos. A avaliacao do equilibrio e das caracteristicas da marcha foi realizada por meio da Escala de Equilibrio e Mobilidade de Tinetti, e a velocidade da marcha, pelo teste Timed Up and Go. Para a analise dos dados foram utilizadas duas abordagens estatisticas: para o equilibrio (teste t de Student) e para a marcha (teste do qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher). RESULTADOS: A avaliacao do equilibrio nao demonstrou diferencas significativas entre os grupos, os sexos e as faixas etarias, apesar de os escolares surdos apresentarem menor desempenho clinico nas categorias avaliadas. Na avaliacao das caracteristicas da marcha, os resultados apontaram diferencas significativas entre os grupos (p<0,001), os sexos (p<0,001) e todas as faixas etarias: 7-10 anos (p=0,022) e 11 - 17 anos (p<0,001). Com relacao a velocidade da marcha, os resultados demonstraram diferencas entre os grupos apenas para o sexo feminino (p=0,027) e na faixa etaria entre 7 - 10 anos anos (p<0,001). CONCLUSOES: Escolares surdos apresentaram alteracoes na marcha e maior risco para quedas quando comparados aos ouvintes.

Ética na pesquisa com seres humanos: revisão dos artigos publicados na Revista Paulista de Educação Física (1996-2004)

With the publication of the Resolution 196/96 of the Brazilian National Health Council, all research projects must observe the ethical principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. Ethical Committees are responsible for observing the procedures used in the development of studies and periodicals must incorporate the resolution in their publication guidelines. The objective of this study was to analyze the contents of original manuscripts published in the Paulista Journal of Physical Education in light of their observance of the ethical principles in human subject research. All articles published between 1996 and 2004 were analyzed. Each article was evaluated along the following dimensions: study outline and ethical questions. The analyses included descriptive statistics procedures and exploratory analysis. There was mention of a guarantee of anonymity in only two studies, while five articles mentioned the signature of a term of free and informed consent. Only two articles made express reference to the Ethical Committees approval of the study. No article mentioned all three safeguards. Though the Paulista Journal of Physical Education submission guidelines suggest that authors include references to the subjects’ consent, only a small number contained that information. It is suggested revision of the publication norms of the Paulista Journal of Physical Education, showing more incisively the necessity of information of ethical aspects in the body of the manuscript.