Rajesh K. Kesharwani

Synthesis, biological activity evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel coumarin substituted thiazolyl-3-aryl-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes.

A novel series of coumarin substituted thiazolyl-3-aryl-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes (4a-o) were synthesized via an efficient, one-pot multicomponent approach involving 3-(2-bromoacetyl)coumarins (1a-g), thiosemicarbazide (2) and substituted acetophenones (3a-c) utilizing Vilsmeier-Haack reaction condition with good yields. The title compounds structure was elucidated by spectroscopic data (IR, NMR and Mass) and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, DU-145 and HeLa cell lines and studied detailed about molecular interaction of probable target protein human microsomal cytochrome CYP450 2A6 using docking simulation. These coumarin derivatives were exhibiting moderate to appreciable cytotoxic activities. The compounds 4m and 4n exhibited significant cytotoxic activity with IC50 values having 5.75 and 6.25μM against HeLa cell line. Similarly compound 4n also exhibiting good anti cancer property and antibacterial activity against DU-145 cell line and Gram negative bacterial strains.

Medicinal Effect of Nutraceutical Fruits for the Cognition and Brain Health

The recent era is witnessing evaluation of medicinal and nutritional value of fruits and fruit juices for the management and prevention of brain diseases like headache stress, anxiety, hypertension, and Alzheimers and Parkinsons diseases by the scientists and researchers worldwide. Fruits possess various chemicals such as antioxidants and polyphenols, which reduce and balance the effect of hormone in brain responsible for brain disease. Natural remedy is cheap, easily available, nontoxic, and easy to prepare and provides good mental health as compared to other remedies. The main objective of this review is to acknowledge medicinal benefits of fruits for the cognition and management of brain disease.

Naturally Occurring Toxicants as Etiologic Agents of Foodborne Disease

Learning Objectives • Examine the etiology (causation) of human disease related to naturally-occurring foodborne toxicants. • Understand the chemical complexity of foods. • Explore goiter, tropical ataxia neuropathy (TAN), tropical amblyopia, lathyrism, and their linkage to foodborne toxicants. • Review a range of natural food toxicants that are involved in human disease. Complexity of Food Nutrients • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Minerals • Vitamins

Chapter 10 – Nanobiomaterials involved in medical imaging technologies

Recently nanobiomaterials have been used as a contrast substance for medical imaging, including in ultrasonography, computed tomography, scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging. Nanoparticles have become more prevalent in reports of novel contrast agents, especially for molecular imaging and detecting cellular processes. Fluorescent nanoparticles can easily be tuned for specific imaging purposes. They offer a more intense fluorescent light emission, longer fluorescence lifetimes, and a much broader spectrum of colors than conventional fluorophores. Nanoparticle contrast agents for ultrasound have also been developed, which may enhance the sensitive detection of vascular and cardiac thrombi, as well as solid tumors of the colon, liver, and breast, in a noninvasive manner. Most common materials that have been used for the development of photo-based nanoparticles (NPs) are polymer-based (including chitosan, dextran, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)) and metal-based (gold, silver and silica). Quantum dots, when used in conjunction with MRI, can produce exceptional images of tumor sites. Imaging agents allow clinicians to detect diseases at their earliest, most treatable, presymptomatic stage. Nanomedicines can be detected in vivo by medical imaging, after they are loaded with imaging-functionalized particles or are radioactively labeled. In this chapter we will discuss the potential advantages and applications of nanobiomaterials in the field of medical imaging.

Emerging trends of nanobiomaterials in hard tissue engineering

Abstract In the last decade many new developments have been made in hard tissue engineering. The regeneration of hard tissues, like bones and teeth, has always been challenging for bioengineering. Many researchers have used various biomaterials for engineering of mineralized (hard) tissue. The specific biological, structural and biochemical properties of biomaterials attract scientists to use them for regeneration of hard tissue. Furthermore, nanobiomaterials show self-assembly that can be used for cell three-dimensional cultures as well as tissue generation in vivo. In this chapter, we present hard tissue regeneration technologies and applications of nanobiomaterials in hard tissue engineering. The chapter focuses on the various nanobiomaterials used for tissue engineering and their modification for enhancement of scaffold properties. The chapter also summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of various nanobiomaterials and their future prospects in regenerative therapy.