Raquel de Souza Ramos

A política pública de saúde brasileira: representação e memória social de profissionais

The Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) was created 15 years ago with the aim of promoting universal access to health care. This study analyzes the content of social representations by health professionals from Rio de Janeiro concerning the systems implementation. The study was based on social representation and social memory theory and was conducted in five health care institutions with 100 professionals. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed through lexical analysis using the Alceste 4.7 software. The results showed two thematic blocks, namely the formal and real SUS. The formal representation discusses themes related to human resources policy, health system definitions and principles, and social participation. The real representation discusses the health professional-client relationship and health care structure, hierarchical and regional organization of care, and client profile. The results reflect the main characteristics of the SUS and allow the identification of representations and memories that differentiate it from the previous system.

INCREASE INCOME AND MORTALITY OF COLORRECTAL CANCER IN BRAZIL, 2001-2009

CONTEXT Several international studies have observed a correlation between the improvement of socio-demographic indicators and rates of incidence and mortality from cancer of the colon and rectum. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to estimate the correlation between average per capita income and the rate of colorectal cancer mortality in Brazil between 2001 and 2009. METHODS We obtained data on income inequality (Gini index), population with low incomes (½ infer the minimum wage/month), average family income, per capita ICP and mortality from colon cancer and straight between 2001-2009 by DATASUS. A trend analysis was performed using linear regression, and correlation between variables by Pearsons correlation coefficient. RESULTS There was a declining trend in poverty and income inequality, and growth in ICP per capita and median family income and standardized mortality rate for colorectal cancer in Brazil. There was also strong positive correlation between mortality from this site of cancer and inequality (men r = -0.30, P = 0.06, women r = -0.33, P = 0.05) income low income (men r = -0.80, P<0.001, women r = -0.76, P<0.001), median family income (men r = 0.79, P = 0.06, women r = 0.76, P<0.001) and ICP per capita (men r = 0.73, P<0.001, women r = 0.68, P<0.001) throughout the study period. CONCLUSION The increase of income and reducing inequality may partially explain the increased occurrence of colorectal cancer and this is possibly due to differential access to food recognized as a risk factor, such as red meat and high in fat. It is important therefore to assess the priority of public health programs addressing nutrition in countries of intermediate economy, as is the case of Brazil.

Equivalência semântica da versão em português do instrumento Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) para avaliar sintomas em pacientes oncológicos

Equivalencia semântica da versao em portugues do instrumento Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) para avaliar sintomas em pacientes oncologicos

Equivalência de itens e semântica da versão brasileira do EORTC QLQ-FA13

Conceptual equivalence of items and semantic equivalence in the Brazilian version of the EORTC QLQ-FA13

Estudo comparativo sobre representações da autonomia profissional elaboradas por estudantes de enfermagem iniciantes e concluintes

Objective: to compare the social representations of professional nurse autonomy produced by first and last-period undergraduate nursing students. Method: qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, based on the structural approach of social representations, the Central Core Theory, carried out with 171 students from three federal public universities, using the free association technique on the object “professional nurse autonomy”. The data were submitted to EVOC 2005 software and to similarity analysis. Results: care was the central core of the representational structure identified among the students of the first period. Among last-period students, knowledge stood out as a core element. The term responsibility was identified as common to both central cores. Conclusion: regarding professional autonomy, the results point to an overlapping process of the reified and consensual universes during the undergraduate course. However, responsibility, inherent in the profession, remains cross-sectional. For the first period students, autonomy is resignified in a practical and attitudinal way, whereas for the last period students, the knowledge acquired stimulates them to assign meaning to professional autonomy with a cognitive and attitudinal representation. The data can support the use of innovative teaching practices in nursing undergraduate courses.ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the social representations of professional nurse autonomy produced by first and last-period undergraduate nursing students. Method: qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, based on the structural approach of social representations, the Central Core Theory, carried out with 171 students from three federal public universities, using the free association technique on the object “professional nurse autonomy”. The data were submitted to EVOC 2005 software and to similarity analysis. Results: care was the central core of the representational structure identified among the students of the first period. Among last-period students, knowledge stood out as a core element. The term responsibility was identified as common to both central cores. Conclusion: regarding professional autonomy, the results point to an overlapping process of the reified and consensual universes during the undergraduate course. However, responsibility, inherent in the profession, remains cross-sectional. For the first period students, autonomy is resignified in a practical and attitudinal way, whereas for the last period students, the knowledge acquired stimulates them to assign meaning to professional autonomy with a cognitive and attitudinal representation. The data can support the use of innovative teaching practices in nursing undergraduate courses.1 Artículo parte de Tesis de Doctorado “Autonomía profesional del enfermero y sus representaciones sociales elaboradas por estudiantes de universidades públicas federales de Rio de Janeiro: contribuciones a la enseñanza superior en enfermería”, presentada en la Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. 2 PhD, Profesor Adjunto, Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio das Ostras, RJ, Brasil. 3 PhD, Profesor Titular, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. 4 PhD, Profesor Adjunto, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. 5 PhD, Enfermera, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. 6 PhD, Profesor Adjunto, Departamento de Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Estudio comparativo sobre las representaciones de la autonomía profesional elaboradas por estudiantes iniciantes y concluyentes del curso de enfermería1 Érick Igor dos Santos2 Antonio Marcos Tosoli Gomes3 Sergio Corrêa Marques4 Raquel de Souza Ramos5 Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana da Silva2 Francimar Tinoco de Oliveira6

Facilidades e Dificuldades à Autonomia Profissional de Enfermeiros no Cuidado de Pessoas com Feridas: Estudo de Representações Sociais

A autonomia profissional pressupoe independencias moral e intelectual para usufruir da capacidade de governar-se pelos proprios meios e tomar decisoes livremente. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar as representacoes sociais elaboradas por enfermeiros sobre as dificuldades para estabelecer uma autonomia profissional no cuidado as pessoas com feridas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratoria, delineada a partir da teoria de representacoes sociais em sua abordagem processual, realizada com 31 enfermeiros que desempenhavam suas funcoes em um hospital publico municipal do estado do Rio de Janeiro. As entrevistas foram transcritas e submetidas a analise de conteudo tematica, instrumentalizada pelo software Nvivo 10. No pensamento social dos enfermeiros, se a ausencia da comissao de curativos, a indisponibilidade de produtos variados para coberturas, o cerceamento da liberdade de atuacao pela instituicao e a ausencia de protocolos prejudicam a plenitude da autonomia profissional, este quadro pode ser revertido pelo estabelecimento da comissao de curativos, fornecimento de coberturas para eles, provimento da liberdade de atuacao hospitalar e desenvolvimento de protocolos institucionais. Os enfermeiros percebem fatores que podem dificultar o exercicio da autonomia profissional, mas que podem ser solucionados, dependendo das modificacoes realizaveis no contexto institucional. Conclui-se haver dualidade da instituicao na representacao social dos sujeitos, que a abordam ora como facilitadora da autonomia profissional, ora enquanto sua inibidora, baseando-se no contexto laboral que promovem aos enfermeiros em suas atividades junto a pessoas com lesoes de pele.

The social representations of medical clinic nurses on oncology palliative care: a procedural approach

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com are cancers of breast, colon and rectum, cervix, lung and thyroid gland [2]. Globalization and industrialization have generated changes in societies, with redefinitions of living standards, with standardization of working conditions, consumption and nutrition. At the same time, there were changes in world demography, with a reduction in mortality and birth rates, as well as an increase in life expectancy and population aging. This global reorganization has led to changes in health-disease processes, with decreasing rates of infectious diseases and increased rates of chronic degenerative diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases and cancer [1]. Cancer today is a disease with potential for cure when access to early diagnosis is available and treatment occurs in specialized centers, increasing survival. However, even with the progress observed in the last decades, there is still the possibility of not being cured [3].

Representação social dos enfermeiros sobre cuidados paliativos

Introduction: This study refers to a research process for the social representation of nurses on palliative care. Objectives: To identify the structure of the social representations of nurses on palliative care; discuss the implications of these representations in the daily care practices. Material and Methods: for this study were approached 70 nurses who work in the wards of a Clinical Medicine service. The data collection technique was the free recall. For this study, the inductive term was palliative care, and were requested to association five words to the study subjects. The material was then processed with the software Ensemble de programmes permettant l’analyse dês evocations (EVOC). Results and Discussion: The central system is homogeneous, has a strong negative content and provides stability representation. On the other hand, the presence of positive elements in the peripheral system as affection, comfort, dedication and humanization reinforce the flexible character of representation. It is noteworthy that the likely central core is not very sensitive to the immediate context, which means affirming that even the most utopian of palliative care sectors were opened at this time, the central core of the representation of palliative care for nurses would not immediately change. Conclusions: Despite the palliative care and its technologies are increasingly present in the hospital routine and therefore being target of ongoing debates in the vehicles of communication, their social representation, elaborated by this group of nurses continue to have strong negative content.

Tendência para o câncer de fígado e vias biliares na Região Norte do Brasil

O câncer e uma doenca que pode vir aparecer em qualquer parte do corpo, comumente em pessoas que ficam expostas constantemente aos fatores de risco especificos. O Câncer do Figado e um tumor maligno que se origina a partir de celulas que compoem o figado. O objetivo do estudo e entender o porque a regiao norte que manteve durante anos um indice de mortalidade mais elevado do que o indice nacional, comeca a ter uma reducao. Foram coletados dados sobre mortalidade por câncer do figado e das vias biliares da Regiao Norte do Brasil do SIM (Sistema de Informacao de Mortalidade). Os dados dos graficos confirmaram os indices elevados e recentemente a queda, alem de mostrar a prevalencia em homens atraves do risco relativo calculado em cima da razao de mortalidade padronizada. Esta queda pode ser associada a campanha de vacinacao contra um dos principais fatores de risco deste tipo de câncer, que e a hepatite B.

SOCIAL REPRESENTATION OF NURSES ON PALLIATIVE CARE

Introduction: This study refers to a research process for the social representation of nurses on palliative care. Objectives: To identify the structure of the social representations of nurses on palliative care; discuss the implications of these representations in the daily care practices. Material and Methods: for this study were approached 70 nurses who work in the wards of a Clinical Medicine service. The data collection technique was the free recall. For this study, the inductive term was palliative care, and were requested to association five words to the study subjects. The material was then processed with the software Ensemble de programmes permettant l’analyse dês evocations (EVOC). Results and Discussion: The central system is homogeneous, has a strong negative content and provides stability representation. On the other hand, the presence of positive elements in the peripheral system as affection, comfort, dedication and humanization reinforce the flexible character of representation. It is noteworthy that the likely central core is not very sensitive to the immediate context, which means affirming that even the most utopian of palliative care sectors were opened at this time, the central core of the representation of palliative care for nurses would not immediately change. Conclusions: Despite the palliative care and its technologies are increasingly present in the hospital routine and therefore being target of ongoing debates in the vehicles of communication, their social representation, elaborated by this group of nurses continue to have strong negative content.