Raul Alffonso Rodrigues Roa

Variabilidade genética e seleção para caracteres de crescimento da seringueira

This study aim to estimate genetic values and parameters for height and diameter of rubber tree plants by the methodology of mixed models (REML/BLUP procedure). Half-sib progenies were established set Dois Irmaos do Buriti, Mato Grosso do Sul State in complete randomised block, with 28 treatments, 5 replications and 10 plants per plot. On March, 2004, twelve months after transplanting, plant height and diameter were evaluated. The individual narrow sense heritability for plant height (0.1877) and diameter (0.4124) showed good magnitude. Estimated genetic gains of from 14.04% to 16.54% were obtained for height and 25.76% to 91.78% for diameter indicating the possibility of selection for those traits.

Avaliação genética de indivíduos de erva-mate ( Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) na região de Caarapó, MS, pelo procedimento reml/blup.

The objective of this paper was to estimate genetic values and parameters for the traits height and diameter of erva-mate individuals using the methodology of mixing models (REML/BLUP procedure). The half-sib progenies were established at the Indigenous Reserve Kaiowa and Guarani, in Caarapo/MS, in a randomized block design, with six treatments, six replications and twenty plants per plot. Nine months after planting, height and diameter were evaluated. Genetic gain predition of 4.16% for height and of 7.20% for diameter were obtained with selection of the best ten individuals. Although the genetic gain is not high for the evaluated age, it stimulate the use of these germoplasms in future evaluations at advanced ages, exploring the variability within progenies.

Seleção simultânea para porte reduzido e alta produção de látex em seringueira

Goals of this work were to evaluate genetic variability and potential of successful simultaneous selection for short stature and high rubber yield, considering relational variables: rubber yield per height unit (PBA) and rubber yield per plant basal area (PBB), both as new traits in rubber tree genetic improvement. Selection based on these variables allows identification of new genetic material suitable for high density plantations. Twenty-two half-sib progenies of half-sibs were established in Votuporanga. The trial was carried out with 22 treatments with five replications each and 10 plants per plot, planted in single lines at density of 3 x 2m. Plots were randomly distributed. At three year old age, progenies were evaluated and showed that a combination of those two traits increased genetic variability available for selection. Results also demonstrated that it is possible to have an efficient genetic improvement for simultaneously increasing rubber yield while reducing plant height. Therefore, it is possible to improve these two traits (PB and PBB) simultaneously, without losses on the main traits (PB). High correlations between PBB and PBA (0.842) and between PBB and height (-0.578) show that selection based on PBB will lead to height reduction. The type of selection proved itself efficient for increasing rubber yield while substantially reducing plant height and less reducing trunk perimeter. All these effects are desirable in a rubber tree genetic improvement program aiming at selection of genotypes suitable for higher density plantations.

Relações sociais e a erva-mate em terra indígena Kaiowá e Guarani

O presente estudo objetivou entendercomo estao as relacoes dosKaiowa e Guarani com a erva-matee as implicacoes na organizacao social,na Terra Indigena de Caarapo,MS, em um ambien te em constantesmudancas do entorno de suas areas,o que implica uma breve consideracaoda percepcao tipicamenteindigena da territorialidade. Abordam-se, neste contexto, aspectos daorganizacao social e territorialidadeindigena, com base na literatura eem relatos de informantes raros dacomunidade indigena. Os resultadosda pesquisa demonstraramque a sustentabilidade dos Kaiowae Guarani passa necessaria mentepelo fortalecimento da organizacaosocial, a partir das familias edas relacoes de parentesco quesao produzidas e reproduzidas nosterritorios, permitindo a manifestacaode territorialidades especificas.O estudo da erva-mate dentro daReserva Indigena, em Caarapo,torna-se importante enquanto conferealternativa concreta no sentidode apontar estrategias que seraodiscutidas e aplicadas ao longodo tempo. A interlocucao com osatores do processo e relevante, poisvaloriza o conhecimento tradicionale contribui para a exequibilidade deacoes futuras voltadas para a sustentabilidadeinterna

Sobreposição de geração e seleção sexuada e assexuada em progênies de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) nativas em área Kaiowá e Guarani

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar geneticamenteas progenies provenientesde plantas nativas da regiao de Caarapo-MS, apontando o melhor material comalta producao a ser disponibilizado paraa comunidade. Dessa forma, descrevera importância da especie para osKaiowa/Guarani e assim definir quaisas perspectivas que o teste de progeniestraz a partir do cultivo da especie comoalternativa de sustenta bilidade interna,na otica indigena. O teste de progeniefoi instalado sob delineamento deblocos ao acaso com 30 tratamentos(proge nies), 5 repeticoes e 10 plantaspor parcela em linhas simples, noespaca mento 3 x 2 m. Aos 14 meses deidade, as progenies foram avaliadasquanto aos caracteres: altura total dasmudas (centimetros) e diâmetro docoleto (milimetros). Os resultados geneticosobtidos sao promissores e podemcontribuir para futuros ganhos em etapasmais avancadas Embora nao sejamelevados para a idade avaliada, estimulama continuidade das avaliacoesexplorando-se a variabilidade dentrodas progenies. Com o teste a implantacaodo pomar de sementes ou clonal euma forma efetiva para atender algunsdos anseios da comunidade indigena,tanto na producao para con sumoquanto possibilidade de comercializacao.O interesse demons trado para ocultivo da especie torna explicitos osbeneficios diretos que serao repassadospara as praticas culturais, fortalecendoas relacoes sociais, com a manutencaodos costumes e subsidiando as acoesem prol da sustentabilidade indigena.