Recep Karadag

Formation and HPLC Analysis of the Natural Lake Pigment obtained from Madder (Rubia Tinctorum L.)

In this work, madder lake pigments, aluminium-madder, tin-madder and iron-madder, were obtained by the reaction of KA1(SO4)2.12H2O, FeSO4.7H2O and SnCl2.2H2O solutions with madder. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detection (DAD) method was utilized for the identification of the lake pigments. Reversed-phase HPLC with diode-array UV-Vis spectrophotometric detection was used in this identification. The extraction of dyestuffs from the lake pigments was carried out with HC1 / methanol / water (2:1:1; v/v/v) solution. From the results of the HPLC analysis of the madder lake pigments, it was determined that the alizarin present in the lake pigments was precipitated by Al(III), Fe(II) and Sn(II).

Quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) Complexes with Calcium (II) and Magnesium(II), Its Potentiometrie and Spectrophotometric studies

In this study, the stability constants of the complexes of quercetin formed with calcium(II) and magnesium(II) were determined potentiometrically by using Calvin-Bjerrum and Irving Rossotti methods and by spectrophotometry. The evaluated protonation constants of the ligand were found: logK,=9.63±0.11and logK2 = 8.32±013, at the 25°C. For the calcium and magnesium complexes logarithms of the stability constants were found: for Ca : logK=2.91±0.04, and for Magnesium: logK=3.51±0.07. From the results, the components of quercetin-metal complexes are given 1:1 (quercetin:metal ratio) both Ca(II) and Mg(II).

IDENTIFICATION BY RP-HPLC-DAD OF NATURAL DYESTUFFS FROM LAKE PIGMENTS PREPARED WITH A MIXTURE OF WELD AND DYER'S OAK DYE PLANTS

The lake pigments by means of the weld (Reseda luteola) and dyers oak (Quercus infectoria) dye plants were prepared by using KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O (alum), FeSO4 · 7H2O and SnCl2 · 2H2O mordants. A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) method was utilized for the identification of dyestuffs present in the lake pigments. The dyestuff extractions from the pigments were carried out with a solution mixture of 37% HCl:MeOH:H2O (2:1:1, v/v/v). The performed method is able to analyze and detect natural dyestuffs such as luteolin, apigenin, gallic acid, and ellagic acid present in the lake pigments.

Identification of natural yellow, blue, green and black dyes in 15th–17th centuries Ottoman silk and wool textiles by HPLC with diode array detection

Abstract High performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was utilised for the identification of dyestuffs in different plants such as dyers weld, gallnut, walloon oak, woad, indigo shrub and cochineal. The most important dyestuffs detected were natural yellow, green, beige, black and blue dyes which are found in historical textiles. In addition, reversed-phase HPLC with DAD was employed in the identification of natural dyes in extracts of historical silk art objects, from historical textiles and newly dyed silk fibres. The objects examined were from the 15th to 17th century Ottoman period and belong to the collection of the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul. Fibres with yellow, blue, black, beige and green colours were selected for the analysis. Dye components were identified in the extracts of 11 art objects analysed; both insect and plant dyes were detected.

Qualitative HPLC determination of main anthraquinone and lake pigment contents from Dactylopius coccus dye insect

0009-3130/11/4701-0103 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Marmara University, 34722, Goztepe, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey, fax: +90 (216) 336 74 68, e-mail: ozan.deveoglu@marmara.edu.tr; 2) Laboratory for Natural Dyes, Faculty of Fine Arts, Marmara University, 34718, Acibadem, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey, e-mail: rkaradag@marmara.edu.tr; 3) Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34668, Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Turkey, e-mail: tyurdun@marmara.edu.tr. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 92–93, January–February, 2011. Original article submitted July 24, 2009. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Vol. 47, No. 1, March, 2011 [Russian original No. 1, January–February, 2011]

FTIR imaging and HPLC reveal ancient painting and dyeing techniques of molluskan purple

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and imaging coupled to optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to diode-array detection are used to investigate two samples removed from a painted decoration of a burial kline and a textile fragment, both found in Koru tumulus (fifth century BCE) in Daskyleion. Tyrian purple and kaolinite were identified in both samples, thus suggesting that the aluminosilicate compound had an important role in the applied painting and dyeing processes. The textile fragment is composed of undyed cotton and silk yarns dyed with the molluskan dye. The relative compositions of the molluskan materials used in the two archaeological objects are similar and comparable with the corresponding composition measured for a purple sample originated from Murex trunculus mollusks according to the HPLC results. This result is supported by principal component analysis (PCA) which, furthermore, takes into account the relative compositions of the extracts of the three Mediterranean mollusks, published in previous reports.

Potentiometrie and Spectrophotometric Determination of the Stability Constants of Quercetin Complexes with Aluminium(III) and Iron(II)

In this study, the stability constants of the complexes of quercetin formed with aluminium(III) and iron(II) were determined potentiometrically by using the Calvin-Bjerrum and Irving Rossotti methods and spectrophotometrically. The evaluated protonation constants of the ligand were found: log K,=9.63±0.11 and log K2 = 8.32±013, at 25°C. For the aluminium and iron complexes logarithms of the stability constants were found: for Al: log Ki=14.05±0.09, log K2=10.02±0.12, and for Iron: log K,=9.44±0.11, log K2=3.86±0.08.

The characterisation by liquid chromatography of lake pigments prepared from European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to prepare, analyse and measure the colour values of the lake pigments obtained from the reaction of Al3+, Fe2+ and Sn2+ metal salts with the natural dyes present in European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.).Design/methodology/approach – A reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode‐array detection method was utilised for the identification of buckthorn lake pigments. The extraction of dyes from the lake pigments was carried out with 37% hydrochloric acid/methanol/water (2:1:1; v/v/v) solution.Findings – According to the results of the HPLC analysis of the lake pigments, it was determined that rhamnetin, kaempferol, and emodin were present in the acid hydrolysed plant extract and in the lake pigment that was precipitated by Sn(II), quercetin‐3‐arabinosid, rhamnetin, and emodin were present in the non‐hydrolysed plant extract, and kaempferol, rhamnetin, isorhamnetin, and emodin were found in the lake pigment that was precipitated by Al(III...

Aluminium(III), Fe(II) Complexes and Dyeing Properties of Apigenin(5,7,4'-trihydroxy flavone)

Apigenin and its metal complexes are used extensively in chemistry, biology and dye industry. In this study, the interactions of flavonoids with metal ions and dyeing properties of these complexes are studied and the complexes of apigenin with aluminium and iron are examined by spectrophotometric and Potentiometrie methods. The evaluated protonation constants of the apigenin were found: logKi= 8.21 and logK2= 2.83 at the 25°C. Logarithms of the stability constants were found: for Aluminium complex : logK,= 8.24, logK2 = 7.46, and logK3= 7.04 and for Iron complex : logK,= 7.52 , logK2=5.80 , and logK3= 5.00 at the 25°C. The stoichiometry of metal-apigenin complexes are given 1:3 (metal: apigenin ratio) 100 both Al(III) and Fe(II) from the results. According to our works; it can be said that Al(III) -apigenin and Fe(II)apigenin complexes are formed the dyeing process and this increases the lightfastness of the dyeing.

Determining Stability Constants of Naringenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxy Flavanone) Complexes with Aluminium (III) and Iron (II) by Potentiometric and Spectrophotometric Methods

Naringenin and its metal complexes are used extensively in chemistry, biology and dye industry. In this study, complexes of naringenin with aluminium and iron are examined by spectrophotometric and Potentiometrie methods. The stability constants of these complexes were determined potentiometrically by using Calvin-Bjerrum and Irving Rossotti methods. The evaluated protonation constants of the naringenin were found: logK|= 10.19 , logK2 = 8.31 , and logK, = 7.06 at the 25°C. Logarithms of the stability constants were found: for Aluminium complex : logKi= 15.39 logK2 = 7.12 , and logK3 = 6.47 and for Iron complex : logK|= 10.11, logK 2 = 6.40, and logK3 = 6.11 at the 25°C. The components of metal-naringenin complexes are given 1:3 (metal: naringenin ratio) both Al(III) and Fe(II) from the results.