Türkan Yurdun

Residues of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water Sources of Istanbul

The concentrations of 9 chlorinated pesticides in the water sources and tap waters of Istanbul, Turkey, were determined by gas chromatographic methods following the enrichment through adsorption and elution techniques. The observed organochlorine pesticides were α- and γ-HCH and aldrin which had been banned from use. The contents of α- and γ-HCH in raw waters were in the range of 0.34–1.7 ppb and not detected-0.077 ppb, respectively. Aldrin was observed at the concentration of 0.03 ppb in some samples. The residue levels of organochlorine pesticides in drinking water supplies of Istanbul were found significantly under the maximum permissible levels of standards. The effectiveness of potable water treatment processes and the importance of maintenance and back- washing of sand filters in pesticide removal were observed. Improper and delayed back-washings of filters caused an increase in the pesticide residues in the distributed water. In older water distribution lines, higher concentrations of some organochlorines were also observed.

Identification of natural yellow, blue, green and black dyes in 15th–17th centuries Ottoman silk and wool textiles by HPLC with diode array detection

Abstract High performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was utilised for the identification of dyestuffs in different plants such as dyers weld, gallnut, walloon oak, woad, indigo shrub and cochineal. The most important dyestuffs detected were natural yellow, green, beige, black and blue dyes which are found in historical textiles. In addition, reversed-phase HPLC with DAD was employed in the identification of natural dyes in extracts of historical silk art objects, from historical textiles and newly dyed silk fibres. The objects examined were from the 15th to 17th century Ottoman period and belong to the collection of the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul. Fibres with yellow, blue, black, beige and green colours were selected for the analysis. Dye components were identified in the extracts of 11 art objects analysed; both insect and plant dyes were detected.

Qualitative HPLC determination of main anthraquinone and lake pigment contents from Dactylopius coccus dye insect

0009-3130/11/4701-0103 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Marmara University, 34722, Goztepe, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey, fax: +90 (216) 336 74 68, e-mail: ozan.deveoglu@marmara.edu.tr; 2) Laboratory for Natural Dyes, Faculty of Fine Arts, Marmara University, 34718, Acibadem, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey, e-mail: rkaradag@marmara.edu.tr; 3) Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34668, Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Turkey, e-mail: tyurdun@marmara.edu.tr. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 92–93, January–February, 2011. Original article submitted July 24, 2009. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Vol. 47, No. 1, March, 2011 [Russian original No. 1, January–February, 2011]

DYESTUFF AND COLOUR ANALYSES OF THE SELJUK CARPETS IN KONYA ETHNOGRAPHY MUSEUM

Abstract Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with diodearray ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometric detection was used to identify dyestuffs in carpets of the Seljuk period. The objects that were examined originate from the thirteenth century and belong to the collection of the Konya Ethnography Museum in Konya, Turkey. Extraction from fibres was carried out with a 2:1:1 solution of hydrochloric acid, methanol and water. The study identified the main individual chemical components of natural anthraquinone, flavonoid and other dyes, including alizarin, purpurin, indigotin and ellagic acid, indicating that the most important classes of natural red and yellow dyes were used in these historical carpets. Colour measurements were made on the pile of the carpets and are reported as CIELAB L*, a* and b* values. The data from the dyestuff analyses and colour measurements were used to inform conservation and restoration.