Renata Andrade da Cunha

Antropometria e mastigação em crianças asmáticas

OBJETIVOS: caracterizar os padroes da antropometria facial em criancas asmaticas; identificar a presenca de assimetrias faciais em criancas asmaticas e nao asmaticas; e relacionar o lado de predominio mastigatorio com a presenca de assimetria facial em criancas asmaticas e nao asmaticas. METODOS: participaram da pesquisa 60 criancas com idade entre 6 e 10 anos. Destas, 30 possuiam diagnostico em prontuario de asma moderada ou grave e 30 criancas nao apresentavam asma, fazendo parte do grupo controle. Foram realizadas avaliacoes antropometrica facial e da mastigacao dessas criancas. RESULTADOS: em relacao as mensuracoes antropometricas faciais nas criancas asmaticas e nao-asmaticas nao foram reveladas diferencas significativas entre os grupos. No que diz respeito a presenca de assimetrias faciais, observou-se que estas ocorreram no grupo controle, assim como, no grupo asmatico. O padrao mastigatorio predominante em ambos os grupos foi o bilateral simultâneo e quando relacionados a assimetria facial e o predominio mastigatorio, nao foram encontradas associacoes significantes. CONCLUSAO: nao foram encontradas diferencas significativas entre o grupo controle e o grupo asmatico em relacao as mensuracoes antropometricas. A assimetria facial foi observada nos dois grupos avaliados. Em ambos o padrao mastigatorio bilateral simultâneo foi predominante, porem quando realizada a relacao entre assimetria facial e o lado de predominio mastigatorio, nao se observou relacoes significativas.

Surface electromyography: proposal of a protocol for cervical muscles

Purpose: to present a proposal of a surface electromyography evaluation method for cervical muscles specific and detailed protocol, with a standardized collection method of electrical signal in these muscles. Method: the researchers took as reference the existing publications about this subject which evidenced a need for standardization, clarity, better reproducibility and greater specificity for the surface electromyography evaluation of the upper trapezium and sternocleidomastoid muscles fibers. The proposal preparation process for the current protocol included the cleaning of the target area, placing the electrodes, required tasks in order to collect and register the electrical signal and interpretation of the electromyography signal parameters. This evaluation method was carried out in 24 healthy volunteers of both genders, with an average age of 26 years. We used the electromyography Miotool 400 with 4 channels. Result: an evaluation surface electromyography method for upper trapezium and sternocleidomastoid muscles fibers was developed and tested in order to determine the best form of electrical signal data collection for these muscles. Conclusion: we submitted a protocol proposal to evaluate the cervical muscles by a surface electromyography, allowing the healthy professionals and researchers to get more information about this electrical potential evaluation method for the sternocleidomastoid and the upper trapezium muscles fibers. This knowledge will be an adjuvant in a more specific therapy.

Respiratory muscle strength in asthmatic children

Summary Introduction: Changes in the respiratory system of asthmatics are also due to the mechanical disadvantage caused by the increased airway resistance. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the respiratory muscle strength and nutritional status of asthmatic children. Method: This is a prospective descriptive and transversal study with 50 children aged 7 to 12 years, who were placed into 2 groups, asthmatic and non-asthmatic. Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated on the basis of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP). The nutritional status was evaluated by measuring the anthropometric data, including height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). The findings were subjected to analysis of variance, chi-square, and Students t test, and p-values < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In our comparisons, we observed statistically significantly lower values for age, weight, and height in asthmatic patients: 8.52 ± 1.49 years, 30.62 ± 7.66 kg, and 129.85 ± 10.24 cm, respectively, vs. non-asthmatic children(9.79 ± 1.51 years, 39.92 ± 16.57 kg, and 139.04 ± 11.62 cm, respectively). There was no significant increase in MIP and MEP between the groups: MIP was -84.96 ± 27.52 cmH2O for the asthmatic group and -88.56 ± 26.50 cmH2O for the non-asthmatic group, and MEP was 64.48 ± 19.23 cmH2O for asthmatic children and +66.72 ± 16.56 cmH2O for non-asthmatics. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between groups, but we observed that MIP and MEP were slightly higher in the non-asthmatic group than in the asthmatic group.

A eletromiografia de superfície nos periódicos nacionais em fonoaudiologia

THEME: surface electromyography in national journals in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences. PURPOSE: to characterize the approach of surface electromyography in national journals in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences. CONCLUSIONS: there are few studies about the surface electromyography in national journals in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, but most pertain to the Orofacial Motricity and Fluency areas. There seems to be a need to develop this subject and to diversify the topics referring to Speech-Language Pathology interest.

Analysis of the masticatory process of asthmatic children: Clinical and electromyographic research

Summary Introduction: The prevalence of asthma has grown considerably in recent decades, but some studies have shown stabilization of this trend. The masticatory process of asthmatic children may be altered due to asthma-related anatomo-functional changes. Objective: The study objective was to determine the clinical and electromyographic characteristics of the masticatory process in asthmatic children and compare the electrical activities of their masseter and anterior temporal muscles (at rest and during maximal voluntary contraction and mastication) with those of non-asthmatic children. Method: Case study. Asthmatic and non-asthmatic groups, each consisting of 30 children of both sexes between 6 and 10 years of age, were evaluated. Mastication was evaluated clinically and electromyographically in all subjects. RESULTS: The masticatory process did not differ significantly between asthmatic and non-asthmatic children. Conclusion: Although the masticatory process did not differ significantly between asthmatic and non-asthmatic children, the masticatory process of asthmatic children may be altered because of anatomical changes of Asthma.INTRODUCTION: Old age is associated with changes in the characteristics of the middle ear transmission system and in external ear resonance, and these carry implications for the hearing aid (HA) verification process for which targets and measures of the real ear insertion gain (REIG) are used. AIM: To compare the real ear unaided gain (REUG) and the equivalent volumes of the external ear (VeqEE) and the middle ear (VeqME) between elderly and adult patients. METHODS: This is a retrospective study in which the medical records of 28 elderly patients (aged between 61 and 102 years, average hearing thresholds between 38.75 and 85 dB HL) and 23 adult patients (aged 20-59, mean hearing thresholds between 31.25 and 116.25 dB HL) with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and no history of middle ear abnormalities were analyzed. Immittance measurements (VeqEE, VeqME, and pressure of the peak of maximum compliance) and the REUG (frequency and amplitude of the primary peak) were recovered for a total of 40 ears. These data were compared between elderly and adults as well as between men and women, using Students t test. Correlations (Pearson) between immittance and REUG data were also verified. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) were found for immittance and REUG data between elderly and adults, or between men and women. A negative and weak but significant correlation was observed between the REUG primary peak and VeqEE. CONCLUSION: Hearing aid verification can be performed with target and measures of the REIG in the elderly population.

Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Strength in Mouth Breathers: Clinical Evidences

Introduction The child who chronically breathes through the mouth may develop a weakness of the respiratory muscles. Researchers and clinical are seeking for methods of instrumental evaluation to gather complementary data to clinical evaluations. With this in mind, it is important to evaluate breathing muscles in the child with Mouth Breathing. Objective To develop a review to investigate studies that used evaluation methods of respiratory muscle strength in mouth breathers. Data Synthesis  The authors were unanimous in relation to manovacuometry method as a way to evaluate respiratory pressures in Mouth Breathing children. Two of them performed with an analog manovacuometer and the other one, digital. The studies were not evaluated with regard to the method efficacy neither the used instruments. Conclusion There are few studies evaluating respiratory muscle strength in Mouth Breathing people through manovacuometry and the low methodological rigor of the analyzed studies hindered a reliable result to support or refuse the use of this technique.

Electrical activity of masseter muscle in young adults during swallowing of liquid.

PURPOSE To characterize the electrical activity of the masseter muscle during swallowing of liquids in healthy young adults. METHODS Participants were 14 volunteers considered healthy according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria established for this study. The bilateral electromyographic evaluation of the masseter muscle was conducted at rest and in swallowing tasks of 14.5 ml, 20 ml and 100 ml of liquid. The electromyographic signal was normalized by the maximum voluntary activity resisted (MVAR), considered as 100% of the muscles electrical activity. RESULTS In the right masseter, the highest average percentage was found in the 20 ml task, and in the left masseter, in the 14.5 ml task. In the right masseter there was difference between the 14.5 ml and the 20 ml swallowing tasks. In the left masseter, no differences were found between the swallowing tasks. CONCLUSION The electrical activity of the masseter muscle in healthy young adults during deglutition of liquids can be influenced by volume swallowed, and present different responses bilaterally.

Efeitos da asma no estado nutricional em crianças: Revisão sistemática

Resumo Introducao A asma e uma doenca inflamatoria cronica de alta prevalencia, considerada um problema de saude publica e constitui-se como uma das causas de baixo peso e atraso do crescimento. Objectivo O objectivo do presente artigo foi rever na literatura os efeitos da asma no estado nutricional em criancas. Material e metodos Foi realizada uma revisao sistematica com busca de artigos nas bases PubMed, SciELO e LILACS. Foram excluidos os artigos de revisao, estudos com adultos ou pesquisas que nao avaliassem os efeitos da asma em criancas. Foram incluidos artigos originais em humanos. Resultados Na revisao sistematica da literatura foram encontrados 839 na base MEDLINE (1997-2008), 62 artigos na base MEDLINE (1966-1996), 47 no LILACS e 16 no SciELO - Brasil, totalizando 964 artigos. Destes, foram seleccionados 17 artigos. Conclusao Conclui-se que a evidencia de que a asma interfere no estado nutricional nao pode ser comprovada neste estudo.

Aeração nasal e força muscular respiratória em crianças respiradoras orais

PURPOSE: to observe whether there is a relationship between respiratory muscle strength and degree of nasal aeration in Mouth Breathing children. METHODS: this is an observational and a comparative cross-sectional study. The subjects were 32 Mouth Breathing children with allergic rhinitis (21 boys and 11 girls) and 30 nasal breathing without allergic rhinitis (09 boys and 21 girls), 7-12 years, subjected to evaluation for nasal aeration with Altmann mirror and to evaluation of respiratory muscle strength with digital manovacuometer (MVD(r)30). RESULTS: there was no correlation between nasal aeration and respiratory muscle strength in each subgroup. There was difference comparing values ​​of maximal expiratory pressure between mouth breathers boys and girls (p=0,0064), and between nasal breathers boys and girls (p=0,0030). There was also difference maximal inspiratory pressure between mouth breathers boys and girls (p=0,0324), and between nasal breathers boys and girls (p=0,0210). CONCLUSION: it was not possible to confirm that there is a relationship between the degree of nasal aeration and respiratory muscle strength in Mouth Breathing.

Masticatory Changes in Oral Breath Secondary to Allergic Rhinitis: Integrative Review

Introduction The III Brazilian Consensus on Rhinitis (2012) defines allergic rhinitis as a nasal mucosa inflammation, mediated by immunoglobulin E, after exposure to allergens. The classic signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis are nasal obstruction, watery rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching, often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment, and mouth breathing (breathing predominantly through the mouth, regardless of the cause, due to a nasal breathing impairment) in some cases. Objective To evaluate the literature on masticatory changes in children with mouth breathing due to allergic rhinitis. Methods We conducted a search of the past 10 years, at Bireme and MEDLINE databases, for articles that covered masticatory changes in children with mouth breathing secondary to allergic rhinitis. Results We found 1,986 articles, including 15 repeated in databases, but only two articles met the inclusion criteria fully. Discussion We found few studies to answer the question raised in this review, and those studies have some methodological limitations. Most articles claimed no have statistically significant differences in masticatory changes in this population. Conclusion A better controlled study (isolating diseases, exposure time), with a larger sample (sample calculation appropriate), would be necessary to examine such changes.