Renata Aparecida de Andrade

Influence of the temperature in germination of seeds of jabuticaba tree

A jabuticabeira (Myrciaria spp.) e uma fruteira originada do centro-Sul do Brasil e apresenta tipos diferentes. E uma arvore de tamanho medio, com tendencia a formar copa com grande numero de ramos desde pouco acima do solo. Uma caracteristica considerada como limitante para a cultura comercial dessa frutifera e o grande periodo juvenil, aconselhando-se entao produzir bons porta-enxertos de pes-francos e enxertar as variedades desejadas, ou ainda por outros processos vegetativos. Objetivando-se avaliar a influencia da temperatura na germinacao de sementes de tres clones de jabuticabeira, realizou-se um experimento em condicoes de laboratorio. Observou-se que ha influencia da temperatura na porcentagem de germinacao, sendo que, nas mais baixas temperaturas (15oC e 20oC), foi verificada uma maior porcentagem de germinacao para os tres clones em estudo. Quando do uso da temperatura de 35oC, dois clones tiveram apenas 8% de germinacao, enquanto, para o outro, foi verificado 35%. Estes dados mostram a possibilidade de ocorrencia de variabilidade entre clones de jabuticabeira.

Caracterização morfológica e química de frutos de rambutan

With the increase in the search of alternatives by the producers, and of new options for the consumers, the market of exotic fruits has been gainig more space in Brazil. The rambutan is among the fruits with market potential, however it is necessary more knowledge about the culture, appropriate genotype choice for each area and handling of the orchard. Considering that, the present research was accomplished at the Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias - UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, aiming to study the morphologic and chemical characterization of rambutan fruits, verifying the genotype distinction and the genetic distance among the materials. It was evaluated: fruit size, filament length, peel thickness, seed size, fruit, peel and seed weight, pulp percentage, soluble solid contents (oBrix), ascorbic acid and titrable acidity. Morever, the following observations were conducted: peel coloration, filaments and pulp, adherence of the pulp to the peel, adherence of the pulp to the seed and presence of tegument of the seed in the pulp. Based on the obtained results in this research, it can be concluded that the materials A51 and B03 present a better group of desirable characteristics, revealing to be promising for the producers in the installation of new culture plantings.

Influência da fonte material e do tempo de cura na propagação vegetativa da pitaya vermelha (Hylocereus undatus Haw)

A pitaya vermelha e uma cactacea cujos frutos sao de interesse comercial crescente por produtores e consumidores. No entanto, ainda ha diversos aspectos sobre seu cultivo que precisam ser elucidados, proporcionando rentabilidade ao produtor. Diante disso, realizou-se o presente trabalho, que teve como objetivo obter informacoes quanto a propagacao vegetativa desta fruteira, utilizando-se de diferentes fontes de material em funcao do tempo de cura. O experimento foi realizado no Ripado de Fruticultura, pertencente ao Departamento de Producao Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias - Unesp - Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP, utilizando estacas de plantas de pitaya de diferentes origens (planta adulta, estacas de brotacoes de plantas adultas recem-enraizadas e planta em inicio de desenvolvimento, originaria de semente), submetidas a 3 periodos de cura: 0; 7 e 14 dias. As avaliacoes foram quanto a: enraizamento; volume de raiz; comprimento da maior raiz (cm); massas fresca e seca das raizes (gramas); numero e tamanho das brotacoes nas estacas (cm). Foram realizadas 5 repeticoes, com 10 estacas cada, totalizando 150 estacas de cada material. Nas condicoes em que o experimento foi realizado, pode-se concluir que a estaquia deve ser realizada tao logo feita a segmentacao dos cladodios e que as estacas obtidas de brotacoes de plantas recem-enraizadas apresentam melhores resultados.

Influência da temperatura na germinação de sementes de Annona Montana

Com o objetivo de avaliar a influencia da temperatura sobre a porcentagem de germinacao e o indice de velocidade de germinacao (IVG) de sementes de Annona montana, conhecida como falsa graviola, especie com potencial para porta-enxerto das variedades comerciais, testaram-se quatro temperaturas (20; 25; 30 e 35oC). O trabalho foi desenvolvido em laboratorio em câmaras de germinacao tipo BOD, utilizando-se de sementes de tres plantas provenientes do Banco de Germoplasma do Departamento de Producao Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias - UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeticoes, com dez sementes cada. Pelos resultados obtidos, tem-se que tanto para o parâmetro porcentagem de germinacao como para o IVG, os maiores valores observados foram para as sementes na temperatura de 30oC (55% de germinacao e IVG = 0,153), seguido da temperatura de 25oC (25% de germinacao e IVG = 0,088). Para as temperaturas de 20oC e 35oC, nao foi observada ocorrencia de germinacao. A analise estatistica dos dados de porcentagem de germinacao foi transformada em arc-sen square root (x/100) e as medias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade.

Caracterização de quatro grupos de jabuticabeira, nas condições de Jaboticabal-SP

The present research was carried out with the objective to evaluate the morphological and physical characteristics of plants and fruits of jaboticaba trees, from the collection of the FCAV - UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State. Among the 160 plants of the collection, 40 flowering trees were selected for this research. These plants were grouped according to morphological simmilarities, in four groups, identified as Jab-1, Jab-2, Jab-3 and Jab-4. In these groups the folowing variables were evaluated: plant heigh, stalk diamenter, crows diameter, brauch internode lengh, leaf width and lengh, fruit diameter, fruit lengh, number of seeds per fruit and fresh mass of the bark, pulp and seed of the fruits. Data were statistically analised as a completed randomized plots design, with your treatments (four groups of plants) and five replications composed by two plants each. Analysis of variance was performed by (F) test, and the means were compared by Tuckey test. It was observed great variability among studied groups. The group Jab-4 was the most promising for breeding programs because its precocity, fruit production smaller trees larger proportion of pulp, in spite of smallen fruits size in comparison to these from other groups.

Propagação vegetativa de porta-enxertos para citros

The rooting of cuttings is a method of vegetative propagation that maintains the characteristics of the mother plant and increases the number of plants quickly, which is of great interest for the citriculture, besides allowing the propagation of materials in the juvenile phase. The obtainment of rootstocks for cutting is a practice that can possible make, besides the reduction of the period in the seedlings formation, the production of plants of smaller load and to guarantee the uniformity of the orchard. The objective of the present work consists in the observation and comparison of the vegetative propagation, for rooting, to four rootstocks used in the production of citric seedlings (Poncirus trifoliata, Citrus volkameriana, Citrumelo Swingle and Citrus limonia), under the influence of different doses of IBA (indolbutiric acid). The experiment was led in the camera of intermittent nebulization and the cuttings received treatments with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg.L-1 of IBA. It was evaluated: survival percentage; rooting percentage; length and medium number of roots. Analyzing the results it can be conclude that: Citrus limonia and Citrus volkameriana showered better results than the obtained results to others species in study; the percentage of survival is influenced by the dose of IBA and period of the year that the cuttings are collected; the rooting percentage is influenced by the specie of the rootstock and the epoch of collect; the medium length of the roots are influenced by the rootstock and the epoch of collect of the cuttings; the medium number of roots are influenced by the dose of the IBA and the rootstock.

Aspectos morfológicos de folhas na diferenciação de variedades de carambola

In some vegetable species, the distinction among varieties can be done based on morphological aspects of the leaves that allow the differentiation even when they do not have flowers and/or fruits. The aim of this work was to differentiate the varieties of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) by foliar aspects. It was evaluated four varieties of star fruit: Arkin, B-10, Golden Star and Hart, with four replications containing 10 leaves in each one. The results obtained showed that exist morphological foliar differences among the varieties of star fruit, being permitted the distinction, especially in nursery conditions.

Effect of temperature on percentage of germination of canistel seeds (Pouteria campechiana)

The canistel is a fruit originated in Mexico and Central America, being introduced in Brazil in 1986. The plants present medium size, however it can reach up to 15 meters of height; the leaves measure about 10 to 25 cm; the flowers are complete and small and the fruit presents yellow coloration when ripe, with whitish pulp and sweet flavor. The propagation can be realized by seed or grafting. In view of almost total absence of information about the culture and the possibility to have a commercial cultivation, the present work, was live in which the effect of the temperature was evaluated in the percentage of germination of the seeds. It was checked that the best averages were obtained in temperature of 30oC and the minor in 15oC, 20oC and 40oC could be considerate the worst of them.

Detecção de polimorfismo em porta-enxertos para citros

The purpose of this work was to verify the existence of seedlings originated from the zygotic embryo, in commercial nurseries of citric seedlings. I was used the AFLP technique and four species of citrus rootstocks. It was observed a narrow genetic base among the tested species and also a great variability among the materials, independent of the nursery that they were collected. These results showed that the visual selection, commonly done in the nurseries, is inefficient.

Cultivo do rambotä

The cultivation of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) is a recent activity in Brazil and many of the technical recommendations are extrapolated from other producing countries. In Brazil, the commercial plantation of rambutan, are restricted to the states of Bahia, Para and Sao Paulo and are formed by plants propagated sexually, and so presents a high genetic variability. This variability rambuteiras has allowed the selection of genotypes that produce fruit with the features required for export. Some pests and diseases have been reported in rambuteiras in Brazil. The production is sold domestically as fresh fruit.