Rhaisa Gontijo Soares

A mensuração do estigma internalizado: revisão sistemática da literatura

Internalized stigma is a processual phenomenon established as the individual becomes aware of his stigmatized condition, and agrees to apply its own negative stereotypes about their disorder. Aiming to cognize the measurement instruments of internalized stigma, a systematic review of literature was undertaken in January 2011 on Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs and Scielo databases, using the terms internalized stigma and self-stigma. Eleven scales were analyzed, 6 of them measured internalized stigma toward mental disorders. The analysis reveals conceptual and methodological problems of the studies, pointing out intrinsical difficulties to investigate the phenomenon and offering subsidies to forthcoming researches. In spite of the limitations, the growing number of scales demonstrates the relevance of the topic in Mental Healths area and provides an advance in knowledge about the factors related to the stigmatization process.Internalized stigma is a processual phenomenon established as the individual becomes aware of his stigmatized condition, and agrees to apply its own negative stereotypes about their disorder. Aiming to cognize the measurement instruments of internalized stigma, a systematic review of literature was undertaken in January 2011 on Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs and Scielo databases, using the terms internalized stigma and self-stigma. Eleven scales were analyzed, 6 of them measured internalized stigma toward mental disorders. The analysis reveals conceptual and methodological problems of the studies, pointing out intrinsical difficulties to investigate the phenomenon and offering subsidies to forthcoming researches. In spite of the limitations, the growing number of scales demonstrates the relevance of the topic in Mental Healths area and provides an advance in knowledge about the factors related to the stigmatization process.

Revisão sistemática da literatura sobre estigma social e alcoolismo

Systematic literature review about social stigma and alcoholism. A large number of studies have focused on stigma and its health consequences. Drugs related disorders are pointed as the most stigmatized conditions in Latin America. Thus this paper aims to review the scientific literature about social stigma and alcoholism. A systematic review of literature was accomplished among four databases: LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information), PsycInfo, PubMed and SciELO between 1997 and 2007 with these following keywords: stigma, stereotyped attitudes, stereotyping and alcoholism. Nine articles remained after exclusion and inclusion criteria application and were analyzed. In sum, the studies had no objectives, instruments and population convergence, illustrating an absence of a clear stigma measure method. Moreover the number of studies is not increasing as expected. As a public health concern, more funding and research is needed to development of prevention and rehabilitation procedures.

Moralização sobre o uso de álcool entre estudante de curso de saúde

Alcohol use is one of the major conditions that display a worldwide moralizing connotation. The objective of this present article was to investigate the stereotypes and the moral attribution of the Health College Students (HCS) about the dependence of alcohol. 138 HCS enrolled on undergraduate health courses participated of the study. Three instruments were used: questionnaire about the personal characteristics of the professionals, Evaluation questionnaire about stereotypes and moralization of the use of alcohol. Was verified that for the use of alcohol, the perception model of the HCS was moral and one of the biggest difficulties for them dealing with the patients referred to the alcoholics.

The relationship between self-stigma and sociodemographic variables in people with substance abuse

Self-stigma occurs when members of a stigmatized group internalize negative views of themselves, resulting in devaluation and withdrawal. Studies have shown that people with substance use are heavily stigmatized and may internalize these negative beliefs about themselves. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between self-stigma and sociodemographic variables such as age, years of education, religious practice, and employment status. The instruments used were the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale adapted for substance users and a sociodemographic questionnaire developed by the authors, both applied in face-to-face interviews. The sample was composed by 248 patients diagnosed with substance abuse participating in treatment in Juiz de Fora, Brazil. Ninety-four percent of participants were male with a mean age of 35.3 years (SD = 10.9); 69.1% were unemployed, with the mean duration of their education of 7.9 years (SD = 4.8), and 51.3% were not practicing any religion. Associations between sociodemographic variables and internalized stigma were examined using the Spearman correlation test and t-test for independent samples. For all the analyses, we assumed confidence intervals of 95% (p < 0.05). The ISMI scores were not correlated to any of the sociodemographic variables, suggesting that certain psychosocial variables have greater influence on the internalization of stigma. However, analyses revealed that the only variable showing a difference between the means was employment status (t = -2.06; p < 0.05), indicating that people who are unemployed have greater self-stigma than people who are working. This may be due to employed persons having a greater inclusion in a social environment, which promotes a higher quality of social interactions. These results highlight the need to identify variables influencing self-stigma among people with drug use in order to develop interventions that lessen self-stigma more effectively.

The measurement of internalized stigma: systematic review of literature

Internalized stigma is a processual phenomenon established as the individual becomes aware of his stigmatized condition, and agrees to apply its own negative stereotypes about their disorder. Aiming to cognize the measurement instruments of internalized stigma, a systematic review of literature was undertaken in January 2011 on Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs and Scielo databases, using the terms internalized stigma and self-stigma. Eleven scales were analyzed, 6 of them measured internalized stigma toward mental disorders. The analysis reveals conceptual and methodological problems of the studies, pointing out intrinsical difficulties to investigate the phenomenon and offering subsidies to forthcoming researches. In spite of the limitations, the growing number of scales demonstrates the relevance of the topic in Mental Healths area and provides an advance in knowledge about the factors related to the stigmatization process.Internalized stigma is a processual phenomenon established as the individual becomes aware of his stigmatized condition, and agrees to apply its own negative stereotypes about their disorder. Aiming to cognize the measurement instruments of internalized stigma, a systematic review of literature was undertaken in January 2011 on Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs and Scielo databases, using the terms internalized stigma and self-stigma. Eleven scales were analyzed, 6 of them measured internalized stigma toward mental disorders. The analysis reveals conceptual and methodological problems of the studies, pointing out intrinsical difficulties to investigate the phenomenon and offering subsidies to forthcoming researches. In spite of the limitations, the growing number of scales demonstrates the relevance of the topic in Mental Healths area and provides an advance in knowledge about the factors related to the stigmatization process.

Validação da Versão Brasileira da Escala ISMI Adaptada para Dependentes de Substâncias

Esse estudo teve como objetivo validar a escala Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness – ISMI adaptada para dependentes de substâncias psicoativas, no Brasil. Metodo: a pesquisa foi conduzida com uma amostra de 299 dependentes de substâncias. Resultados: O valor do alfa de Cronbach do escore total foi de 0,83 e o Coeficiente Spearman-Brown de 0,76. A validade de constructo, estimada pela Analise Fatorial Exploratoria de Maxima Verossimilhanca, demonstrou correlacao estatisticamente significativa (p<0,01) entre a ISMI e as escalas CES-D (r=0,47), Escala de Esperanca de Herth (r=-0,19) e Escala de Auto-estima de Rosenberg (r=-0,48). Discussao: A versao brasileira da ISMI demonstrou propriedades psicometricas satisfatorias e promete ser um instrumento util para mensurar estigma internalizado entre dependentes de substâncias.

La mensuración del estigma internalizado: revisión sistemática de la literatura

Internalized stigma is a processual phenomenon established as the individual becomes aware of his stigmatized condition, and agrees to apply its own negative stereotypes about their disorder. Aiming to cognize the measurement instruments of internalized stigma, a systematic review of literature was undertaken in January 2011 on Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs and Scielo databases, using the terms internalized stigma and self-stigma. Eleven scales were analyzed, 6 of them measured internalized stigma toward mental disorders. The analysis reveals conceptual and methodological problems of the studies, pointing out intrinsical difficulties to investigate the phenomenon and offering subsidies to forthcoming researches. In spite of the limitations, the growing number of scales demonstrates the relevance of the topic in Mental Healths area and provides an advance in knowledge about the factors related to the stigmatization process.Internalized stigma is a processual phenomenon established as the individual becomes aware of his stigmatized condition, and agrees to apply its own negative stereotypes about their disorder. Aiming to cognize the measurement instruments of internalized stigma, a systematic review of literature was undertaken in January 2011 on Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs and Scielo databases, using the terms internalized stigma and self-stigma. Eleven scales were analyzed, 6 of them measured internalized stigma toward mental disorders. The analysis reveals conceptual and methodological problems of the studies, pointing out intrinsical difficulties to investigate the phenomenon and offering subsidies to forthcoming researches. In spite of the limitations, the growing number of scales demonstrates the relevance of the topic in Mental Healths area and provides an advance in knowledge about the factors related to the stigmatization process.

THE END OF STIGMA? Changes in the Social Experience of Long-Term Illness

This innovative book explores the concept and impact of stigma in the context of long-term illness, with specific examples drawn from the fields of HIV, substance misuse and mental health.