Ricardo Alves de Olinda

Effects of temperature on the life cycle, expansion, and dispersion of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in three cities in Paraiba, Brazil.

ABSTRACT: The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue and is common throughout tropical and subtropical regions. Its distribution is modulated by environmental factors, such as temperature. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of temperature on the life cycle and expansion of Ae. aegypti populations in the cities of Campina Grande, João Pessoa, and Patos. Samples of Ae. aegypti were collected in the three cities and raised in the laboratory. We assessed the life cycles of the three Ae. aegypti populations under six constant temperatures (16, 22, 28, 33, 36, and 39° C), selected on the basis of historical temperature tendencies of each city. We also used existing climate data to calculate projected temperature increases for all three areas. Our results suggest that Campina Grande, João Pessoa, and Patos will experience, respectively, maximum temperature increases of 0.030° C/year, 0.069° C/year, and 0.061° C/year, and minimum temperature increases of 0.019° C/year, -0.047° C/year, and -0.086° C/year. These projected increases will result in temperatures favorable to the Ae. aegypti life cycle, causing rapid population growth. Therefore, Ae. aegypti populations are likely to expand in the mesoregions represented by these cities.

Trends in annual and seasonal temperature and precipitation extremes in campina grande - pb

Due to the rapid urban expansion and tourism potential of the region the objective of this study was to obtain the temporal distribution of extreme climatic indices dependent on daily temperature and precipitation which were defined by WMO for the period 1975-2011, and by using the non-parametric statistical tests to obtain the magnitude of the trends for the studied indices at the Campina Grande city - PB. The results showed that the minimum and maximum daily temperatures have increased gradually over the last decades, showing increased seasonal trends over the years and minimum temperatures experienced a greater trend increase. The number of warmer daytimes and nights per year has increased, thereby providing a significant reduction in colder daytimes and nights. It was observed that the minimum and maximum temperatures have higher trends of increase in the fall and spring seasons, respectively. Based on extreme precipitation indices, although not statistically significant, it was observed that heavy rains tend to increase, occurring in a shorter period of time.

TRENDS IN TEMPERATURE AND GROWING SEASON LENGTH IN IDAHO-USA DURING THE PAST FEW DECADES

This study attempts to provide new information on seasonal and annual trends, on a regional scale, using records of daily air temperature over Idaho, USA, through the analysis of the Growing Season Length (GSL), and maximum and minimum air temperature data from multiple stations in the region, as well as, to obtain the temporal correlation between the daily air temperature and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) indices. The analyses were conducted using long-term and high quality data sets for 35 meteorological stations for the period between 1970 and 2006. The results suggest that both daily maximum and minimum temperatures had increasing trends, but the minimum air temperature is increasing faster than the maximum air temperature. On average, the GSL has increased by 7.5 days/decade during the period 1970-2006, associated with increasing temperatures. Trends in regional air temperature and their indication of climate change are of interest to Idaho and the rest of the world. The trends obtained herein corroborate with the general idea that during the last century the globe has warmed.

INFLUÊNCIA DO CLIMA NA INCIDÊNCIA DE INFECÇÃO RESPIRATÓRIA AGUDA EM CRIANÇAS NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE CAMPINA GRANDE E MONTEIRO, PARAÍBA, BRASIL

The present study evaluated the influence of climatic variables (rainfall, air temperature and humidity) on the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in children under two years old in the counties of Monteiro and Campina Grande, Paraiba, during the period from 1998 to 2012. A multiple linear correlation model was used to assess relationship between climate variables and the number of cases of ARI. The results for Campina Grande, revealed a quadratic behavior of the IRA variable in children under two years old and the maximum occurrence of these cases between the years 2003 and 2005. However, at Monteiro, the annual number of occurrence of ARI cases is highly variable and irregular. In Campina Grande, only temperature and relative humidity were significant to represent the incidence of ARI in children younger than 2 years, with 99% of the variability explained by the model. However, at Monteiro, the analysis shows that the three climate variables were significant for representing the incidence of these infections with 90% of the variability explained by the model.

ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA PRECIPITAÇÃO NO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA UTILIZANDO MODELOS DE REGRESSÃO POLINOMIAL

The State of Paraiba shows high spatial and temporal variability in rainfall distribution. In addition, there are many locations with no information about the precipitation values. Thus, the use of polynomial regression (trend surface) in an attempt to obtain estimates of precipitation can be an alternative to a better understanding of the spatiotemporal variability of this meteorological parameter. Thus, the main objective of this study was to use the method of polynomial regression as a tool to estimate monthly averages of rainfall at known locations (weather and rain gauges stations) and compare them with measured values, in order to verify its accuracy within the region of interest. Monthly precipitation data series from 102 weather stations distributed throughout the State of Paraiba, in the period 1962-2001 have been used. The data showed high spatial variability across the state. The 3rd and 4th order polynomial regressions have best fit the observed data and the comparison between measured and estimated precipitation values showed that the months from June to November showed the smallest differences over almost the Paraiba territory. Thus, the method adopted is presented as a promising tool to estimate monthly rainfall in the State of Paraiba.

Qualidade de vida no trabalho de agentes de segurança penitenciária: Uma análise a partir do TQWL-42

EnglishOBJECTIVE:To measure and verify factors associated with the quality of life at the workplace of prison security agents of the prison system. METHOD:This is a cross-sectional study, carried out in five penitentiaries in the State of Paraiba. 162 penitentiary security agents answered the questionnaire TQWL-42. RESULTS:The overall assessment of quality of life at the workplace was 56.25. Variables age and length of service and the sociological / relational spheres; economic / political and environmental / organizational aspects were statistically significant in relation to the global evaluation and self-assessment of the quality of life at the workplace respectively. The chi-square test revealed a significant association between length of service and quality of life at the workplace. CONCLUSION:The work practice of prison interferes in security agents’ quality of life. So it is mandatory the State investment to minimize possible stressors. portuguesOBJETIVO: Mensurar e verificar fatores associados a qualidade de vida no trabalho dos agentes de seguranca penitenciaria do sistema prisional. METODO: Estudo transversal, realizado em cinco penitenciarias do Estado da Paraiba. Responderam o questionario TQWL-42 162 agentes de seguranca penitenciaria. RESULTADOS: A avaliacao global da qualidade de vida no trabalho foi de 56,25. As variaveis idade e tempo de servico e as esferas sociologica/relacional; economica/politica e ambiental/organizacional mostraram-se estatisticamente significativas em relacao a avaliacao global e autoavaliacao da qualidade de vida no trabalho, respectivamente. O teste de qui-quadrado revelou associacao significativa entre o tempo de servico e a qualidade de vida no trabalho dos agentes de seguranca penitenciaria. CONCLUSAO: O exercicio laboral dos agentes de seguranca penitenciaria representa um aspecto que interfere em sua qualidade de vida no trabalho, assim, e premente a realizacao de investimentos do Estado com vistas em minimizar os possiveis estressores.

Trends in Temperature and Rainfall Extremes near the Artificial Sobradinho Lake, Brazil

The formation of artificial lake due construction of a hydroelectric plant causes irreversible environmental impacts. Studies associated with these artificial lakes for the Brazilian semiarid region are still insufficient. Thus, the objective of this study is to provide new information on the trends of climatic extremes, dependent on rainfall and air temperature, for the Sobradinho Hydroelectric Power Plant (SHPP) lake region, through the analysis of climate change indices. This study is particularly important for the SHPP region because microclimate changes have significant impacts on the natural, social and economic sectors. For the two analyzed stations (Bebedouro-PE and Mandacaru-BA), it is not possible to affirm that the construction of the SHPP artificial lake altered the local microclimate. Trends of increase in maximum temperature, the number of hot days and diurnal temperature range were noticed. However, the rise of these indices cannot be attributed to the formation of the SHPP lake. The influence of the SST of Tropical Oceans on the temporal behavior of some of the indices used in this study may have contributed to increases in hot days and nights, maximum temperature, diurnal temperature range and consecutive dry days over the region.

Qualidade de vida no trabalho dos profissionais de saúde no sistema prisional.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) dos profissionais de saude nas penitenciarias e verificar fatores associados a QVT. Realizou-se pesquisa exploratoria, descritiva e transversal, em cinco unidades prisionais. Participaram do estudo 29 profissionais de saude, que responderam o questionario TQWL-42. Os resultados foram obtidos atraves da estatistica descritiva e regressoes lineares multiplas. A QVT foi maior entre mulheres; trabalhadores mais jovens, profissionais com ensino superior incompleto ou que desempenham suas funcoes laborais no presidio entre 4 e 6 anos. A avaliacao global da QVT foi de 69,55 pontos. Observou-se que as variaveis sexo e escolaridade e as esferas biologica/fisiologica e ambiental/organizacional estao associadas a avaliacao global da QVT.This study aimed to evaluate the Quality of Work Life (QWL) of health professionals in prisons and identify QWL-associated factors. This is an exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional survey conducted in five prisons. The study included 29 health professionals, who answered the TQWL-42 questionnaire. Results were obtained through descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions. QWL was higher among women, younger workers, professionals with incomplete higher education or who have been working at the prison for 4 to 6 years. QWL overall assessment was 69.55 points. We observed that variables gender and education and biological/physiological and environmental/organizational spheres are associated with the overall assessment of QWL.

ANÁLISE DAS VARIAÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS NA OCORRÊNCIA DE DOENÇAS RESPIRATÓRIAS POR INFLUENZA EM IDOSOS NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE JOÃO PESSOA – PB

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of seasonal climatic variations in the incidence of respiratory diseases by influenza (PI) in the elderly population in the region of metropolitan João Pessoa in the state of Paraíba. Generalized linear models from the linear Poisson regression to relate the dependent variable set to the records of hospitalizations for causes associated with influenza and the independent variables (rainfall, average air temperature and relative humidity) to analyze the relations established by modeling has been used. Aditionally,was applied ANOVA variance test with a significance level of 0.05 of probability to determine which independent variables is more significant. Also the residual generated by adjusting the models in order to identify the distribution that best fitted the data were analyzed. All static analysis was performed using R software. In general is possible to identify that the highest peaks of hospitalizations for PI occur in autumn and winter. Therefore, these results suggest an association between cold and hospitalizations for IP. Statistical modeling performed satisfactory for analysis of the cases of hospitalizations for IP. However, the deepening of these temporal analysis is necessary because health depends not only on environmental factors.

Influência da Temperatura da Superfície do Mar na Ocorrência de Linhas de Instabilidade na Costa Norte e Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract This work aimed to verify the possible relationships of sampling points of the sea surface temperature spatially distrib-uted in the tropical Atlantic and the development of squall lines in North northeast coast of Brazil using techniques ofgeneralizedlinearmodeling.Forthis,weusedgeneralizedlinearmodelsfromthelinearregressionPoissonandnegativebinomial, for analysis of the relationship established by modeling was applied ANOVA variance test with significancelevel of 0.05 probability to determine which independent variables were more significant in modeling. Also the wastegenerated by the adjustment of the models in order to identify the distribution that best fitted the data were analyzed. AllstaticanalysiswasperformedinR.softwareAmongthe132pairsofobservations,themagnitudeofthecorrelationcoef-ficient of Pearson (r) ranged from 0.06 (p < 0.04) between (LI and TSM5) and 0.88 (p < 0.0001) (TSM2 and TSM5), de-spite relations TSM and episodes of LI present no linear relationship or perfect positive linear relationship between theRevista Brasileira de Meteorologia,