Rico Lie

Community Media: Muting the democratic media discourse?

Focuses on the concept of community media. Components that construct the identity of community media; Multi-theoretical approaches for analysis of community media; Definition of community media based on the concept of alternative media; Link between community media and civil society; Problems faced by community media organizations in European countries.

Correlates of delayed sexual intercourse and condom use among adolescents in Uganda: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundComprehensive sex education, including the promotion of consistent condom use, is still an important intervention strategy in tackling unplanned pregnancies, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among Ugandan adolescents. This study examines predictors of the intention to use a condom and the intention to delay sexual intercourse among secondary school students (aged 12–20) in Uganda.MethodsA school-based sample was drawn from 48 secondary schools throughout Uganda. Participants (N = 1978) completed a survey in English measuring beliefs regarding pregnancy, STIs and HIV and AIDS, attitudes, social norms and self-efficacy towards condom use and abstinence/delay, intention to use a condom and intention to delay sexual intercourse. As secondary sexual abstinence is one of the recommended ways for preventing HIV, STIs and unplanned pregnancies among the sexually experienced, participants with and without previous sexual experience were compared.ResultsFor adolescents without sexual experience (virgins), self-efficacy, perceived social norms and attitude towards condom use predicted the intention to use condoms. Among those with sexual experience (non-virgins), only perceived social norm was a significant predictor. The intention to delay sexual intercourse was, however, predicted similarly for both groups, with attitudes, perceived social norm and self-efficacy being significant predictors.ConclusionsThis study has established relevant predictors of intentions of safe sex among young Ugandans and has shown that the intention to use condoms is motivated by different factors depending on previous sexual experience. A segmented approach to intervention development and implementation is thus recommended.

New challenges for communication for sustainable development and social change: a review essay

This article provides an overview of subdisciplines in the field of Communication for Development and Social Change. Different subdisciplines of communication science are analyzed to assess their connection to the field. Building on these subdisciplines the article reviews health communication, agricultural extension and rural communication, and environmental communication as practice-based subdisciplines of Communication for Development and Social Change. By assessing the current development and communication approaches within the different subdisciplines, the article aims to better understand the current state-of-the-art of the field and identify future imperatives.

Sexual and reproductive health and rights: implications for comprehensive sex education among young people in Uganda

This paper presents the findings from an explorative study comparing sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) against local realities for young people in Uganda. This was done by analysing statements by Ugandan adolescents extracted from focus group discussions relating to two SRHRs central in this research: (1) the right of young people to complete and accurate information; and (2) the right to self-determination. We found discrepancies between these universally formulated rights and the (political, economic and community) context young Ugandans live in. Consequently, we argue how comprehensive rights-based sex education should take this local reality into account to make SRHR meaningful for Ugandan adolescents. Implications for the content, form and context of comprehensive rights-based sex education are discussed.

Multitheoretical Approaches to Community Media: Capturing Specificity and Diversity

The concept of “community media” (CM) has shown to be, in its long theoretical and empirical tradition (cf. Janowitz, 1952, 1967), highly elusive. The multiplicity of media organizations that carry this name has caused most monotheoretical approaches to focus on certain characteristics, while ignoring other aspects of the identity of community media. This theoretical problem necessitates the use of different approaches toward its definition, allowing for a complementary emphasis on different aspects of its identity. This chapter combines four theoretical approaches to capture both the diversity and specificity of community media.

Media, globalisation and culture: issues and trends

Abstract This article addresses some of the trends and issues as they relate to media and cultural globalisation. Grounded in a fundamental cultural perspective, the problematic of international communication is framed in different views of ‘local culture’, ‘cultural identity’ and ‘processes of cultural mixing’. In the end, a research framework for the study of cultural globalisation/localisation is outlined. The framework captures the issue of hybridised cultural products from a people centred perspective.

Visual informed consent: informed consent without forms

Abstract The notion of visual informed consent (VIC) is developed in the context of capturing on film the clarification of the purpose of data collection, the use of information obtained, and the rights, risks and benefits of participation on the one hand, and the registration of the participant’s understanding of this and of given consent on the other. VIC seeks to replace the paper-based informed consent procedure in situations where data are collected and used visually. Filming informed consent offers several benefits as compared to working with written forms, whereby the bureaucratic concerns for documented and ‘signed’ informed consent are given priority over the right to be informed. Based on empirical research in a context of film productions in the global South, this article documents the exploration of VIC’s potential and illustrates its procedure and relevance. Our ambition is to elucidate the VIC concept because of the increasing use of visual data in social science research.

The Landscape of Farmer Cooperatives in China: Functions and Diversity in a Changing Environment (中国农民合作社的功能与多样性变迁环境中发展现状探讨)

AbstractThe agricultural sector and the rural sector in China have experienced fundamental changes from the 1980s onward, and farmer cooperatives have emerged in response to these changes. Beginning in 1990, a series of different policies have been implemented by the Chinese government to promote farmer cooperatives (FCs). This article aims to explore the functioning of FCs on the basis of the type and scope of the services they provide and their connections with the rural communities. The findings show that activities carried out by FCs help to extend farmers’ engagement in value-chain participation and management. FCs, as organizational innovations, also provide opportunities to bring knowledge providers and farmers together. Some FCs are starting to coordinate activities for farmers, rural communities and local government to make better use of collective resources. Four types of FCs are identified in the research: commodity-based FCs, community-based FCs, specialized technology providers and credit service providers. The emergence of these four types of FCs is embedded in broader institutional developments. The government mainly promotes commodity-based FCs and specialized technology-providing FCs. Companies focus on commodity-based FCs, and research institutes and development organizations are involved in community-based FCs. These findings imply that an integrated and broader view of policies is needed to promote the development of FCs in the long run.(This article is in English.)摘要20世纪80年代以来中国的农村和农业经历了深刻的变革。从20世纪90年代开始，政府出台了一系列的政策推动农民合作社的发展，合作社数量逐步增加。本文意在展示合作社提供服务的类型和范围，以及他们与农村社区之间的联系，并以此为基础探讨合作社的功能发挥。本文研究显示合作社开展的活动有利于农户参与到农产品价值链不同环节以及价值链管理中。合作社作为一项组织创新，也为建立农户与技术提供者之间的联系搭建了桥梁。一些合作社协调农户、农村社区和政府部门之间的关系，实现了集体资源的充分利用。本研究将合作社分为四类：产品型合作社、 社区型合作社、专业技术服务合作社和资金互助合作社。这四类合作社的产生根植于外部制度环境。政府主要倡导产品型合作社和专业技术服务合作社的发展。公司致力于产品型合作社的发展，而研究机构和发展组织更多参与到社区型合作社的发展中。这些研究发现意味着政府需要制定更具包容性的政策，加强政策间的一致性，以从长远角度促进合作社的发展。

Informal tourism entrepreneurs’ capital usage and conversion

ABSTRACT This article examines informal entrepreneurs’ capital usage and conversion in the Thai tourism sector. On the Bourdieusian assumption that people perpetually transform tangible and intangible forms of capital, this study seeks to answer how informal tourism entrepreneurs transform intangible capital into tangible capital, and vice versa, at different stages of their development process. A visual dataset of 78 filmed interviews and of 426 photographs of informal entrepreneurs in three tourist-island destinations in Thailand was compiled and analysed using thematic qualitative analysis. The results show the importance of diversification of capital mix at informal entrepreneurs’ different development stages. Whereas cultural and symbolic capital are more salient for freelancers and small-size entrepreneurs, economic and social capital are more important for mid-size and large informal entrepreneurs. Furthermore, this study introduces dream capital as a new form of capital. Developing countries are recommended to introduce a policy on profiling informal tourism entrepreneurs so that the appropriate level of regulation can be applied in order to maintain or increase their benefits to society.

Design and development of a digital farmer field school. Experiences with a digital learning environment for cocoa production and certification in Sierra Leone

Abstract This article reports on the design and development of the Digital Farmer Field School (DFFS). The DFFS offers a tablet-based digital learning environment for farmers and extension agents for knowledge sharing and knowledge co-creation. It provides an alternative to conventional agricultural extension training and monitoring. The prototype DFFS applies Farmer Field School (FFS) learning principles and is designed and developed following user experience (UX) design principles and user interface (UI) design principles from a responsible innovation perspective, using existing FFS material and tailored films which support and enrich the content. The prototype DFFS has been tested in Sierra Leone to assess its success in providing a substitute for face-to-face voluntary sustainability standard certification training for cocoa farmers. Results show that the DFFS as an off-line, telephonically connected and regular on-line updated learning platform offers an appropriate environment in which collective and individual learning is stimulated and facilitated. The DFFS prototype was socio-culturally and technologically appropriate and fitted the operational and strategic communication skills of cocoa farmers and other value chain stakeholders. Films capturing the testing are available as additional learning media.