Rita Catalina Aquino Caregnato

Pesquisa qualitativa: análise de discurso versus análise de conteúdo

Considering the increasing interest in qualitative research in Nursing, we consider it relevant to know the different approaches to this analysis. This article has the objective to discuss the two kinds of approach often used in qualitative research, which is sometimes confused. A theoretical foundation is presented, in which Discourse Analysis and Content Analysis show the differences between the two forms of analysis. The main difference is that discourse analysis works with the meaning of the discourse, and content analysis works with the content of the text This studys theoretical option for Content Analysis follows the French approach, which has Pecheux as its precursor and the content analysis is based on Laurence Bardin.Considerando o crescente interesse nas pesquisas qualitativas na area de Enfermagem, acreditase ser importante o conhecimento de diferentes formas de analise existentes. Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexao sobre dois tipos de analise utilizada frequentemente na pesquisa qualitativa, algumas vezes confundidas. Apresenta-se uma fundamentacao teorica da Analise de Discurso e da Analise de Conteudo e se expoe as diferencas entre estas duas formas de analise. A principal diferenca e que a Analise de Discurso trabalha com o sentido do discurso e a Analise de Conteudo com o conteudo do texto. A opcao teorica da Analise de Discurso abordada neste estudo recai sobre a linha francesa, que tem como seu precursor Michel Pecheux e na Analise de Conteudo enfoca-se Laurence Bardin.

O estresse da equipe multiprofissional na Sala de Cirurgia

This article is a case study that presents common stressors, answers to professionals individual and collective handling in the operating room. The data was collected through interview of 32 persons of the surgical team, submitted to content analysis, arising eight differentiated categories from them: significant stress experiences; stressing situations; individual behavior in the operating room; stress handling; responsibilities and compromises; behavioral responses. Even though relationship with patients generates important life experiences, the patient was considered the minor stressor agent, being the interpersonal relations the most significant one. To cope with stressful situations the professionals use the handling focused on the problem, on emotion, on relief maneuvers, and on development of social relationships.This article is a case study that presents common stressors, answers to professional’s individual and collective handling in the operating room. The data was collected through interview of 32 persons of the surgical team, submitted to content analysis, arising eight differentiated categories from them: significant stress experiences; stressing situations; individual behavior in the operating room; stress handling; responsibilities and compromises; behavioral responses. Even though relationship with patients generates important life experiences, the patient was considered the minor stressor agent, being the interpersonal relations the most significant one. To cope with stressful situations the professionals use the handling focused on the problem, on emotion, on relief maneuvers, and on development of social relationships. Descriptors: Stress; Operating room; Behavior and behavior mechanisms.

Qualidade de vida antes e após a cirurgia bariátrica

Objective: Knowing the quality of life of obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional and prospective study that included 16 obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery. The survey instrument was the Whoqol-bref translated and validated for the Portuguese language. Data were collected before and after the bariatric surgery. The SPSS 19.0 was used for data analysis with application of the McNemars test for related samples, considering p<0.05 significant. Results: Before surgery 25% of participants considered their quality of life and health as bad or very bad, showing dissatisfaction. After surgery, all assessed their quality of life and satisfaction with health as good or very good. The percentages found in relation to negative feelings were better; it was observed that 62.5% did not express negative feelings anymore or only sometimes had these feelings. Conclusion: The results showed that the quality of life, health, feelings, satisfaction and ability to do things has improved after bariatric surgery.

História oral de mulheres com filhos portadores de Síndrome de Down

This study sought to learn about and better understand the social construction process of the identity for mothers of children with Down Syndrome. This is a case study called oral history, conducted with three women through semi-structured interviews in September of 2007. In the thematic content analysis, seven categories emerged: Discovery, Needs, Problems, Lack of guidance, Information about Down Syndrome, Prejudice and Beliefs, Religiousness, and Faith. Two sub-categories emerged in the Discovery category, denominated Feelings and Positive and Negative Demonstrations. The negative emotional impact emerged strongly upon discovering the condition of the newborn child; but later there arose a conformism of the situation, leading the mother to experiment ambivalent feelings. It is believed that orientation constitutes the first step in overcoming the new life situation of these women; however, this study demonstrated the shortage of this resource among professionals and health care services. reSUmen: El objetivo de esta investigacion fue conocer y comprender el proceso de construccion social de la identidad de las mujeres con hijos que tienen Sindrome de Down. Se trata de un estudio de caso llamado historia oral, realizado con tres mujeres, en el mes de septiembre de 2007, a traves de entrevista parcialmente estructurada. En el analisis de contenido tematico, surgieron siete categorias: Hallazgo, Necesidades, Dificultades, Falta de orientacion, Informacion sobre el Sindrome de Down, Prejuicio y creencias, Religiosidad y Fe. En la categoria Hallazgo surgieron dos subcategorias denominadas sentimientos y manifestaciones positivas y negativas. El impacto emocional negativo emergio fuertemente al descubrir la condicion del hijo recien nacido, pero, despues, surge un conformismo en relacion a la situacion, llevando la madre a experimentar sentimientos ambivalentes. Se cree que la orientacion sea el primer paso para la superacion de la nueva situacion de vida de esas mujeres, sin embargo, se constato la escasez de este recurso por parte de los profesionales y servicios de salud. paLaVraS-CHaVe: Historia oral. Sindrome de Down. Enfermagem. KeYWorDS: Oral history. Down Syndrome. Nursing. paLabraS CLaVe: Historia oral. Sindrome de Down. Enfermeria. Boff J, Caregnato RCAEl objetivo de esta investigacion fue conocer y comprender el proceso de construccion social de la identidad de las mujeres con hijos que tienen Sindrome de Down. Se trata de un estudio de caso llamado historia oral, realizado con tres mujeres, en el mes de septiembre de 2007, a traves de entrevista parcialmente estructurada. En el analisis de contenido tematico, surgieron siete categorias: Hallazgo, Necesidades, Dificultades, Falta de orientacion, Informacion sobre el Sindrome de Down, Prejuicio y creencias, Religiosidad y Fe. En la categoria Hallazgo surgieron dos subcategorias denominadas sentimientos y manifestaciones positivas y negativas. El impacto emocional negativo emergio fuertemente al descubrir la condicion del hijo recien nacido, pero, despues, surge un conformismo en relacion a la situacion, llevando la madre a experimentar sentimientos ambivalentes. Se cree que la orientacion sea el primer paso para la superacion de la nueva situacion de vida de esas mujeres, sin embargo, se constato la escasez de este recurso por parte de los profesionales y servicios de salud.

Doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplante: recusa das famílias

To know what deters the families that refuse to donate organs and tissues was the goal of this descriptive quantitative exploratory research, that took place at Hospital Cristo Redentor, Rio Grande do Sul, in a sample of 74 records of families that refused donation in 2008; data collection was retrospective, documentary, among the forms from Intra-hospital Commission on Organ and Tissue Transplant Donation data base. Of the families addressed, 15.7% refused to donate; 48.6% doing so for not knowing the potential donor’s choice. From the other reasons cited, 23% pointed the express choice of the living donor not to donate, 17.6% said that it was the family’s wish to keep the body intact and 1.4% claimed religious views; 9.4% did not register the reason of the negative response. If one considers that the donation depends exclusively on family authorization, even with acceptable refusal rates, there is a necessity of awareness campaigns, claiming the people to express their wish to donate and to discuss the matter within the family. DESCRIPTORS: Gift giving. Refusal. Family. Nursing. DONACION DEL ORGANO Y DEL TEJIDO PARA TRANSPLANTE: DENEGACION DE LA FAMILIA RESUMEN: Conocer impedimentos de las familias que negaron donacion de organos y tejidos fue el objetivo de este estudio exploratorio descriptivo cuantitativo, realizado en el Hospital Cristo Redentor, Rio Grande do Sul, en una muestra de 74 registros de las familias que recusaron a la donacion en 2008; colecta de datos retrospectiva, documental, en los formularios de la Comision Intra-hospitalaria de Donacion de Organos y Tejidos para Trasplantes.. De las familias abordadas, 15.7% se recusaron a la donacion, siendo 48,6% por desconocimiento del deseo del potencial donador. Los otros motivos citados apuntan 23% de la manifestacion de los donantes en vida contrarios a la donacion, 17.6% por deseo de la familia en mantener el cuerpo integro y 1,4% por convicciones religiosas; 9,4% no registro la causa de la negativa. Teniendo en cuenta la donacion depender unicamente del compromiso de la familia, mismo con tasas aceptables de rechazo, existe la necesidad de campanas de concienciacion, animando a la gente a expresar su deseo de donar y discutir en familia su decision. DESCRIPTORES: Donacion. Negativa. Familia. Enfermeria.Conocer impedimentos de las familias que negaron donacion de organos y tejidos fue el objetivo de este estudio exploratorio descriptivo cuantitativo, realizado en el Hospital Cristo Redentor, Rio Grande do Sul, en una muestra de 74 registros de las familias que recusaron a la donacion en 2008; colecta de datos retrospectiva, documental, en los formularios de la Comision Intra-hospitalaria de Donacion de Organos y Tejidos para Trasplantes.. De las familias abordadas, 15.7% se recusaron a la donacion, siendo 48,6% por desconocimiento del deseo del potencial donador. Los otros motivos citados apuntan 23% de la manifestacion de los donantes en vida contrarios a la donacion, 17.6% por deseo de la familia en mantener el cuerpo integro y 1,4% por convicciones religiosas; 9,4% no registro la causa de la negativa. Teniendo en cuenta la donacion depender unicamente del compromiso de la familia, mismo con tasas aceptables de rechazo, existe la necesidad de campanas de concienciacion, animando a la gente a expresar su deseo de donar y discutir en familia su decision.

Qualitative research: discourse analysis versus content analysis

Considering the increasing interest in qualitative research in Nursing, we consider it relevant to know the different approaches to this analysis. This article has the objective to discuss the two kinds of approach often used in qualitative research, which is sometimes confused. A theoretical foundation is presented, in which Discourse Analysis and Content Analysis show the differences between the two forms of analysis. The main difference is that discourse analysis works with the meaning of the discourse, and content analysis works with the content of the text This studys theoretical option for Content Analysis follows the French approach, which has Pecheux as its precursor and the content analysis is based on Laurence Bardin.Considerando o crescente interesse nas pesquisas qualitativas na area de Enfermagem, acreditase ser importante o conhecimento de diferentes formas de analise existentes. Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexao sobre dois tipos de analise utilizada frequentemente na pesquisa qualitativa, algumas vezes confundidas. Apresenta-se uma fundamentacao teorica da Analise de Discurso e da Analise de Conteudo e se expoe as diferencas entre estas duas formas de analise. A principal diferenca e que a Analise de Discurso trabalha com o sentido do discurso e a Analise de Conteudo com o conteudo do texto. A opcao teorica da Analise de Discurso abordada neste estudo recai sobre a linha francesa, que tem como seu precursor Michel Pecheux e na Analise de Conteudo enfoca-se Laurence Bardin.

Craniocerebral trauma in motorcyclists: relation of helmet use and trauma severity

Objective Relating the helmet use with the severity of craniocerebral trauma in injured motorcyclists treated at a trauma hospital. Methods A cross-sectional, retrospective study. The study population consisted of 188 records of service to injured motorcyclists in a four-month period. The Glasgow Coma Scale was used to characterize the severity of trauma. Results The profile is 84.6% of males and 55.3% aged between 18 and 29 years. Regarding the use of helmet at the time of the accident, 51.6% used, 6.4% did not use, 17.6% used it inappropriately, and there were no records in 24.5%. Among the 51.6% of motorcyclists who used the protective gear, 86.6% had mild craniocerebral trauma, 12.4% had moderate, and 1% severe. The most serious injuries occurred in motorcyclists in which there were no records on helmet use. Conclusion The motorcyclists who used the helmet, had mild craniocerebral trauma in 44.7% of cases, moderate trauma in 6.4%, and severe trauma in 0.5%. Victims without records of the situation of helmet use had severe trauma (p≤0.000).

Organ and tissue donation for transplant: family refusal

To know what deters the families that refuse to donate organs and tissues was the goal of this descriptive quantitative exploratory research, that took place at Hospital Cristo Redentor, Rio Grande do Sul, in a sample of 74 records of families that refused donation in 2008; data collection was retrospective, documentary, among the forms from Intra-hospital Commission on Organ and Tissue Transplant Donation data base. Of the families addressed, 15.7% refused to donate; 48.6% doing so for not knowing the potential donor’s choice. From the other reasons cited, 23% pointed the express choice of the living donor not to donate, 17.6% said that it was the family’s wish to keep the body intact and 1.4% claimed religious views; 9.4% did not register the reason of the negative response. If one considers that the donation depends exclusively on family authorization, even with acceptable refusal rates, there is a necessity of awareness campaigns, claiming the people to express their wish to donate and to discuss the matter within the family. DESCRIPTORS: Gift giving. Refusal. Family. Nursing. DONACION DEL ORGANO Y DEL TEJIDO PARA TRANSPLANTE: DENEGACION DE LA FAMILIA RESUMEN: Conocer impedimentos de las familias que negaron donacion de organos y tejidos fue el objetivo de este estudio exploratorio descriptivo cuantitativo, realizado en el Hospital Cristo Redentor, Rio Grande do Sul, en una muestra de 74 registros de las familias que recusaron a la donacion en 2008; colecta de datos retrospectiva, documental, en los formularios de la Comision Intra-hospitalaria de Donacion de Organos y Tejidos para Trasplantes.. De las familias abordadas, 15.7% se recusaron a la donacion, siendo 48,6% por desconocimiento del deseo del potencial donador. Los otros motivos citados apuntan 23% de la manifestacion de los donantes en vida contrarios a la donacion, 17.6% por deseo de la familia en mantener el cuerpo integro y 1,4% por convicciones religiosas; 9,4% no registro la causa de la negativa. Teniendo en cuenta la donacion depender unicamente del compromiso de la familia, mismo con tasas aceptables de rechazo, existe la necesidad de campanas de concienciacion, animando a la gente a expresar su deseo de donar y discutir en familia su decision. DESCRIPTORES: Donacion. Negativa. Familia. Enfermeria.Conocer impedimentos de las familias que negaron donacion de organos y tejidos fue el objetivo de este estudio exploratorio descriptivo cuantitativo, realizado en el Hospital Cristo Redentor, Rio Grande do Sul, en una muestra de 74 registros de las familias que recusaron a la donacion en 2008; colecta de datos retrospectiva, documental, en los formularios de la Comision Intra-hospitalaria de Donacion de Organos y Tejidos para Trasplantes.. De las familias abordadas, 15.7% se recusaron a la donacion, siendo 48,6% por desconocimiento del deseo del potencial donador. Los otros motivos citados apuntan 23% de la manifestacion de los donantes en vida contrarios a la donacion, 17.6% por deseo de la familia en mantener el cuerpo integro y 1,4% por convicciones religiosas; 9,4% no registro la causa de la negativa. Teniendo en cuenta la donacion depender unicamente del compromiso de la familia, mismo con tasas aceptables de rechazo, existe la necesidad de campanas de concienciacion, animando a la gente a expresar su deseo de donar y discutir en familia su decision.

The stress of the multiprofessional team in the Operating Room

This article is a case study that presents common stressors, answers to professionals individual and collective handling in the operating room. The data was collected through interview of 32 persons of the surgical team, submitted to content analysis, arising eight differentiated categories from them: significant stress experiences; stressing situations; individual behavior in the operating room; stress handling; responsibilities and compromises; behavioral responses. Even though relationship with patients generates important life experiences, the patient was considered the minor stressor agent, being the interpersonal relations the most significant one. To cope with stressful situations the professionals use the handling focused on the problem, on emotion, on relief maneuvers, and on development of social relationships.This article is a case study that presents common stressors, answers to professional’s individual and collective handling in the operating room. The data was collected through interview of 32 persons of the surgical team, submitted to content analysis, arising eight differentiated categories from them: significant stress experiences; stressing situations; individual behavior in the operating room; stress handling; responsibilities and compromises; behavioral responses. Even though relationship with patients generates important life experiences, the patient was considered the minor stressor agent, being the interpersonal relations the most significant one. To cope with stressful situations the professionals use the handling focused on the problem, on emotion, on relief maneuvers, and on development of social relationships. Descriptors: Stress; Operating room; Behavior and behavior mechanisms.

Pandemia de Influenza A (H1N1): mudança nos hábitos de saúde da população, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2010

This quantitative exploratory-descriptive study conducted from January 5 to February 26, 2010, focused on the populations health habits in Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, before, during, and after the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. The total population included 11,100 individuals listed in the telephone book, of which 519 (4.7%) were interviewed by telephone. Characteristics were: age range 18-90 years; 55.3% women; 22.7% with university diplomas; and 39.9% with secondary school diplomas. The following proportions of health habits were reported after the pandemic: 74% washed their hands frequently with soap and water and 39.2% cleaned their hands with alcohol gel; 94.6% covered their faces when they sneezed or coughed; 45.5% washed their hands after coughing/sneezing; 60.9% avoided touching the mucosa of their eyes, nose, and mouth; 21% avoided crowds; 85.7% attempted to keep rooms well ventilated. During the pandemic, the interviewees incorporated good habits in all the above measures, which were maintained to variable degrees even after the seven-month pandemic ended.