Roberta Ferro de Godoy

Avaliação eletrocardiográfica de equinos após exercício de polo (baixo handicap)

Electrocardiography can be used to quantify the training and athletic performance as well as evaluating the cardiac function under the effect of exercise identifying the influence of cardiac anomalies, and deleterious effects of stress ahead of heart function. Considering the complexity of the physical efforts inherent in polo ponies in competitions, together with the lack of reports in the literature, on the demand resulting for heart. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the cardiac effects of electrocardiographic exercise in polo horses in order to support data for understanding the physiological cardiac demand of this sport. We evaluated 27 equine practitioner polo at rest and between five and ten minutes after exercise. The results showed that the observed changes in the duration and P wave amplitude and duration of PR and QT interval were considered in physiological response to increased heart rate. The diphasic P wave found at rest and when atrial hypertrophy represented bifida represented different points of activation of the sinoatrial node. As expected, the QRS complex has not undergone major changes. The ST-segment elevation and T wave changes observed after exercise could pose adverse effects to the myocardium, but studies examining multiple factors are needed to confirm this association and define your actual question. The increase in QTc suggested fatigue mild myocardial represented high heart demand for this type of exercise. The heart score showed that these animals were within the pattern of cardiac adaptation to a horse athlete. The rapid recovery of HR showed good conditioning of these animals. The pacemaker migration was observed in most animals proven to be a normal finding horse athlete. We observed a low incidence of changes in cardiac rhythm.

Parâmetros eletrocardiográficos de equinos desclassificados por exaustão em competições de enduro

By using electrocardiographic examination, 14 Purebred Arabian horses, 12 males and two females, disqualified due to exhaustion in endurance races from 60 and 160km were evaluated. Predominance of sinus tachycardia, followed by sinus arrhythmia and atrial premature complex, with the heart rate ranging from 48 to 78bpm, and 93 to 111bpm, respectively, were observed. There was increase in the amplitude of waves P, R, S, and T, and decrease in their durations, as well as reduction in the intervals and segments; nevertheless, the QRS complex was not almost altered. The QTc lengthening pointed to a moderate myocardial fatigue in response to exercise, and the elevation of ST was indicative of hypovolemia. The electrical axis in frontal plane presented deviation to the right, chamber increase, and hypertrophy secondary to training

Osmolaridade, ânion gap, potencial hidrogeniônico e íons plasmáticos mensuráveis de equinos puro sangue Árabe finalistas em provas de enduro de 90 km

We evaluated the behavior of osmolality, anion gap, pH and measurable plasma ions of 14 Purebred Arabian horses, 9 males and 5 females, finalists in an endurance race of 90 km. In order to achieve this, we collected venous blood samples twice, at rest and after prolonged exercise, in order to measure the interest variables. The results allowed to observe that from the rest an increase with significant difference in the values of Hct, PPT and AG, suggesting loss of fluids and slight dehydration. The pH and the H+ ion almost had no changes, indicating absence of metabolic disorders. Reductions, with significant difference, were verified for the ions Cl-, HCO3-, K+, Ca++, as well as BE. These data suggest that the type of exercise to which the animals were submitted was consistent with the athletic ability and that supplementation during the competition contributed to minimize such losses.

Treatment of a Periarticular Tibial Fracture in a Foal with a Hybrid External Fixator

OBJECTIVE To report repair of a right proximal tibial Salter-Harris type II fracture in a foal with a hybrid external fixator (HEF). STUDY DESIGN Case report. ANIMALS A 5-month-old male foal. METHODS After open surgical reduction, an HEF built with wires, 2 half-rings, 3 half-threaded connecting rods, and Schanz pins was used to stabilize the fracture. RESULTS Immediately after surgery, the foal had relatively good weight bearing. The HEF was removed at 60 days after radiographic confirmation of healing. CONCLUSIONS HEF can be used to stabilize a proximal tibial Salter-Harris type II fracture in a 5-month-old foal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE HEF should be considered as another option for repair of proximal tibial Salter-Harris type II fractures in foals.

Expressão do Mg+2, CK, AST e LDH em equinos finalistas de provas de enduro

In recent years, due to rising competitive demands, the equine athlete is being increasingly required. Thus, the demands for high performance have fostered interest in the study of pathophysiology of various horse diseases. The relationship between magnesium and exercise has received significant attention because this ion is closely related with the skeletal muscle tissue. Moreover, among the main strategies for the detection and monitoring of clinical muscle damage, features the evaluation of the activity of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The search for the establishment of parameters that relate to each other is a determining factor in understanding the physiological changes found on athletic horses in effort. Thus, this study aimed to determine how the blood concentrations of magnesium ion and the enzymatic activities of the enzymes CK, LDH and AST behave in Arabian finalist horses in endurance races of 90km and to relate possible changes to the type of physical effort played by animals. It was evaluated the enzymatic activities of the enzymes CK, LDH, AST e the concentration of the ion magnesium in exercise in relation to the rest state of 14 clinically healthy Arabian horses, 9 males and 5 females, with ages ranging from 6 to 12 years, undergoing endurance training and participants in 90 km distance rides. All variables evaluated had an increase with statistical differences in relation to rest. The physical endurance exercise determined the occurrence of changes in enzyme activities of CK (p≤0.001), LDH (p=0.0001), AST (p=0.0007) and in the concentration of magnesium ion (p=0.0004), in exercise in relation to rest (p≤0.05). Fact that determined changes in permeability of striated skeletal muscle cells, suggesting the establishment of an acute inflammatory process. Mainly due to the expression of enzymatic activity of CK (p≤0.001), for its specificity in relation to the damage to skeletal striated muscles, along with the magnesium ion (p=0.0004) that actively acts in various cellular reactions. There were changes in total plasma protein concentrations (p=0.0009) and hematocrit (p=0.0001), between the evaluated moments. Therefore, these results serve as a reference of support equine finalists in an endurance race of 90 km, aiding in the prevention of the occurrence muscle damage and severe inflammatory processes.

Ecocardiografia de equinos Puro Sangue Árabe após exercício de enduro de diferentes intensidades

Echocardiography is a noninvasive and accurate evaluation of cardiac abnormalities in horses, thereby determining those animals that show better adaptation to exercise and conditioning to which they were submitted. The aim of this study was to verify by echocardiographic M-mode and two-dimensional cardiac functional indices of 15 purebred Arabian horses, nine males and six females, ranging in age from 6 to 12 years, subjected to different intensities prolonged endurance exercise. Thus, both groups were divided into three, in which four animals traveled 30km (GI), six animals traveled 90km (GII) and five animals traveled 120km (GIII). Assessments occurred before the start of each test and was considered the time zero (M0); 30 minutes after running through the last ring of the race characterized the final moment (Mf). Before the treatment there were no statistically significant differences between the indexes obtained in the M0 and Mf of GI. Otherwise, it was observed statistical difference in GII for stroke volume, heart rate, left ventricular internal diameter in diastole and systole, and in GIII for stroke volume, heart rate, left ventricular internal diameter in diastole and systole and interventricular septal thickness in diastole. So endurance horses echocardiography revealed that the exercise enabled the assessment of cardiac functional indexes according to the intensity of the exercise tax.

Características fisicoquímicas e citológicas do líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular em eqüinos

Physical, biochemical and cytological characteristics of the temporomandibular joint synovial fluid were studied in ten clinically normal horses. It is a viscous, pale yellow, clear fluid and without flocculent material at room temperature. There was blood contamination in three samples, they presented red-yellow to red and cloudy. The range of glucose levels were 100 to 250 and its protein concentration was up to 3,8g/dL. Nucleated cells mean number was 417 cells/µL, with predominating large mononuclear cells and lymphocytes. Equine temporomandibular synovial fluids can be easily evaluated, being feasible in clinical and surgical routine, and the information may be useful to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of animals with temporomandibular alterations.

Avaliação ecocardiográfica de equinos após exercício de polo

Considering the complexity of the physical effort inherent in polo horses in competitions and the lack of reports about the cardiovascular effects resulting from a Chukker, yet the dynamics of the associated weight, the aim of this study was to evaluate by echocardiography with 27 horses polo athletes who underwent training starting at rest and after exercise. The results showed that this method has changed several echocardiographic indexes within five to ten minutes before the end of a Chukker. It was they, as structural index, thickness reduction interventricular septum and left ventricular free wall and increased left ventricular diameter, and functional as an increase in cardiac output and heart rate, while stroke volume, fractional shortening and ejection fraction reduced. The weight loss was not significant, so was not associated with echocardiographic changes. These results suggest that cardiac demand was high, indicating the importance of the physical and cardiovascular training specific to this modality.

Estabelecimento de índices ecocardiográficos de cavalos de polo

The athletic training allows for morphologic and functional heart of horses undergoing different types of exercise, so studies have been published on the echocardiographic measurements of race horses, endurance horses and barrel horses, hunting horse, among others, otherwise, the echocardiographic indices of reference for polo ponies were not reported. Thus, echocardiographic measurements were performed in M-mode and 2D 20 polo horses in training, when they were divided into three age groups, namely: Group I consisted of eight animals aged between five and ten years, Group II with seven animals aged between 11 and 15 years, and Group III with five animals aged 16 to 22 years. The results of our study showed no statistical difference among different age groups, there was no standard yet for the values of correlations with weight, they are weak to strong, positive or negative.

Estudo retrospectivo de fimose traumática em equinos e tratamento utilizando a técnica de circuncisão com encurtamento de pênis (1982-2007)

Penis and prepuce injuries of stallions are common causes of infertility in horses and among them, paraphimosis is featured. This retrospective study was conducted in 367 rural properties and 49 cases were found; 43 of them were traumatic with 12 deaths. The technique of circumcision with shortening of the penis was used for the correction of the disease in 20 animals. They were divided into two groups according to the anesthetic protocol used. All horses had post-operative complications such as edema in various degrees, which decreased significantly in 95% of animals after the seventh day. Thus, it was concluded that the technique of circumcision with penis shortening is an effective alternative in the treatment of traumatic paraphimosis in horses.