Roland Karrelmeyer

Fault Tolerant Mechatronics

Modern cars exhibit a variety of new functionalitiesconcerning engine management, safety, vehicle dynamicscontrol as well as comfort and convenience. Safetyfeatures like airbags, antilock braking systems (ABS),anti-skid systems, belt tensioners or the electronic stabilityprogram (ESP) are standard fittings of present daycar models and in some cases even stipulated by legislation.These safety systems have led to an increasedavoidance of accidents by actively affecting vehicle dynamicsand to a mitigation of the consequences of accidentson the driver and passengers by innovative restraintsystems.As a rule these systems are mechatronic systems.Mechatronic systems [Mechatronic Systems] today derive their functionalityby an interlocked interaction of mechanics, electronicsand information technology. Their deployment in thesafety-relevant environment requires fault tolerance.Fault tolerant mechatronics is based on redundancy,which must be supervised and tested permanently.Reliability of sensor and actuator technology is essentialfor future motor vehicle systems. Operability andreliability are to be achieved by suitable on-board andon-line test methods. Exemplarily this is shown forfuture X-by-Wire applications.

Kontrollierte Selbstzuendung beim Ottomotor. CO2-Einsparpotenziale

Zur Abschaetzung der Serienfaehigkeit des HCCI-Brennverfahrens wurden bei Bosch die Potenziale der ottomotorischen Selbstzuendung untersucht und ein kostenoptimales Zielsystem definiert. Das HCCI-Brennverfahren wurde an einem Vierzylinder-Ottomotor mit serienmaessigem Dreiwege-Katalysator und den Subsystemen Benzin-Direkteinspritzung, variabler Ventilbetrieb, externer AGR und Brennraumdruckerfassung im dynamischen Motorbetrieb dargestellt. Besonderes Augenmerk wurde auf die Spezifikation der benoetigten Komponenten inklusive Verbrennungssensorik und auf das erforderliche Regelkonzept gelegt. Unter anderem haelt der Beitrag fest, dass eine Regelung des HCCI-Brennverfahrens auf die Groessen Verbrennungslage und Last sich als zielfuehrend erweisen. Zur endgueltigen Bewertung des HCCI-Brennverfahrens werden derzeit die Regelstrategien weiter entwickelt und das komplette System insbesondere auf Robustheit und Realisierbarkeit in einem Motorsteuergeraet untersucht. Speziell der Evaluierung der Entwicklungsziele Verbrauch, Emissionen, Fahrbarkeit und Geraeusch kommt hierbei eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu.

Fault tolerant mechatronics [automotive applications]

Modern cars exhibit a variety of new functionalities concerning engine management, safety, vehicle dynamics control as well as comfort and convenience. Safety features like airbags, antilock braking systems (ABS), anti-skid systems, belt tensioners or the electronic stability program (ESP) are standard fittings of present day car models and in some cases even stipulated by legislation. These safety systems have led to an increased avoidance of accidents by actively affecting vehicle dynamics and to a mitigation of the consequences of accidents on the driver and passengers by innovative restraint systems. As a rule these systems are mechatronic systems. Mechatronic systems today derive their functionality by an interlocked interaction of mechanics, electronics and information technology. Their deployment in the safety-relevant environment requires fault tolerance. Fault tolerant mechatronics is based on redundancy, which must be supervised and tested permanently. Reliability of sensor and actuator technology is essential for future motor vehicle systems. Operability and reliability are to be achieved by suitable on-board and on-line test methods. Exemplarily this is shown for future X-by-wire applications.

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition on Gasoline Engines

Compared to conventional combustion concepts for gasoline engines, HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) on gasoline engines bears the potential for a significant increase in efficiency and a resulting CO2 reduction with very low levels of (NOx) and particulate emissions. This contribution of Bosch analyzes the combustion concept and the open-loop and closed-loop control strategies for the entire operation map of a gasoline engine in the dynamic range.

Strategien zur Regelung von HCCI-BrennverfahrenControl Concepts for a Gasoline HCCI Combustion Engine

Zusammenfassung Es werden Konzepte zur Regelung eines HCCI-Brennverfahrens (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) mit interner Abgasrückführung (Trapping) bei Otto-Motoren vorgestellt. Die Konzepte basieren auf Verbrennungsmerkmalen, die aus dem Brennraumdrucksignal gewonnen werden. Zur Beeinflussung der Verbrennung stehen die Stellgrößen des Luft- und Kraftstoffsystems zur Verfügung. Die Arbeiten erfolgen an Motoren mit variablem Ventiltrieb mit unterschiedlicher Ausprägung der Variabilität und einem System zur Kraftstoffdirekteinspritzung. Im ersten Schritt wird von einer vollvariablen Ventilsteuerung ausgegangen, die eine zylinderindividuelle Verstellung der Gaswechselventile ermöglicht. Getrieben vom Einsatz kostenoptimaler Ventilsysteme wird in einem zweiten Schritt eine Regelungsstrategie vorgestellt, die diese Vorrausetzung der Zylinderindividualität fallen lässt und auf eine Ventilstrategie setzt, die mit konventionellen Phasenstellern realisierbar ist.

Closed-loop control of a multi-mode GDI engine with CAI

Abstract In order to transfer the benefits of gasoline controlled auto ignition (CAI) combustion from research to real driving in a vehicle, intelligent engine control is essential. In this paper, we present a control concept for successfully managing a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine operated in multi-mode with CAI. This includes the necessity of determining the state of combustion per cycle via sensing, the algorithms in the engine control unit (ECU) to regulate combustion in order to meet the desired performance, and the actuation means through both the engine valve-train and the injection system. Understanding the nature of homogeneous combustion and the ability to encapsulate the most important dynamics in a model amenable for control implementation are indispensable for running CAI stably. The latter lacks a direct combustion trigger and hence ignition is strongly dependent upon ambient temperature, tolerances in actuators and fuel-quality. In this paper, we propose an in-cylinder-pressure based controls concept for a multi-mode GDI engine with CAI driven by internal exhaust gas trapping. Combustion is controlled via the fuel and the air path concomitantly. The work has been carried out on a one and a four-cylinder engine with direct-injection and flexible valve-train. We show the necessity of models, both data-driven and physically-based, for successful control strategy design. Finally, dynamic operation is evaluated on the engines at cycle relevant points. The benefits of the technology, including improved fuel efficiency and lower emissions, the limitations, and suggested engine management strategies implementable in a vehicle are presented.