Ronaldo Mafia Cuenca

Thromboembolism prevention in surgery of digestive cancer

BACKGROUND The venous thromboembolism is a common complication after surgical treatment in general and, in particular, on the therapeutic management on cancer. Surgery of the digestive tract has been reported to induce this complication. Patients with digestive cancer have substantial increased risk of initial or recurrent thromboembolism. AIM To provide to surgeons working in digestive surgery and general surgery guidance on how to make safe thromboprophylaxis for patients requiring operations in the treatment of their gastrointestinal malignancies. METHODS The guideline was based on 15 relevant clinical issues and related to the risk factors, treatment and prognosis of the patient undergoing surgical treatment of cancer on digestive tract. They focused thromboembolic events associated with operations and thromboprophylaxis. The questions were structured using the PICO (Patient, Intervention or Indicator, Comparison and Outcome), allowing strategies to generate evidence on the main primary bases of scientific information (Medline / Pubmed, Embase, Lilacs / Scielo, Cochrane Library, PreMedline via OVID). Evidence manual search was also conducted (BDTD and IBICT). The evidence was recovered from the selected critical evaluation using discriminatory instruments (scores) according to the category of the question: risk, prognosis and therapy (JADAD Randomized Clinical Trials and New Castle Ottawa Scale for studies not randomized). After defining potential studies to support the recommendations, they were selected by the strength of evidence and grade of recommendation according to the classification of Oxford, including the available evidence of greater strength. RESULTS A total of 53,555 papers by title and / or abstract related to issue were found. Of this total were selected (1st selection) 478 studies that were evaluated as full-text. From them to support the recommendations were included in the consensus 132 papers. The 15 questions could be answered with evidence grade of articles with 31 A, 130 B, 1 C and 0 D. CONCLUSION It was possible to prepare safe recommendations as guidance for thromboembolism prophylaxis in operations on the digestive tract malignancies, addressing the most frequent topics of everyday work of digestive and general surgeons.

PRE- AND POSTOPERATIVE IMAGING METHODS IN COLORECTAL CANCER

ABSTRACT Introduction: Among the screening tests for colorectal cancer, colonoscopy is currently considered the most sensitive and specific technique. However, computed tomography colonography (CTC), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and transrectal ultrasonography have gained significant ground in the clinical practice of pre-treatment, screening and, more recently, post-treatment and surgical evaluation. Objective: To demonstrate the high accuracy of CT and MRI for pre and postoperative colorectal cancer staging. Methods: Search and analysis of articles in Pubmed, Scielo, Capes Periodicals and American College of Radiology with headings “colorectal cancer” and “colonography”. Weew selected 30 articles that contained radiological descriptions, management or statistical data related to this type of neoplasia. The criteria for radiological diagnosis were the American College of Radiology. Results : The great majority of patients with this subgroup of neoplasia is submitted to surgical procedures with the objective of cure or relief, except those with clinical contraindication. CTC colonography is not the most commonly used technique for screening; however, it is widely used for treatment planning, assessment of the abdomen for local complications or presence of metastasis, and post-surgical evaluation. MRI colonography is an alternative diagnostic method to CT, recommended by the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Although there are still no major studies on the use of MRI for screening, the high resolution examination has now shown good results for the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM classification. Conclusion: MRI and CT represent the best means for colorectal neoplasm staging. The use of these methods as screening tools becomes beneficial to decrease complications and discomfort related to colonoscopy.

Correlação entre o doppler da veia hepática direita com a biópsia transcutânea guiada pela ultrassonografia em hepatopatias

OBJECTIVE To correlate chronic liver disease diagnosed by transcutaneous liver biopsy guided by ultrasound, with ultrasound findings with B-mode and Doppler of the right hepatic vein; 2) to compare the wave patterns between the study group and the control group; 3) to compare the right hepatic vein Doppler findings with histopathology findings as a possible marker of chronic liver disease. METHODS Were studied 38 patients with chronic liver disease diagnosed by biopsy and serology (study group) and 10 persons without serologic liver disease (control group), assessed only by ultrasound B-mode and Doppler. The criteria were based on histology classification of the Brazilian Society of Pathology for chronic hepatitis. Chi-square, Fishers exact and Student t tests were used. RESULTS The B-mode and Doppler ultrasound were useful in inferring the differentiation between individuals with chronic liver disease from normal. There were significant differences between the study group and the controls when comparing the histopathology findings, ultrasound B-mode and Doppler in relationship to the wave patterns of the right hepatic vein. CONCLUSION The correlation of liver biopsies with ultrasound B-mode and Doppler of hepatic vein was positive; 2) individuals with liver disease showed alterations in the flow of the right hepatic vein and normal subjects not, being the wave pattern in normal triphasic and in patients with chronic liver disease monophasic or biphasic; 3) Doppler of the right hepatic vein is useful marker for chronic liver disease.

CD34 e caspase-3: comparação, correlação de expressão e quantificação imunoistoquímica no adenocarcinoma gástrico

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer continues to defy the modern medicine in the understanding of its biological behavior and surgical cure. AIM: To determine, compare and correlate the expression of caspase-3 and CD34 in gastric adenocarcinoma with clinical and pathological factors and proximal/distal gastric tumors. METHODS: Imunohistochemistry quantitative analysis of the antibodies anti-caspase-3 polyclonal of rabbit and CD43 mouses monoclonal, to mark adenocarcinoma cells in 26 CD34s cases and 22 caspase-3 paraffined blocks were used. The parameters were: labeling index in percentage and optic density. RESULTS: Caspase-3 and CD34 expression were elevated; the average and the deviation standard for labeling index were respectively 87,72% ±7,89 and 84,86% ±9,17; for optic desity 60,75±7,46 and 49,84±8.48. When markers were compared with optic density it was found significant differences between caspase-3 (60,94) and CD34 (50,27). Caspase-3 average (60,94) was higher than CD34 (50,27), P<0.001. The correlation among markers was positive for CD34s optic density versus labeling index of CD34 (P=0.006, r=0,520) and for optic density of caspase-3 versus caspase-3 labeling index (P=0.015, r=0.512). The markers had no correlation in the comparison of labeling index and optic densities with the gastric curvature, tumor differentiation, Borrmann classification and lymphatic invasion. Gender and age also did not correlate with the markers. The correlation with the tumor location had differences favoring the ones on distal part. CONCLUSION: Caspase-3 and CD34 expressions are elevated in gastric adenocarcinoma. Caspase-3 optic density is higher than CD34s optic density. There is no expression and quantification correlation between markers and the clinical and pathological factors, but there are evidences that they have biological differences when in different gastric anatomical parts.