Ronaldo Vilela Barros

Oxygen uptake during Wingate tests for arms and legs in swimmers and water polo players

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to compare the values of the maximal oxygen uptake (O2 max) during two consecutive bouts in Wingate tests for arms and legs in swimmers (S) and water polo players (WP). METHODS: Sample - seven national level athletes (4 S and 3 WP), age 17,90 ± 2,14 years, body mass 71,41 ± 6,84 kg, height 176,65 ± 7,02 cm, % body fat 13,23 ± 4,18. Two Wingate bouts with 30 sec each with 3 min interval between them, for arms and legs in alternated days. Oxygen uptake: breath-by-breath using the gas analysis system K4 b2 Cosmed. Statistical analysis: Wilcoxon test for dependent variables and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for independent variables. RESULTS: The mean values found at the O2 peak (PO2), mean power (MP) and peak power (PP) for each bout of the Wingate test, for arms and legs. For Arms: PO2 = 55.16 ± 5.72 ml.kg-1.min-1, MP = 5.28 ± 0.59 watts.kg-1 and PP = 6.71 ± 0.88 watts.kg-1 got in the first bout (1st Arms) and PO2 = 60.12 ± 6.10 ml.kg-1.min-1, MP = 5.03 ± 0.40 watts.kg-1 and PP = 6.25 ± 0.51 watts.kg-1, got in the second bout (2nd Arms). For legs: PO2 = 55.66 ± 6.85 ml.kg-1.min-1, MP = 4.75 ± 1.79 watts.kg-1 and PP = 7.44 ± 1.96 watts.kg-1 got in the first bout (1st Legs) and PO2 = 62.09 ± 5.99 ml.kg-1.min-1, MP = 4.28 ± 1.47 watts.kg-1 and PP = 6.68 ± 1.63 watts.kg-1 got in the second bout (2nd Legs). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: All variables studied did not present significant difference among arms and legs, as much the first as the second bout for arms for PO2 (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the PM mean values of the first and the second bout. But the mean of the second bout of legs was significant smaller than the first bout (p < 0.05). For the PP variable there was no difference among the mean values to the first and second bout as much for arms as for legs. It looks like to exist larger magnitude to O2 adjustment for arms than legs, that could be associated to specific demands to which S and WP athletes are daily submitted in their trainings.

Caracterização da curva do lactato sanguíneo e aplicabilidade do modelo Dmax durante protocolo progressivo em esteira rolante

PROPOSITO: Este estudio tenia como los objetivos, para caracterizar la conducta del lactato sanguineo ([La]), durante el protocolo progresivo en la cinta rodante, y para investigar la pertinencia del Dmax en el descubrimiento del umbral de lactato (LL) y el ingreso deportivo. METODOS: Veintisiete atletas de nivel regional ejecutaron protocolo de Heck et al. (1985), con incrementos cada 3 minutos. El ingreso deportivo se obtuvo por la velocidad de la prueba de 10 km. El 1 y 2 LL sea cierto a traves del analisis visual de la curva del [La] (LLv1 y LLv2), y para la interpolacion en la velocidad con respecto a las concentraciones de 2,0 y 3,5 mmol.l-1 (LL2,0 y LL3,5). EL Dmax identifico LL en los valores moderados (DmaxMED), y se predijo por el polinomial de las funciones (DmaxPOL), lineal de dos segmentos (DmaxSEG), y exponencial continuo (DmaxEXP). La caracteristica del lactato sanguineo durante la prueba incremental se verifico por los ajustes lineal de 2 segmentos y exponencial continuo. RESULTADOS: No habia diferencia significante entre el sumatoria de los residuos cuadrados de los ajustes de la curva, sin embargo, habia una tendencia continua de ajuste exponencial bueno en 70,4% de la muestra. Mientras que no habia diferencia significante entre DmaxMED, DmaxPOL, DmaxSEG y DmaxEXP, el metodo Dmax es mas grande que LLv1, mas pequeno que LL3,5, y no presenta diferencia con el de LL2,0. Todo el criterio Dmax sea significativamente mas pequeno que la velocidad elemento de la prueba de 10 km. CONCLUSIONES: Mientras las [LA] tenderon a un aumento exponencial durante los protocolos progresivos en la cinta rodante, el Dmax ejemplar presento evidencias de pertinencia mayor el descubrimiento de LL, pero no para rendimiento deportivo.ABSTRACTCharacterization of the blood lactate curve and applicabilityof the Dmax model in a progressive protocol on treadmillPurpose: To characterize the blood lactate ([La]) behavior alonga progressive protocol on treadmill, and to investigate the applica-bility of the Dmax model in detecting the lactate threshold (LT)and the sportive performance. Methods: Twenty-seven male ath-letes of regional level performed the Heck et al. protocol (1985)incremented every 3 minutes. The sportive output was attainedby the mean velocity of the 10 km-test. The first and second LTwere determined through visual analysis of the [La] (LTv1 and LTv2)curve, and by interpolation of the velocity related to the 2.0 and3.5 mmol.l -1 concentrations (LT 2.0 and LT 3.5 ). The Dmax model hasidentified the LT in measured values (Dmax MED ), and was predict-ed by the polynomial functions (Dmax POL ), the 2-segment linear(Dmax SEG ) and the continuous exponential (Dmax EXP ). The charac-teristic of the blood lactate along the incremental test was checkedthrough 2-segment linear adjustments and continuous exponen-tial.

10 km running performance predicted by a multiple linear regression model with allometrically adjusted variables

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the power of VO2max, peak treadmill running velocity (PTV), and running economy (RE), unadjusted or allometrically adjusted, in predicting 10 km running performance. Eighteen male endurance runners performed: 1) an incremental test to exhaustion to determine VO2max and PTV; 2) a constant submaximal run at 12 km·h−1 on an outdoor track for RE determination; and 3) a 10 km running race. Unadjusted (VO2max, PTV and RE) and adjusted variables (VO2max0.72, PTV0.72 and RE0.60) were investigated through independent multiple regression models to predict 10 km running race time. There were no significant correlations between 10 km running time and either the adjusted or unadjusted VO2max. Significant correlations (p < 0.01) were found between 10 km running time and adjusted and unadjusted RE and PTV, providing models with effect size > 0.84 and power > 0.88. The allometrically adjusted predictive model was composed of PTV0.72 and RE0.60 and explained 83% of the variance in 10 km running time with a standard error of the estimate (SEE) of 1.5 min. The unadjusted model composed of a single PVT accounted for 72% of the variance in 10 km running time (SEE of 1.9 min). Both regression models provided powerful estimates of 10 km running time; however, the unadjusted PTV may provide an uncomplicated estimation.

Relação entre a cinética do consumo de oxigênio e a estratégia de corrida em uma prova de 10km

This study examined the influence of the O2 kinetics on the running strategy adopted during a 10km running race in runners with different performance levels. Twenty-one runners (28.5 ± 5.3 years; 17.6 ± 7.3 cm; 66.3 ± 9.3 kg) performed 1) a test with increments of 1.2 km.h-1 every 3 min until exhaustion; 2) one 6-min test of constant velocity at 9 km.h-1 for determination of O2 kinetics and; 3) a 10 km time trial simulation. The subjects were divided into two groups, Moderated Performance (MP) and Low Perfomance (LP), based on the 10-km running performance. Mean velocity (MP= 16.9 ± 0.8 vs BP= 14.9 ± 1 km.h-1) on the 10km race was significantly different (p 0.05) between groups in any kinetics parameters analyzed. However, the O2 increase amplitude (A1 parameter) was inversely correlated with mean velocity (r= -0.48, p 0.05). In conclusion, the correlation of A1 parameter with the partial velocities suggests an influence of running economy on the strategy adopted during the 10 km time trial.

Characterization of the blood lactate curve and applicability of the Dmax model in a progressive protocol on treadmill

PROPOSITO: Este estudio tenia como los objetivos, para caracterizar la conducta del lactato sanguineo ([La]), durante el protocolo progresivo en la cinta rodante, y para investigar la pertinencia del Dmax en el descubrimiento del umbral de lactato (LL) y el ingreso deportivo. METODOS: Veintisiete atletas de nivel regional ejecutaron protocolo de Heck et al. (1985), con incrementos cada 3 minutos. El ingreso deportivo se obtuvo por la velocidad de la prueba de 10 km. El 1 y 2 LL sea cierto a traves del analisis visual de la curva del [La] (LLv1 y LLv2), y para la interpolacion en la velocidad con respecto a las concentraciones de 2,0 y 3,5 mmol.l-1 (LL2,0 y LL3,5). EL Dmax identifico LL en los valores moderados (DmaxMED), y se predijo por el polinomial de las funciones (DmaxPOL), lineal de dos segmentos (DmaxSEG), y exponencial continuo (DmaxEXP). La caracteristica del lactato sanguineo durante la prueba incremental se verifico por los ajustes lineal de 2 segmentos y exponencial continuo. RESULTADOS: No habia diferencia significante entre el sumatoria de los residuos cuadrados de los ajustes de la curva, sin embargo, habia una tendencia continua de ajuste exponencial bueno en 70,4% de la muestra. Mientras que no habia diferencia significante entre DmaxMED, DmaxPOL, DmaxSEG y DmaxEXP, el metodo Dmax es mas grande que LLv1, mas pequeno que LL3,5, y no presenta diferencia con el de LL2,0. Todo el criterio Dmax sea significativamente mas pequeno que la velocidad elemento de la prueba de 10 km. CONCLUSIONES: Mientras las [LA] tenderon a un aumento exponencial durante los protocolos progresivos en la cinta rodante, el Dmax ejemplar presento evidencias de pertinencia mayor el descubrimiento de LL, pero no para rendimiento deportivo.ABSTRACTCharacterization of the blood lactate curve and applicabilityof the Dmax model in a progressive protocol on treadmillPurpose: To characterize the blood lactate ([La]) behavior alonga progressive protocol on treadmill, and to investigate the applica-bility of the Dmax model in detecting the lactate threshold (LT)and the sportive performance. Methods: Twenty-seven male ath-letes of regional level performed the Heck et al. protocol (1985)incremented every 3 minutes. The sportive output was attainedby the mean velocity of the 10 km-test. The first and second LTwere determined through visual analysis of the [La] (LTv1 and LTv2)curve, and by interpolation of the velocity related to the 2.0 and3.5 mmol.l -1 concentrations (LT 2.0 and LT 3.5 ). The Dmax model hasidentified the LT in measured values (Dmax MED ), and was predict-ed by the polynomial functions (Dmax POL ), the 2-segment linear(Dmax SEG ) and the continuous exponential (Dmax EXP ). The charac-teristic of the blood lactate along the incremental test was checkedthrough 2-segment linear adjustments and continuous exponen-tial.

La caracterización de la curva del lactato sanguíneo y la pertinencia del Dmax durante el protocolo progresivo en la cinta rodante

PROPOSITO: Este estudio tenia como los objetivos, para caracterizar la conducta del lactato sanguineo ([La]), durante el protocolo progresivo en la cinta rodante, y para investigar la pertinencia del Dmax en el descubrimiento del umbral de lactato (LL) y el ingreso deportivo. METODOS: Veintisiete atletas de nivel regional ejecutaron protocolo de Heck et al. (1985), con incrementos cada 3 minutos. El ingreso deportivo se obtuvo por la velocidad de la prueba de 10 km. El 1 y 2 LL sea cierto a traves del analisis visual de la curva del [La] (LLv1 y LLv2), y para la interpolacion en la velocidad con respecto a las concentraciones de 2,0 y 3,5 mmol.l-1 (LL2,0 y LL3,5). EL Dmax identifico LL en los valores moderados (DmaxMED), y se predijo por el polinomial de las funciones (DmaxPOL), lineal de dos segmentos (DmaxSEG), y exponencial continuo (DmaxEXP). La caracteristica del lactato sanguineo durante la prueba incremental se verifico por los ajustes lineal de 2 segmentos y exponencial continuo. RESULTADOS: No habia diferencia significante entre el sumatoria de los residuos cuadrados de los ajustes de la curva, sin embargo, habia una tendencia continua de ajuste exponencial bueno en 70,4% de la muestra. Mientras que no habia diferencia significante entre DmaxMED, DmaxPOL, DmaxSEG y DmaxEXP, el metodo Dmax es mas grande que LLv1, mas pequeno que LL3,5, y no presenta diferencia con el de LL2,0. Todo el criterio Dmax sea significativamente mas pequeno que la velocidad elemento de la prueba de 10 km. CONCLUSIONES: Mientras las [LA] tenderon a un aumento exponencial durante los protocolos progresivos en la cinta rodante, el Dmax ejemplar presento evidencias de pertinencia mayor el descubrimiento de LL, pero no para rendimiento deportivo.ABSTRACTCharacterization of the blood lactate curve and applicabilityof the Dmax model in a progressive protocol on treadmillPurpose: To characterize the blood lactate ([La]) behavior alonga progressive protocol on treadmill, and to investigate the applica-bility of the Dmax model in detecting the lactate threshold (LT)and the sportive performance. Methods: Twenty-seven male ath-letes of regional level performed the Heck et al. protocol (1985)incremented every 3 minutes. The sportive output was attainedby the mean velocity of the 10 km-test. The first and second LTwere determined through visual analysis of the [La] (LTv1 and LTv2)curve, and by interpolation of the velocity related to the 2.0 and3.5 mmol.l -1 concentrations (LT 2.0 and LT 3.5 ). The Dmax model hasidentified the LT in measured values (Dmax MED ), and was predict-ed by the polynomial functions (Dmax POL ), the 2-segment linear(Dmax SEG ) and the continuous exponential (Dmax EXP ). The charac-teristic of the blood lactate along the incremental test was checkedthrough 2-segment linear adjustments and continuous exponen-tial.