Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da Fonseca

Characteristics of violence against children in a Brazilian Capital

The purpose of this exploratory, descriptive and retrospective study with a quantitative approach was to characterize violence against children in Curitiba. Reports of 2004 through 2008 about compulsory denouncements of violence cases were analyzed. The results showed an increase in violence, with home violence as the most frequent type and five to nine-year-olds as the most affected group, and negligence and physical violence as the most denounced forms of violence. Almost 81% of the sexual violence is performed against girls and the father is the main aggressor, showing inequality in gender relations and between generations. The importance of notification as a visibility instrument is highlighted. Other confrontation measures are necessary though, such as the promotion of equitable relationships of gender and generation, and cross-sectional policies that involve the social segments in a praxis that transforms reality.The purpose of this exploratory, descriptive and retrospective study with a quantitative approach was to characterize violence against children in Curitiba. Reports of 2004 through 2008 about compulsory denouncements of violence cases were analyzed. The results showed an increase in violence, with home violence as the most frequent type and five to nine-year-olds as the most affected group, and negligence and physical violence as the most denounced forms of violence. Almost 81% of the sexual violence is performed against girls and the father is the main aggressor, showing inequality in gender relations and between generations. The importance of notification as a visibility instrument is highlighted. Other confrontation measures are necessary though, such as the promotion of equitable relationships of gender and generation, and cross-sectional policies that involve the social segments in a praxis that transforms reality.

[The evaluative limits and possibilities in the family health strategy for gender-based violence].

The study aimed to understand the evaluative limits and possibilities of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in acknowledging and confronting the health needs of women experiencing gender-based violence. This was a case study with a qualitative approach, conducted in a Basic Health Unit that operated under the FHS in São Paulo (SP). Data were collected through interviews with health professionals of the multidisciplinary teams, and women users of the service who experienced gender-based violence. The results were analyzed according to the analytical categories: gender, gender-based violence and health needs. Medicalization was seen as the most significant limitation of professional practice. Moreover, there were opportunities related to the bond afforded by the logic of attention brought by the FHS. Such possibilities, however, were still curtailed by the limitations of the biomedical model and the absence of specific technologies to deal with violence.The study aimed to understand the evaluative limits and possibilities of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in acknowledging and confronting the health needs of women experiencing gender-based violence. This was a case study with a qualitative approach, conducted in a Basic Health Unit that operated under the FHS in Sao Paulo (SP). Data were collected through interviews with health professionals of the multidisciplinary teams, and women users of the service who experienced gender-based violence. The results were analyzed according to the analytical categories: gender, gender-based violence and health needs. Medicalization was seen as the most significant limitation of professional practice. Moreover, there were opportunities related to the bond afforded by the logic of attention brought by the FHS. Such possibilities, however, were still curtailed by the limitations of the biomedical model and the absence of specific technologies to deal with violence.

Violence against adolescents: an analysis based on the categories gender and generation

Objetivo tttttAnalisar a violencia contra o adolescente a luz das categorias genero e ttttttgeracao. tttttMetodo tttttEstudo exploratorio, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. As ttttttfontes de dados foram as notificacoes de violencia da Rede de Protecao do ttttttmunicipio de Curitiba, de 2010 a 2012, e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 16 ttttttadolescentes abrigados. As variaveis quantitativas foram analisadas pelo tttttttsoftware SPSS e os dados qualitativos atraves da ttttttanalise de conteudo. tttttResultados tttttOs adolescentes foram submetidos a violencia no ambiente domestico e fora ttttttdele, como vitimas ou como espectadores. Prevaleceu no domicilio, incidindo ttttttprincipalmente sobre as meninas, com marcada conotacao de violencia de ttttttgenero. tttttConclusao tttttMais que constatar a magnitude do problema, o estudo pode fornecer subsidios ttttttpara qualificar a assistencia prestada aos sujeitos vitimizados e subsidiar tttttto enfrentamento do fenomeno.Exploratory and descriptive study based on quantitative and qualitative methods that analyze the phenomenon of violence against adolescents based on gender and generational categories. The data source was reports of violence from the Curitiba Protection Network from 2010 to 2012 and semi-structured interviews with 16 sheltered adolescents. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0 and the qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. The adolescents were victims of violence in the household and outside of the family environment, as victims or viewers of violence. The violence was experienced at home, mostly toward girls, with marked overtones of gender violence. More than indicating the magnitude of the issue, this study can give information to help qualify the assistance given to victimized people and address how to face this issue.

Health needs: the interface between the discourse of health professionals and victimized women

Objetivo: comprender los limites y las posibilidades evaluativas de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia en lo que se refiere al reconocimiento de necesidades de la salud de mujeres que experimentan violencia. Metodo: se trata de un estudio de abordaje cualitativo, fundamentado en la perspectiva de genero y que adopto necesidades de la salud como categoria analitica. Los datos fueron recolectados a traves de entrevistas con profesionales de la salud y mujeres usuarias de un servicio de salud y analizados a partir del metodo del analisis del discurso. Resultados: el encuentro entre los discursos de mujeres usuarias y de profesionales del servicio de salud revelo como puntos en comun necesidades propiamente humanas, por ejemplo la autonomia y el vinculo. La comprension sobre necesidades limitada al reconocimiento de danos de orden fisica o psiquica, asi como la predominancia del reconocimiento de necesidades del mantenimiento de la vida al frente a las necesidades propiamente humanas se revelaron en los discursos de los profesionales como importantes limitaciones de las practicas. Conclusion: se destaca la perspectiva de genero como una herramienta que debe ser agregada a lo cotidiano de las practicas profesionales de la salud para confirmar o negar el caracter transformador de la asistencia en vigor, en lo que concierne al reconocimiento y enfrentamiento de las necesidades de la salud de las mujeres.OBJECTIVEnto understand the limits and the evaluative possibilities of the Family Health Strategy regarding the recognition of the health needs of women who experience violence.nnnMETHODna study with a qualitative approach, grounded in the perspective of gender, and which adopted health needs as the analytical category. The data were collected through interviews with health professionals and women who made use of a health service, and were analyzed using the method of discourse analysis.nnnRESULTSnthe meeting between the discourses of women who use the services and the professionals of the health service revealed, as the interface, human needs, as in the example of autonomy and of bonds. The understanding regarding the needs was limited to the recognition of health problems of physical and psychological natures, just as the predominance of the recognition of needs for maintaining life in the light of essentially human needs was revealed in the professionals discourses as an important limitation of the practices.nnnCONCLUSIONnemphasis is placed on the perspective of gender as a tool which must be aggregated to the routine of the professional practices in health so as to confirm or deny the transformative character of the care in place regarding the recognition and confronting of the womens health needs.

Gender and violence against women in nursing literature: a review

UNLABELLEDnIn the scientific production on inequalities in relationships between men and women, studies on violence against women and the urgency to recognize it as a public health problem stand out.nnnOBJECTIVEnconsidering the potential of nursing to expand understanding on this theme, this study aims to learn what is being published on gender and violence against women in the main Brazilian nursing journals.nnnMETHODnan integrative review of online publications between 2000 and 2012 was conducted. Of the 138 articles selected, 25 addressed gender and violence against women as social constructs.nnnRESULTSnthere was a predominance of qualitative approaches (60%), empirical research (60%), academic (100%), authors who were nurses (96%), spousal violence (32%) and domestic violence (20%). Violence against women in the light of gender was associated in only 32% of the articles.nnnCONCLUSIONnthere is a need for increased studies in partnership with the public health care service, and to expand discussions on the dynamics of power and resistance, which are the basis of the concept of gender.

Violence as a research object and intervention in the health field: an analysis from the production of the Research Group on Gender, Health and Nursingi

El estudio tiene como objetivo describir como la violencia se manifiesta en la produccion del Grupo de Investigacion de Genero, Salud y Enfermeria. Se trata de investigacion historica, enfoque cualitativo, que evaluo la produccion del grupo de investigacion, mediante analisis de contenido. Los resultados indican el genero como una categoria central en la determinacion de las practicas de salud y violencia. Este aspecto determina limitaciones en las practicas de afrontamiento profesionales, como la invisibilidad del problema. La autonomia de la mujer, el uso de alcohol y drogas y la vulnerabilidad social desempenan una importante relacion con el fenomeno y el enlace se revela como una potencialidad de las practicas de salud para abordar el problema. La perspectiva de genero en la investigacion en enfermeria es un campo innovador y contra-hegemonica, con la posibilidad de asumir una praxis con potencial transformador de la comprension y modos de intervencion en el fenomeno de la violencia de genero.UNLABELLEDnThe study aimed to describe how violence is revealed in the production of the Research Group on Gender, Health and Nursing. This is a historical research of qualitative approach, which evaluated the production of the Research Group, through content analysis. The results show gender as a central category in determining violence and health practices. This aspect determines limitations on professional practices of coping, such as the invisibility of the problem. The female autonomy, the use of alcohol and drugs and social vulnerability play an important relation with the phenomenon and the bond is revealed as potentiality of health practices to address the problem.nnnCONCLUSIONnThe gender perspective in nursing research is an innovative field and counter-hegemonic, a possibility to assume a meaning of praxis by transforming potential of understanding and modes of intervention in the phenomenon of gender violence.El estudio tiene como objetivo describir como la violencia se manifiesta en la produccion del Grupo de Investigacion de Genero, Salud y Enfermeria. Se trata de investigacion historica, enfoque cualitativo, que evaluo la produccion del grupo de investigacion, mediante analisis de contenido. Los resultados indican el genero como una categoria central en la determinacion de las practicas de salud y violencia. Este aspecto determina limitaciones en las practicas de afrontamiento profesionales, como la invisibilidad del problema. La autonomia de la mujer, el uso de alcohol y drogas y la vulnerabilidad social desempenan una importante relacion con el fenomeno y el enlace se revela como una potencialidad de las practicas de salud para abordar el problema. La perspectiva de genero en la investigacion en enfermeria es un campo innovador y contra-hegemonica, con la posibilidad de asumir una praxis con potencial transformador de la comprension y modos de intervencion en el fenomeno de la violencia de genero.

Gender subordination in the vulnerability of women to domestic violence

OBJECTIVEnTo create and validate an instrument that identifies womens vulnerability to domestic violence through gender subordination indicators in the family.nnnMETHODSnAn instrument consisting on 61 phrases was created, that indicates gender subordination in the family. After the assessment from ten judges, 34 phrases were validated. The approved version was administered to 321 health service users of São José dos Pinhais (Estado de Paraná, Brasil), along with the validated Portuguese version of the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) (for purposes of separating the sample group - the YES group was composed of women who have suffered violence and the NO group consisted of women who had not suffered violence). Data were transferred into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 22, and quantitatively analyzed using exploratory and factor analysis, and tests for internal consistency.nnnRESULTSnAfter analysis (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) statistics, Monte Carlo Principal Components Analysis (PCA, and diagram segmentation), two factors were identified: F1 - consisting of phrases related to home maintenance and family structure; F2 - phrases intrinsic to the couples relationship. For the statements that reinforce gender subordination, the mean of the factors were higher for the group that answered YES to one of the violence identifying issues.nnnCONCLUSIONSnThe created instrument was able to identify women who were vulnerable to domestic violence using gender subordination indicators. This could be an important tool for nurses and other professionals in multidisciplinary teams, in order to organize and plan actions to prevent violence against women.