Rosana Ribeiro

Juventude(s): desocupação, pobreza e escolaridade

This article analyses unemployment among young people, both poor and not poor, as well as the major difficulties faced by poor young people in job hunting. The results obtained reveal that poor young people face more difficulties than the not poor young people in obtaining a job. Besides, the main disadvantage faced by poor young people is their low level of education. Nevertheless, in a striking way, the unemployment rate doesn’t show a reduction among the most educated poor young people, unlike the situation for the not poor young people.

DESIGUALDADE DOS RENDIMENTOS DO TRABALHO: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO PARA AS REGIÕES NORDESTE E SUDESTE DO BRASIL

Seculo XXI, e o Brasil ainda e uma das sociedades mais desiguais do Planeta. A discrepância e acentuada mesmo quando se considera o rendimento do trabalho em todo o territorio; no Nordeste, por exemplo, os indices de concentracao de renda superam os do Sudeste. Neste artigo investigamos as principais variaveis explicativas para desigualdade total dos rendimentos do trabalho nessas regioes por meio da analise de variância. Os resultados revelaram que as variaveis nivel de escolaridade e posicao na ocupacao contribuiram muito para tal desigualdade. Logo, elevar o nivel de escolaridade das pessoas permite um melhor posicionamento na fila de individuos em busca de emprego. Contudo, realocar a participacao das pessoas na ocupacao segundo a posicao e tambem crucial: se a elevacao do nivel de escolaridade dos individuos pode ser obtida mediante uma politica publica educacional, alteracoes na proporcao de pessoas segundo a posicao na ocupacao se revelam tarefa muito mais dificil, que exige redefinicao na politica industrial - na verdade, na politica de desenvolvimento - para promover determinadas atividades economicas fundamentais a geracao de bons postos de trabalho.

Segregação ocupacional no mercado de trabalho segundo cor e nível de escolaridade no Brasil contemporâneo

The aim of this article is to analyze occupational segregation according to skin colour and level of schooling between 2002 and 2012. Occupational segregation is measured by indexes. These indexes show a bigger occupational segregation between white and black women than between white and black men, although this differential decreased during the time period. However, the levels of occupational segregation between white and black men who had fifteen years, or longer, of education increased, while the levels between black and white women decreased. It must be emphasized that most management positions are held by men. This result arouses concern. Moreover, the levels of occupational segregation between males according to skin colour and schooling level do not decrease, despite the increase of black males with higher schooling. The implementation of affirmative actions as well as quality improvement in education may contribute to the mitigation of this occupational segregation.

Defasagem idade-série a partir de distintas perspectivas teóricas

Age-grade gap from different theoretical perspectives. The purpose of this article is to analyze the determinants of the age-grade gap based on the human capital theory and some education sociology approaches. The article also shows the range and limitations of the Family Scholarship Transfer Programme (programa Bolsa Familia) in this age-grade gap reduction process. From the investigated theoretical aspects it can be concluded that this Programme would only show long-term effectiveness in the poverty reduction process if supported by at least a combination of programs and actions aimed at improving this educational indicator.

DIFERENCIAIS DE RENDIMENTOS ENTRE ASSALARIADOS NO BRASIL RECENTE

This article aims to identify whether the changes in the characteristics of the Economically Active Population (PEA) are crucial to explain the trajectory of the average real income and its gaps in the period 1995-2009, among persons who have 4, 8, 11, 15 years of study or more. The methodology of simulation used is an adaptation of the exercise performed by Langoni (1973). The simulations were performed for the period 1995-1999 and then to the interval from 2004 to 2009. From these simulations, the average income for the employees who have completed the various stages of formal education are estimated by the scale effect (linked to changes in PEA) and the income effect (associated with individual income). The results of the simulations indicated that the income effect dominated in the interval from 1995 to 1999. That is, the greater proportion of the reduction in real average income for nearly all employees who have completed stages of the educational cycles is mainly due to the changes in individual income per se . The exercise of simulation for the period 2004-2009 revealed that the magnitude of the income effect outweighs the scale effect. During this period, the increase in real income is due more to changes in individual incomes than to changes in the structure of the workforce. In summary, in the interval from 1995 to 2009, the factors that acted on individual incomes are more crucial to understanding the path of wages and its gaps between employees studied.

MITSUBISHI MOTORS CORPORATION DO BRASIL LTDA E SINDICATO DOS METALÚRGICOS DE CATALÃO: RESULTADOS DA CONSTITUIÇÃO DE UMA NOVA UNIDADE DE NEGOCIAÇÃO

O objetivo deste artigo e analisar os resultados da barganha coletiva em nova unidade de negociacao, entabulada entre Sindicado dos Trabalhadores nas Industrias Metalurgicas, Mecânicas e Material Eletrico de Catalao Goias (Simecat) e Mitsubishi Motors Company (MMC) e, portanto, em novo polo automotivo goiano. A metodologia se baseou numa classificacao das clausulas dos acordos coletivos segundo o escopo tematico bem como na comparacao dessas clausulas com a legislacao estatal. A partir deste estudo verificamos que existe uma inercia das clausulas dos acordos, embora se constate mudanca no conteudo normativo dessas clausulas. No caso da comparacao observamos que os acordos estabeleceram um conjunto de regras adicionais em relacao a legislacao estatal. Desse modo, os acordos firmados pelo Simecat e MMC conferiram maior regulacao a relacao de trabalho.