Sabria Aued-Pimentel

Lecythis pisonis Camb. nuts: oil characterization, fatty acids and minerals

Abstract The lipid content, the acid value, refractive and iodine indexes, the oil fatty acids profile as well as the concentration of inorganic elements contained in the Lecythis pisonis Camb. (Lecythidaceae) nuts were determined. The samples came from four different regions in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The samples showed a high lipid content (34.2 to 61.3%) that presented a fatty acid profile, an iodine value and an index of refraction equivalent to the corn oils. Among the macronutrients, high levels of P (5.2 to 6.2 mg g−1) and Sn (69.1 to 77.0 μg g−1) were observed in all the nuts. High levels of Pb (3.3 to 3.8 μg g−1), Cu (2.9 to 3.3 μg g−1), Zn (2.6 to 3.8 μg g−1) and Mn (4.0 to 11.6 μg g−1) were found. It is evidence of a possible toxicity and it could compromise the use of the L. pisonis nuts for human consumption. ©

Caracterização química do óleo da amêndoa de Sterculia striata St. Hil. et Naud

This paper describes total lipid content, unsaponifiable fraction and the acid, refractive, saponification and iodine indices of the oil of Sterculia striata nuts. The fatty acids, the sterols and the triterpene alcohols were determined. The percentage of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA), determined by NMR 1H (15,5%), makes the nuts of this species unsuitable for human consumption.

Determinação da diferença entre o valor real e o teórico do triglicerídeo ECN 42 para a detecção de adulteração em azeites de oliva comercializados no Brasil

CALCULATION OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ACTUAL AND THEORETICAL ECN 42 TRIACYLGLYCERIDE CONTENT TO DETECT ADULTERATION IN OLIVE OIL SAMPLES COMMERCIALIZED IN BRAZIL. The difference between the actual ECN 42 triacylglyceride content in vegetable oils, obtained by HPLC analysis, and the theoretical value calculated from the fatty acid composition was applied to detect the addition of seed oils with high contents of linoleic acid to olive oils commercialized in Brazil. The results indicate that samples analyzed were probably adulterated with low commercial value seed oils, rich in linoleic acid, like soybean, sunflower or corn.

Sistematic study of benzo[a]pyrene in coffee samples

A method for extracting and quantifying benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) was evaluated and improved for samples of green and roasted ground Arabica (Coffea arabica) and Conillon (Coffea canephora) Brazilian coffees. The influence of the roasting process in B[a]P formation was considered too. These samples were extracted with acetone, followed by saponification and cyclohexane extraction. The extracts were cleaned by chromatography on a silica-gel. The quantification was done by HPLC with reversed-phase and fluorescence detection under isocratic conditions. The detection and quantification limits were 0.03 µg kg-1 and 0.10 µg kg-1, respectively. The recovery ranged from 76 to 116% for concentrations between 1.00 and 3.00 µg kg-1. The values obtained for B[a]P concentrations were from 0.47 to 12.5 µg kg-1 for samples of ground roasted coffee. B[a]P was absent in the green coffee samples. The control of the roasting parameters is fundamental for obtaining a good quality product.

Comparison of gas chromatographic and gravimetric methods for quantization of total fat and fatty acids in foodstuffs.

Different methods to determine total fat (TF) and fatty acids (FA), including trans fatty acids (TFA), in diverse foodstuffs were evaluated, incorporating gravimetric methods and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID), in accordance with a modified AOAC 996.06 method. Concentrations of TF and FA obtained through these different procedures diverged (p< 0.05) and TFA concentrations varied beyond 20 % of the reference values. The modified AOAC 996.06 method satisfied both accuracy and precision, was fast and employed small amounts of low toxicity solvents. Therefore, the results showed that this methodology is viable to be adopted in Brazil for nutritional labeling purposes.

Ácidos graxos trans em óleos vegetais refinados poli-insaturados comercializados no estado de São Paulo, Brasil

This paper describes the results of fatty acids composition, mainly trans, in refined polyunsaturated vegetable oils, commercialized in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil during the years 2005 and 2007. The following samples were analyzed: 34 of soybean oil, 7 of sunflower oil, 2 of canola, and 6 of corn oil. The fatty acids were transesterified in a cold process and analyzed with optimized conditions by gas chromatography in a 100 m capillary column (SP 2560). Sixteen samples of soybean, two of canola, and four of sunflower oil showed levels of trans fatty acids higher than 2.0% (w/w methyl ester). In accordance with RDC 360/2003 of the Brazilian Sanitary Survey Agency (ANVISA), the trans fatty acid content must be on the nutrition facts label all food labels. Samples with less than 0.2 g of trans fatty acids per serving are considered free of them. The serving for vegetable oil is 13 mL. Therefore, the label of several vegetable oil samples analyzed should contain levels of trans fatty acids higher than zero. The vegetable oil refining process improvement, like the controlling of deodorization temperature, could contribute to meet the recommendations of the World Health Organization to minimize the trans fatty acids levels in food and to preserve the population health.

Informação nutricional de fórmulas infantis comercializadas no Estado de São Paulo: avaliação dos teores de lipídeos e ácidos graxos

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a informacao nutricional fornecida pelos fabricantes de formulas infantis, comparando-as quanto aos teores obtidos na analise, ao conteudo de lipideos, acidos graxos saturados, acidos graxos trans, acido linoleico, acido alfa-linolenico, acido araquidonico e acido docosahexaenoico. METODOS: Foram analisadas 14 amostras de seis marcas diferentes de formulas infantis comercializadas no Estado de Sao Paulo. A extracao e a quantificacao dos lipideos foram realizadas pelo metodo oficial (Roese Gottlieb), e a quantificacao dos acidos graxos, pela cromatografia em fase gasosa pelo metodo de adicao de padrao interno. As analises foram realizadas em triplicata. RESULTADOS: De acordo com os resultados, todas as amostras estavam em conformidade com a rotulagem para gordura total, uma estava em desacordo para acidos graxos saturados, seis para acidos graxos trans, quatro para acido linoleico, dez para acido alfa-linolenico, dois para acido araquidonico e tres para o acido docosahexaenoico. As formulas infantis para lactentes de zero a seis meses foram as que revelaram as maiores diferencas em relacao a informacao nutricional fornecida pelo fabricante. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados obtidos apontam a necessidade de um continuo monitoramento desses produtos por meio de programas de vigilância sanitaria, uma vez que a inadequacao dos nutrientes da fracao lipidica e outros pode afetar de maneira significativa o desenvolvimento infantil.

Composição química das sementes de Archontophoenix alexandrae H. Wendl. & Drude (Arecaceae)

Seeds of Archontophoenix alexandrae, extracted from fruits collected at the Cantareira State Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed for chemical composition, oil fatty acids profiles and mineral content aiming to evaluate their nutritional potential. High values of dietary fibers (38.80% w/w) and humidity (47.72% w/w) were found. Palmitic acid (19.80% w/w) was predominant among the saturated oil fraction, and oleic (42% w/w) and linoleic (13% w/w) among the insaturated oil fraction. The presence of a-tocopherol (vitamin E) equivalent to 4.0mg 100g-1 and d-tocopherol (1.8 mg 100g-1) confers some oxidative stability to the oil. Even containing minerals such as K, P, S, Ca, Zn, Se and Cu, lipids and dietary fibers, the presence of Pb (2.74mg kg-1) makes its consume unviable for avifauna, as well as it indicates anthropic contamination at the collect spot.