Salvador Guillermo González

Mecanismos de atenção selectiva na perturbação de hiperactividade com déficit de atenção

The attention deficit is the major factor of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This paper aims to demonstrate difficulties in selective attention of subjects with ADHD as compared to subjects without ADHD, attempting to verify which mechanisms of selective attention are more affected in subjects with ADHD. For this purpose, we evaluated selective attention in subjects with and without ADHD (152 without and 31 with ADHD), in a population of 183 subjects. The general results show that the subjects with ADHD present lower selective attention skills than the subjects without ADHD, specifically as far as rightness, errors, concentration and processed elements are concerned.

Auto-instruções: estratégia de regulação atencional da THDA

Self-instruction strategy has been recognized as a relevant strategy in cognitive and behavioural regulation as a way of improving attention skills, namely in subjects with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This paper aims at demonstrating the effectiveness of this strategy regarding this disorder in subjects with and without ADHD as a mean of promoting attention skills, particularly selective and sustained attention. The results showed that subjects who performed the verbal self-instruction strategy presented better results in both attention processes assessed, than those who did not do it.Self-instruction strategy has been recognized as a relevant strategy in cognitive and behavioural regulation as a way of improving attention skills, namely in subjects with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This paper aims at demonstrating the effectiveness of this strategy regarding this disorder in subjects with and without ADHD as a mean of promoting attention skills, particularly selective and sustained attention. The results showed that subjects who performed the verbal self-instruction strategy presented better results in both attention processes assessed, than those who did not do it.

Adquisición y desarrollo de la conducta de fumar

ResumenEl tema central del presente trabajo es la descripcion de los estadios a lo largo de los cuales se produce el desarrollo de la conducta de fumar tabaco.Se abarca el periodo que comprende desde que el nino tiene conocimiento del tabaco, aun sin haberlo probado, hasta que el individuo se convierte en un fumador adicto. En cada uno de los cinco estadios que se proponen: preparacion, iniciacion, experimentacion, habituacion y adiccion, se realiza una sintesis de las principales variables y procesos condicionant es d la conducta de fumar. Este analisis tiene una utilidad clara para el diseno de intervenciones tanto terapeuticas como educativo-preventivas en este campo.

Variables cognitivo conductuales e iniciación en la conducta de fumar tabaco

ResumenEl presente trabajo es el resultado de la revision de un nutrido grupo de estudios acerca de las variables cognitivo-conductuales condicionantes de la iniciacion en la conducta de fumar tabaco. Las aportaciones de los diversos autores confluyen en la idea de que aquellos preadolescentes o adolescentes con creencias distorsionadas acerca del tabaco, con actitudes favorables hacia el tabaco y el fumar y que han tenido alguna experiencia previa con esta conducta, se encuentran en mayor riesgo de comenzar a fumar tabaco (o seguir fumando), que aquellos en los que no se observan estas caracteristicas.