Sandhya Jain

Determining skeletal maturation using insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) test.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the validity of Insulin like Growth Factor -1(IGF-1) as a skeletal maturity indicator by comparing serum IGF-1 levels with the stages in cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) and in the middle phalanx of the third finger (MP3). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population was selected by using simple random sampling technique and consisted of 30 female subjects in the age range of 8-23 years who had blood sample, cephalometric and MP3 radiographs taken on the same day. Serum IGF-I estimation was carried out on the blood samples using chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method. CVM was evaluated using method by Baccetti et al and MP3 staging was done using Rajagopal & Kansal method. Mean IGF-1 level between the stages was compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney test. RESULTS Serum IGF-1 levels in females correlate well with skeletal maturity determined by CVM and MP3 stages and increase sharply during early pubertal stages followed by a decrease in late puberty. In addition we hypothesis that serum IGF-1 testing can be undertaken as a preliminary screening test in patients in whom the orthodontist predicts the possibility of using myofunctional appliance but in whom the chronologic age is not suggestive for a growth modification therapy. CONCLUSIONS The finding of the study highlights the fact that the serum IGF-1 estimation can be a valuable tool in assessing skeletal maturation.

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Pain Among Dentists in Madhya Pradesh, India Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, and Preventive Measures

Dentists are at risk for developing musculoskeletal problems. This provided the impetus for a study of prevalence, distribution, and the associated risk factors of these problems in the dentist population of Madhya Pradesh, India. The data were analyzed from 213 dentists of Madhya Pradesh, India, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and gave their consent for this cross-sectional study. Subjects were assessed by a special questionnaire using demographic details with working conditions. Chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Of total 213 participants, 83.10% had at least one musculoskeletal pain in the past 12 months. Low back pain was most frequent (57.75%) followed by neck pain (31.17%) and wrist pain (17.84%). The pain was significantly prevalent among the group who worked in direct vision, without assistant, in standing position or following none of the fitness regimen.

Serum IGF-1 levels as a clinical tool for optimizing orthodontic treatment timing

BackgroundThe study aims to associate serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels with cervical maturation stages (CS) 3, 4, and 5 on lateral cephalogram in male subjects and to find out peak serum IGF-1 levels among these three stages.MethodsThe study was conducted on 45 male subjects who were at skeletal maturation stage CS-3, CS-4, and CS-5. Subjects were selected using simple random sampling technique. Serum IGF-1 levels were estimated from blood samples using chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method. CS was evaluated using a six-stage method of evaluating the cervical vertebrae. Mean IGF-1 levels between the stages were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.ResultsOne-way ANOVA showed highly significant differences between all cervical stages with p value <0.01, but post hoc Tukey test showed highly significant differences between CS-4 and CS-5 with p value 0.006. Serum IGF-1 levels showed good association with skeletal age in male subjects; 53.3% of subjects at CS-3, 66.7% subjects at CS-4, and 6.7% subjects at CS-5 showed IGF-1 levels in peak range.ConclusionsSerum IGF levels can be used as an additional tool to optimize orthodontic treatment timing.

Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in females and males in different cervical vertebral maturation stages

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cross sectional study was to assess serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in female and male subjects at various cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 60 subjects, 30 females and 30 males, in the age range of 8-23 years. For all subjects, serum IGF-1 level was estimated from blood samples by means of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). CVM was assessed on lateral cephalograms using the method described by Baccetti. Serum IGF-1 level and cervical staging data of 30 female subjects were included and taken from records of a previous study. Data were analyzed by Kruska-Wallis and Mann Whitney test. Bonferroni correction was carried out and alpha value was set at 0.003. RESULTS: Peak value of serum IGF-1 was observed in cervical stages CS3 in females and CS4 in males. Differences between males and females were observed in mean values of IGF-1 at stages CS3, 4 and 5. The highest mean IGF-1 levels in males was observed in CS4 followed by CS5 and third highest in CS3; whereas in females the highest mean IGF-1 levelswas observed in CS3 followed by CS4 and third highest in CS5. Trends of IGF-1 in relation to the cervical stages also differed between males and females. The greatest mean serum IGF-1 value for both sexes was comparable, for females (397 ng/ml) values were slightly higher than in males (394.8 ng/ml). CONCLUSIONS: Males and females showed differences in IGF-1 trends and levels at different cervical stages.

Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia: Prosthetic and Endodontic Management

Individuals affected by ectodermal dysplasia syndromes have abnormalities of the glands, tooth buds, hair follicles, and nail development. Oral finding in ectodermal dysplasia patient are significant and can include multiple abnormalities of the dentition such as anodontia, hy-podontia or malformed and widely spaced peg like teeth, loss of occlusal vertical dimension, protuberant lips and lack of normal alveolar ridge development. This clinical report describes a combined surgical, pedodontic, and prosthodontic approach for the treatment of a patient with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

Computed tomographic analysis of condyle-fossa relationship in skeletal class I and skeletal class II vertically growing males

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the computed tomographic (CT) analysis of condyle-fossa relationship in skeletal Class I and Class II vertically growing males. Materials and Methods: The selected cases were divided into Group I: Control group, which comprised of 15 cases of skeletal Class I occlusion and Group II: Experimental group, which comprised of 15 cases of skeletal Class II malocclusion with cephalometric evaluation done to categorize the growth pattern. Occlusal state was evaluated on study models to exclude dentition with cross-bite, rotations, premature contacts, and absence of teeth. CT scan analyses were done to evaluate temporomandibular joint in both axial and coronal sections in centric occlusion. Results: Patients in Group II showed more angulated condyle, reduced posterior joint space, and decreased superior joint space with significant statistical difference (P < 0.05) in comparison to Group I. Group II also showed decreased glenoid-fossa width, less medial joint space, less condylar width anteroposteriorly but more mediolaterally in comparison to Group I, but it was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Group II patient with retrognathic mandible showed more angulated condyle, which was positioned more posteriorly in the glenoid fossa with decreased superior joint space and constricted glenoid width in comparison with Group I patient.

Transient bacteremia consequent to tooth brushing in orthodontic patients

INTRODUCTION The study was conducted to find out the significance of transient bacteraemia consequent to tooth brushing in patients undergoing different orthodontic procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out on 75 patients categorized in the separate groups with 25 subjects in each group of fixed, removable and myofunctional appliances. A matching control of 25 dental students was taken for comparison. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data was analyzed with the help of arithmetical mean and Chi-square test. RESULTS It was observed that the transient bacteraemia consequent to tooth brushing in different orthodontic treatment groups was not significantly different from that found in subjects not wearing orthodontic appliances (control group). CONCLUSIONS The risk of bacterial endocarditis and other cardiac lesions is not anyway higher in the patients wearing orthodontic appliances than those who were not undergoing any orthodontic treatment.

Relation of Pharynx with Orofacial Structures in Jaipur (India) Population Exhibiting Normal Occlusion with Respect to Sex: A Cross-sectional Study

Objective: To investigate the relation of pharynx with orofacial structures in Jaipur (India) population exhibiting normal occlusion with respect to sex. Materials and Methods: The relation of pharynx with orofacial structures was examined on the lateral cephalometric head films of 180 subjects, 90 males and 90 females. The age groups of the subjects were between 15 to 25 years. The effect of sex on the pharyngeal parameters was analyzed by means of variance analysis (ANOVA). Results and Conclusion: It was observed that five measurements Ba-PNS, apw2-ppw2, t-ppw, hy-apw2 and Ho perp. to ANS-PNS plane were different for males and females.

Prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders among the orthodontic patients using fonseca's questionnaire

Objective: The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of TMDs among the 12-18 years and 19-30 years patient age group requiring orthodontic treatment by using the Fonsecas questionnaire. Material and Methods: A total of 390 patients who visited the orthodontic department for treatment were asked to fill Fonsecas questionnaire. The results were analyzed for both the age groups and the percentage values were compared between males and females, different types of malocclusion and presence of TMDs. Results: In the 12-18 years age group, around 18.75% of the males and 12.28% of the females were having some degree of TMJ dysfunction. In the 19-30 years age group, around 30.32% of the females were found to have some severity of TMJ dysfunction as opposed to 19.23% of males. In the 12-18 years age group, around 11% of Class I, 16% of Class II and 50% of class III patients were having some degree of temporomandibular dysfunction. In the 19-30 years age group, the results showed that around 24% of Class I and class II patients and 50% of Class III patients presented with some degree of TMD. In the 12-18 years age group around 15% and in the 19-30 years age group, around 25% of the patients presented with some degree of TMD ranging from mild, moderate to severe. Conclusion: The study concludes that significantly more number of females presented with TMDs as compared to males in the 19-30 years age group. As the age increases the presence of TMDs also increases because of the significant presence of TMDs in the 19-30 years age group as compared to 12-18 years age group.

PATTERNS AND PREVALENCE OF CANINE ANOMALIES IN ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS

Objective The aim of the present study was to present detailed information regarding the impacted maxillary and mandibular canines and their patterns of presentation into the oral cavity and to evaluate the prevalence of different canine anomalies, such as ectopic canine, transmigration, transposition and agenesis of permanent canines among central Indian population. Method A total of 1593 patients OPG’s were thoroughly evaluated and the prevalence of different canine anomalies like impacted maxillary and mandibular canine, transmigration, transposition, agenesis and ectopic canine eruptions were evaluated. The canine angulation, vertical position in relation to occlusal surface of adjacent tooth’s and the overlapping of adjacent teeth’s crown by impacted canine was evaluated by tracings. Result Out of 1593 subjects, 22 patients had impacted canines. The prevalence of canine impaction was1.38%, with maxillary canine impaction of 0.93%, mandibular canine impaction of 0.37%, canine agenesis 0.06%, transmigration 0.12%, canine transposition 0.18% and the ectopic canine was 5.5%. Conclusion There is no gender difference in canine impaction. The prevalence of canine impaction is 1.38%.