Sandra Lucía Restrepo-Mesa

Factores asociados con el índice de masa corporal materno en un grupo de gestantes adolescentes, Medellín, Colombia

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia de factores socioeconomicos, de seguridad alimentaria, de salud, y algunas medidas antropometricas, en la clasificacion del indice de masa corporal (IMC) en un grupo de gestantes adolescentes de la ciudad de Medellin, Colombia, durante el tercer trimestre de gestacion. Se realizo un estudio analitico observacional transversal con 294 gestantes. Para el analisis se utilizo un analisis bivariado y un modelo de regresion logistica. La mayor probabilidad de presentar bajo peso gestacional la tuvieron aquellas gestantes cuyas familias devengaban menos de un salario minimo (OR = 5,8; IC95%: 1,97-16,8). Ser menor de 15 anos aumento cuatro veces la probabilidad bajo peso gestacional y tener un perimetro del brazo y de pantorrilla por encima de 24cm y 32cm, respectivamente, reduce la probabilidad de presentar bajo peso gestacional en un 94% (perimetro de brazo: OR = 0,1; IC95%: 0,0-0,2); (perimetro de pantorrilla: OR = 0,1; IC95%: 0,0-0,2). Se concluye que los ingresos y la edad cronologica se asociaron con el bajo peso gestacional. Los perimetros de brazo y pantorrilla se correlacionaron de forma positiva con el peso materno.

Concentrations of Plasma Free Palmitoleic and Dihomo-Gamma Linoleic Fatty Acids Are Higher in Children with Abdominal Obesity

Increased plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with abdominal obesity (AO). However, this association remains controversial in children. This study analyzed plasma FFA concentration in children with and without AO. Twenty-nine children classified with AO were matched by age and sex with 29 non-obese individuals. Blood samples were collected after fasting for 10–12 h. Plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined by automatized methods. FFAs were analyzed by gas chromatography. Children with and without AO had similar age (7.1 ± 2.6 vs. 7.2 ± 2.7 years; p > 0.05) but obese children showed higher (p < 0.05) body mass index (BMI) (+4.3 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (+5.1 mmHg), and insulin (+27.8 pmol/L). There were no significant differences in plasma total FFA concentration between groups (1.02 ± 0.61 vs. 0.89 ± 0.37 mmol/L; p > 0.05). However, children with AO had higher palmitoleic acid (0.94 vs. 0.70 wt %; p < 0.05) and dihomo-gamma linoleic acid (DHGL) (2.76 vs. 2.07 wt %; p < 0.05). Palmitoleic and DHGL acids correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI (r = 0.397; r = 0.296, respectively) and with waist circumference (r = 0.380; r = 0.276, respectively). Palmitoleic acid correlated positively with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.386; p < 0.05) and negatively with HDL-C (−0.572; p < 0.01). In summary, children with AO have higher plasmatic concentrations of free palmitoleic and DHGL fatty acids, which correlate with cardiometabolic risk factors.

ESTADO NUTRICIONAL MATERNO Y NEONATAL EN UN GRUPO DE ADOLESCENTES DE LA CIUDAD DE MEDELLÍN

INTRODUCTION in developing countries, including Colombia, teen pregnancy is a public health problem. It brings social, health and nutritional consequences for the mother/son binomial. OBJECTIVE to assess demographic, socioeconomic, food security, health and nutritional status characteristics in a group of pregnant teenagers and their newborns. METHODOLOGY a cross sectional analytical study was performed in 294 pregnant teenagers in their third trimester of pregnancy enrolled in the prenatal care programs of the public network of hospitals in Medellin-Colombia between 2011 and 2012. Association between the mothers body mass index, iron nutritional status and newborns weight at birth using explicative variables was assessed. RESULTS monthly incomes under a minimum salary were associated with low mothers weight and newborns small for gestational age. Low gestational weight was higher in pregnant women under 15 years of age and with a gynecological age under five years. The prevalence of anemia was low in the first trimester and increased at the end of pregnancy; 5.6% had adequate iron reserves. Low weight at birth was associated with infections and mothers low weight in the third trimester of pregnancy. CONCLUSION teenage pregnancy is a complex problem associated with negative effects in the nutritional, health and social status of the girl and their newborn.