Sandra Mara Alessi Aristides Arraes

Observações sobre o diagnóstico laboratorial e a epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar no Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

Between 1986 and 1997 a total of 1418 patients were examined at the Clinical Analysis Teaching and Research Laboratory of Maringa State University (LEPAC/UEM) for cutaneous leishmaniasis by direct examination of stained smears made from the lesions, the Montenegro skin test and the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Nine hundred and fifty five patients (67.3%) were positive for at least one of the three tests and of these 804 (84.2%) were considered to have contracted the disease in Parana State; 665 (69.6%) were between 15 and 49 years old; 658 (68.9%) were males; 523 (54.8%) sought medical advice during the first three months of their infections and 74 (7.7%) had mucosal lesions. Of the 83 counties of Parana State, where the patients had most probably acquired their infections, 44.7% were from the counties of Sao Jorge do Ivai (10.2%), Doutor Camargo (9.8%), Terra Boa (7.3%), Maringa (7.3%), Jussara (6.0%) and Cianorte (4.5%). Seventy seven strains of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis were isolated and 63.6% of these strains belong to serodema 1.Between 1986 and 1997 a total of 1418 patients were examined at the Clinical Analysis Teaching and Research Laboratory of Maringá State University (LEPAC/UEM) for cutaneous leishmaniasis by direct examination of stained smears made from the lesions, the Montenegro skin test and the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Nine hundred and fifty five patients (67.3%) were positive for at least one of the three tests and of these 804 (84.2%) were considered to have contracted the disease in Paraná State; 665 (69.6%) were between 15 and 49 years old; 658 (68.9%) were males; 523 (54.8%) sought medical advice during the first three months of their infections and 74 (7.7%) had mucosal lesions. Of the 83 counties of Paraná State, where the patients had most probably acquired their infections, 44.7% were from the counties of São Jorge do Ivaí (10.2%), Doutor Camargo (9.8%), Terra Boa (7.3%), Maringá (7.3%), Jussara (6.0%) and Cianorte (4.5%). Seventy seven strains of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis were isolated and 63.6% of these strains belong to serodema 1.

Aspectos epidemiológicos da leishmaniose tegumentar em área endêmica do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Realizou-se em 1992 e 1993 um inquerito epidemiologico para leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) envolvendo 684 individuos de uma populacao de aproximadamente 1400 pessoas de seis localidades agricolas (Fazenda Palmital, Cerâmica Andira, Fazenda Jussara, Fazenda Lagoa, Destilaria Melhoramentos e Fazenda Murure) de uma area endemica nos Municipios de Jussara e Terra Boa, no Norte do Estado do Parana, Brasil. Do total de 684 individuos estudados, 19,9% tinham historia de LT. Ressalta-se que na Fazenda Jussara ocorreu o maior percentual de pessoas com historia de LT (51/126 ou 40,5%). Das 684 reacoes de imunofluorescencia indireta realizadas, 58 (8,5%) tiveram titulos significativos, e destas, 17 (29,3%) eram de pessoas sem historia de LT. A intradermorreacao de Montenegro foi realizada em 97 individuos com historia de LT, sendo positiva em 80 (82,5%) deles. No momento do inquerito, sete individuos apresentavam lesao caracteristica de LT, e em quatro deles a pesquisa de Leishmania sp. foi positiva. A cepa de Leishmania isolada de um destes individuos foi identificada como Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis.

Nota sobre leishmaniose canina no noroeste do Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

Em area endemica de leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Municipio de Jussara, Estado do Parana, Brasil, detectaram-se tres caes domesticos infectados por Leishmania (Viannia) brasiliensis.Em area endemica de leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Municipio de Jussara, Estado do Parana, Brasil, detectaram-se tres caes domesticos infectados por Leishmania (Viannia) brasiliensis.

Investigação sorológica em cães de área endêmica de leishmaniose tegumentar, no Estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil

Increased reporting of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Paraná points to the need for information on both this diseases epidemiology and pertinent control measures. A serological survey was thus performed, with indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) for canine leishmaniasis in farm operations belonging to the Companhia Melhoramentos Norte do Paraná, in Jussara and Terra Boa counties, in northwestern Paraná. IIF was performed on 132 dogs, of which 24 (18.2%) had significant titers (>/=40). Imprints of six dogs with lesions were made and all were negative for Leishmania sp.

Enzyme immunoassay using Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis antigens for laboratorial diagnosis of American cutaneous leishmaniasis

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has a wide geographical distribution, including all the states of Brazil. Parasitological and immunological tests are the most commonly used methods for the laboratorial diagnosis of ACL. The objective of this study was to find a specific and sensitive antigen to the diagnosis of ACL. To this end, promastigotes of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis were submitted to gel-filtration chromatography (Sephadex G100) and to ionic-change chromatography (DEAE-Sepharose Fast-Flow), and the antigen reactivity was evaluated by enzyme immunoassay (EIA-IgG). The results showed that the peak II of fraction 8 distinguished ACL patient sera from those of healthy individuals and individuals with other diseases (P<0.0001), presenting 85.41% sensitivity and 91.22% specificity. False-positive results were found for sera from Chagas disease patients (16.67%) and healthy individuals (10.42%). False-positive results were not detected for sera from patients with toxoplasmosis or paracoccidioidomycosis. The fraction obtained shows good sensitivity and specificity for ACL diagnosis and opens up new possibilities for the use of serology in laboratorial diagnosis, seroepidemiological studies and in the follow up of ACL treatment.

Investigação sorológica de casos subclínicos de leishmaniose tegumentar após um surto em uma localidade endêmica

Subclinical cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were investigated in a district of Maringá, State of Paraná, by means of the indirect immunofluorescence reaction and enzyme immunoassay. Among the 130 samples analyzed, one presented titer 40 and three presented titer 20 in the indirect immunofluorescence reaction, while 11 samples were positive in the enzyme immunoassay reaction. These data suggest that subclinical cases exist at this locality.

Ocorrência de leishmaniose tegumentar em cães de área endêmica no Estado do Paraná

The infection by Leishmania braziliensis complex was studied in 50 dogs from Maringa, PR, where American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in humans have been detected. Data were collected from August to December 2006 in an area in which ACL cases in humans were reported from 2003 to 2004. Indirect immunofluorescent test (IIF) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were applied. No lesions were found in the animals, although 12 (24.0%) had positive IIF and/or PCR. Positiveness was 14.0% for IIF and PCR. Lab tests showed that eight (22.8%) out of the 35 home animals were ACL positive. The other 15 animals were stray dogs, out of which four (26.7%) were PCR positive. The appearance of asymptomatic Leishmania-infected dogs in an ACL endemic area may be an indicator of ACL transmission potential for humans and a reference for the establishment of control measures and disease prevention.

Occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in dogs of endemic area, Paraná State

The infection by Leishmania braziliensis complex was studied in 50 dogs from Maringa, PR, where American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in humans have been detected. Data were collected from August to December 2006 in an area in which ACL cases in humans were reported from 2003 to 2004. Indirect immunofluorescent test (IIF) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were applied. No lesions were found in the animals, although 12 (24.0%) had positive IIF and/or PCR. Positiveness was 14.0% for IIF and PCR. Lab tests showed that eight (22.8%) out of the 35 home animals were ACL positive. The other 15 animals were stray dogs, out of which four (26.7%) were PCR positive. The appearance of asymptomatic Leishmania-infected dogs in an ACL endemic area may be an indicator of ACL transmission potential for humans and a reference for the establishment of control measures and disease prevention.

Occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in dogs from the endemic area in Paraná State.

The infection by Leishmania braziliensis complex was studied in 50 dogs from Maringa, PR, where American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in humans have been detected. Data were collected from August to December 2006 in an area in which ACL cases in humans were reported from 2003 to 2004. Indirect immunofluorescent test (IIF) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were applied. No lesions were found in the animals, although 12 (24.0%) had positive IIF and/or PCR. Positiveness was 14.0% for IIF and PCR. Lab tests showed that eight (22.8%) out of the 35 home animals were ACL positive. The other 15 animals were stray dogs, out of which four (26.7%) were PCR positive. The appearance of asymptomatic Leishmania-infected dogs in an ACL endemic area may be an indicator of ACL transmission potential for humans and a reference for the establishment of control measures and disease prevention.

Leishmaniose tegumentar americana em municípios da região noroeste do estado do Paraná: utilização de sensoriamento remoto para análise do tipo de vegetação e os locais de ocorrência da doença

American cutaneous leishmaniasis, an endemic disease in the northwestern region of Paraná, Brazil, is transmitted by phlebotomines to man and animals like dogs, armadillos, opossums and wild rodents. This disease has been occurring in places where forests have been felled and on the banks of rivers and lakes with arboreal vegetation, where man comes into contact with infected insects. This disease is a public health problem because of the occurrence of epidemic outbreaks throughout Paraná. Because of the importance of finding out about endemic areas, this study used epidemiological file data on patients attended between 1999 and 2004. These data were correlated with areas of forest felling that were identified by means of satellite remote sensing techniques and products. The results showed that the occurrences of cases in the municipalities of this region coincided with the presumed likely areas for patient infection.