Thaís Gomes Verzignassi Silveira

Observações sobre o diagnóstico laboratorial e a epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar no Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

Between 1986 and 1997 a total of 1418 patients were examined at the Clinical Analysis Teaching and Research Laboratory of Maringa State University (LEPAC/UEM) for cutaneous leishmaniasis by direct examination of stained smears made from the lesions, the Montenegro skin test and the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Nine hundred and fifty five patients (67.3%) were positive for at least one of the three tests and of these 804 (84.2%) were considered to have contracted the disease in Parana State; 665 (69.6%) were between 15 and 49 years old; 658 (68.9%) were males; 523 (54.8%) sought medical advice during the first three months of their infections and 74 (7.7%) had mucosal lesions. Of the 83 counties of Parana State, where the patients had most probably acquired their infections, 44.7% were from the counties of Sao Jorge do Ivai (10.2%), Doutor Camargo (9.8%), Terra Boa (7.3%), Maringa (7.3%), Jussara (6.0%) and Cianorte (4.5%). Seventy seven strains of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis were isolated and 63.6% of these strains belong to serodema 1.Between 1986 and 1997 a total of 1418 patients were examined at the Clinical Analysis Teaching and Research Laboratory of Maringá State University (LEPAC/UEM) for cutaneous leishmaniasis by direct examination of stained smears made from the lesions, the Montenegro skin test and the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Nine hundred and fifty five patients (67.3%) were positive for at least one of the three tests and of these 804 (84.2%) were considered to have contracted the disease in Paraná State; 665 (69.6%) were between 15 and 49 years old; 658 (68.9%) were males; 523 (54.8%) sought medical advice during the first three months of their infections and 74 (7.7%) had mucosal lesions. Of the 83 counties of Paraná State, where the patients had most probably acquired their infections, 44.7% were from the counties of São Jorge do Ivaí (10.2%), Doutor Camargo (9.8%), Terra Boa (7.3%), Maringá (7.3%), Jussara (6.0%) and Cianorte (4.5%). Seventy seven strains of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis were isolated and 63.6% of these strains belong to serodema 1.

Aspectos epidemiológicos da leishmaniose tegumentar em área endêmica do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Realizou-se em 1992 e 1993 um inquerito epidemiologico para leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) envolvendo 684 individuos de uma populacao de aproximadamente 1400 pessoas de seis localidades agricolas (Fazenda Palmital, Cerâmica Andira, Fazenda Jussara, Fazenda Lagoa, Destilaria Melhoramentos e Fazenda Murure) de uma area endemica nos Municipios de Jussara e Terra Boa, no Norte do Estado do Parana, Brasil. Do total de 684 individuos estudados, 19,9% tinham historia de LT. Ressalta-se que na Fazenda Jussara ocorreu o maior percentual de pessoas com historia de LT (51/126 ou 40,5%). Das 684 reacoes de imunofluorescencia indireta realizadas, 58 (8,5%) tiveram titulos significativos, e destas, 17 (29,3%) eram de pessoas sem historia de LT. A intradermorreacao de Montenegro foi realizada em 97 individuos com historia de LT, sendo positiva em 80 (82,5%) deles. No momento do inquerito, sete individuos apresentavam lesao caracteristica de LT, e em quatro deles a pesquisa de Leishmania sp. foi positiva. A cepa de Leishmania isolada de um destes individuos foi identificada como Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis.

Photodynamic therapy for American cutaneous leishmaniasis: The efficacy of methylene blue in hamsters experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) using Methylene Blue (MB) as the photosensitizing compound and a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) in American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Hamsters were experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. After the development of the lesions in the footpad, the animals were treated with MB three times a week for 3 months. Ten minutes after each application of MB, the lesions were irradiated with LED for 1 h. The lesions were evaluated weekly by the measurement of the hamster footpad thickness. At the end of the treatment the parasitic load was quantified in the regional lymph node of the hamsters. The treatment promoted a decrease in the thickness of infected footpad (P=0.0001) and reduction in the parasitic load in the regional lymph node (P=0.0007) of the animals from group treated with MB+LED. PDT using MB+LED in ACL caused by L. amazonensis shows a strong photodynamic effect. This therapy is very promising, once it is an inexpensive system and the own patient can apply it in their wound and in their house without the need of technical assistance.

Flebotomíneos de municípios do norte do estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

This work reports the results of sandfly collections in several places, during 2001 and 2002, in Bom Sucesso, Jardim Alegre, Kalore, Londrina and Sabaudia municipalities, North of the State. The sandflies catches were performed with Shannon and Falcao traps in domiciliary areas, domestic animal shelters, barns and in the forest. A total of 4,019 specimens of 8 species were captured. Nyssomyia whitmani predominates in all of the municipalities. The species Migonemyia migonei, Nyssomyia neivai and N. whitmani may be involved in the epidemiology of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in this state.

Influência da reorganização, da limpeza do peridomicílio e a da desinsetização de edificações na densidade populacional de flebotomíneos no Município de Doutor Camargo, Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Phlebotomine sandfly captures were performed in the domicile, domestic animal shelters, and peridomicile before and after rearrangement, cleaning, and disinsectization. Phlebotomine sandflies were captured with Falcão traps from October 1998 to April 2000 in the Recanto Marista district, Doutor Camargo municipality, Paraná State. The results were compared with those from October 1996 to September 1997. In this survey, 122,616 phlebotomine sandflies were captured using 10 traps, as compared to 157,983 in the previous period, with 6 traps. Lutzomyia neivai predominated in both periods. During the former period an hourly average of 1,641.9 phlebotomine sandflies were captured as compared to 806.7 in the latter. The results with four traps installed in the same locations shows that the hourly average was 1,318.8 in the former period and 156.0 in the latter. The large reduction in the number of phlebotomine sandflies captured in the second period may be due to the impact of alterations in the environment and the disinsectization of the buildings after the first period.

Informações preliminares sobre flebotomíneos do norte do Paraná

The results from sandfly collections in 10 municipalities in Parana State, Brazil are reported. The captures were done using Falcao traps in homes, domestic animal shelters and forested areas, from 1999 to 2002. A total of 13,653 sandflies were collected from 10 species of the genera Brumptomyia, Expapillata, Evandromyia, Migonemyia, Pintomyia, Nyssomyia and Psathyromyia. The species Nyssomyia neivai was predominant in five municipalities. N. whitmani predominated in the other five, in greater numbers than for N. neivai in the first five municipalities. High frequencies of sand flies were found in forests, homes, pigpens and henhouses. Investigations on the participation of domestic animals and phlebotomine fauna in the epidemiology of tegumentary leishmaniasis should be routine in health surveillance, especially where this disease is endemic.

Ecologia de Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani em área urbana do município de Maringá, Paraná

OBJETIVOS: Estudar a fauna, a frequencia horaria e a sazonalidade de flebotomineos em abrigos de animais silvestres, perimetro urbano.. METODOS: No Parque do Inga, perimetro urbano do municipio de Maringa, PR, foram coletados flebotomineos com armadilha de Shannon (AS) e com armadilhas de Falcao (AF). As coletas com AS foram feitas na margem do corrego Moscados, das 18h as 6h. As coletas com AF foram realizadas em abrigos de aves, mamiferos e repteis silvestres, das 20h as 24h. Com ambos os metodos as coletas foram feitas duas noites ao mes, de outubro de 1998 a setembro de 2000. RESULTADOS: Nas As coletaram-se 13.656 flebotomineos, com predominio de Lutzomyia whitmani (98,7%). Coletaram-se 4.040 flebotomineos, prevalecendo novamente L. whitmani (96,3%). Nas AS L. whitmani foi mais frequente entre 0h e 2h. Nas AS, esta especie foi mais frequente no mes de agosto (55,1%), e nas AF em marco (19,2%) e novembro (15,9%) de 1999, e em agosto (20,6%) de 2000. Coletaram-se mais flebotomineos nas AF instaladas nos abrigos de mamiferos (84,0%). CONCLUSOES: Foi nitido o predominio de L. whitmani no Parque do Inga; o pico maior de frequencia de L. whitmani em AS e no mes de agosto e nas AF, em marco e novembro; o pico de atividade de L. whitmani ocorre entre 0h e 2h.OBJETIVOS: Estudar a fauna, a frequencia horaria e a sazonalidade de flebotomineos em abrigos de animais silvestres, perimetro urbano.. METODOS: No Parque do Inga, perimetro urbano do municipio de Maringa, PR, foram coletados flebotomineos com armadilha de Shannon (AS) e com armadilhas de Falcao (AF). As coletas com AS foram feitas na margem do corrego Moscados, das 18h as 6h. As coletas com AF foram realizadas em abrigos de aves, mamiferos e repteis silvestres, das 20h as 24h. Com ambos os metodos as coletas foram feitas duas noites ao mes, de outubro de 1998 a setembro de 2000. RESULTADOS: Nas As coletaram-se 13.656 flebotomineos, com predominio de Lutzomyia whitmani (98,7%). Coletaram-se 4.040 flebotomineos, prevalecendo novamente L. whitmani (96,3%). Nas AS L. whitmani foi mais frequente entre 0h e 2h. Nas AS, esta especie foi mais frequente no mes de agosto (55,1%), e nas AF em marco (19,2%) e novembro (15,9%) de 1999, e em agosto (20,6%) de 2000. Coletaram-se mais flebotomineos nas AF instaladas nos abrigos de mamiferos (84,0%). CONCLUSOES: Foi nitido o predominio de L. whitmani no Parque do Inga; o pico maior de frequencia de L. whitmani em AS e no mes de agosto e nas AF, em marco e novembro; o pico de atividade de L. whitmani ocorre entre 0h e 2h.

Flebotomíneos em área de transmissão de leishmaniose tegumentar na região norte do Estado do Paraná - Brasil: Variação Sazonal e Atividade Noturna

No periodo de dois anos de capturas de flebotomineos com armadilha luminosa de Shannon, as margens de uma mata residual alterada, na fazenda Palmital, Municipio de Terra Boa, Estado do Parana, Brasil, observou-se que a densidade populacional desses insetos diminuiu sensivelmente, quando comparada com resultados anteriores, no mesmo local. As especies predominantes, Lutzomyia whitmani, Lutzomyia migonei, Lutzomyia intermedius e Lutzomyia fischeri tiveram atividade das 18 as 6h e o pico horario de frequencia variou de acordo com cada especie. As especies citadas mostraram maior densidade nos meses de verao e outono. Concluem-se que as alteracoes introduzidas no ambiente podem ter resultado em mudancas no comportamento dos flebotomineos.

Leishmaniose tegumentar americana canina em municípios do norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is an endemic disease in northern Parana State, where it affects humans and dogs. This study aimed to verify the occurrence of the canine disease in ACL endemic areas. From September 1999 to July 2002, dogs were investigated in 7 rural areas of 5 municipalities where autochthonous human cases of ACL had been reported. Parasitological and serological methods were used. Fourteen of 67 dogs studied (20.9%) had lesions suggestive of ACL, of which 3 (21.4%) were infected with Leishmania sp. Indirect immunofluorescence for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis was positive in 37 (55.2%) of 67 dogs. The results showed that human and canine ACL occur simultaneously and indicate the need for additional studies to elucidate the role of dogs in the ACL transmission cycle in the area studied.

Nota sobre leishmaniose canina no noroeste do Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

Em area endemica de leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Municipio de Jussara, Estado do Parana, Brasil, detectaram-se tres caes domesticos infectados por Leishmania (Viannia) brasiliensis.Em area endemica de leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Municipio de Jussara, Estado do Parana, Brasil, detectaram-se tres caes domesticos infectados por Leishmania (Viannia) brasiliensis.