Sandra Maria Maziero

Efeitos gênicos do teor de cálcio em grãos de feijão

The objective of this research was to investigate the existence of maternal effect in calcium content of common bean grains and to estimate heritability and gene effect by selection in early generations. The controlled crossings were performed among the cultivars ‘Perola’ x ‘TPS Bonito’ and ‘TPS Bonito’ x ‘BRS Expedito’. The F1, F1 reciprocal, F2, F2 reciprocal, F3, F3 reciprocal, backcross 1 and backcross 2 generations were obtained for each hybrid combination. The calcium content was ascertained by nitric-perchloric digestion and determination on the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Genetic variability in grain calcium content was revealed in two crosses with higher influence of the additive genetic effect, beyond expression of maternal effect. Estimates of heritability in the broad sense were of 66.75% and 74.65% and in the narrow sense of 47.00% and 63.61%, in the crosses ‘Perola’ x ‘TPS Bonito’ and ‘TPS Bonito’ x ‘BRS Expedito’, respectively. The selection performed in the early generation may be effective for development of common bean germplasm with higher calcium content.

Potencial de aumento do teor de ferro em grãos de feijão por melhoramento genético

BREEDING POTENTIAL FOR IRON CONTENT IN COMMON BEAN The development of common bean germplasm with higher iron content would be an interesting alternative to reduce the low in take of this mineral in Brazilians diet. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the existence of maternal effect in iron content and to analyse the inheritance of this trait. The F1, F1 reciprocal, F2, F2 reciprocal, F3, F3 reciprocal, backcross 1 and backcross 2 generations were performed among the cultivars Minuano x Diamante Negro and Diamante Negro x IAPAR 44. The iron content was ascertained by nitric-perchloric digestion and determination on the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Genetic variability in grain iron content was revealed in two crosses, beyond expression of maternal effect . Estimates of heritability in the broad sense was of 76.36% and the narrow sense of 50.60% in the cross Minuano x Diamante Negro. The gain from selection was of 11.14% and it is able to increase in grain iron content in common bean by plant breeding. The selection performed in the early generation may be effective for development of common bean germplasm with higher iron content.

Comparison among direct, indirect and index selections on agronomic traits and nutritional quality traits in common bean.

BACKGROUND Selection indices are linear combinations that allow the selection of several characters simultaneously. The objective of this study was to verify the efficiency of direct selection, indirect selection and selection indices in the identification of higher inbred common bean lines for grain yield, morphological, phenological and nutritional traits. RESULTS There is genetic variability for grain yield, lodging, general adaptation note, cycle, insertion of the first pod, calcium and iron concentrations in the seeds. Moderate phenotypic correlation coefficients were observed between grain yield and general adaptation note (r = -0.57) and cycle (r = -0.57). When direct selection was performed for grain yield, the insertion of the first pod, calcium and iron concentrations showed negative indirect selection gains. The classic index showed that the distribution of gains has become more balanced: grain yield (39.05%), calcium (8.29%) and iron concentration (1.64%). CONCLUSION Direct selection and indirect selection are not efficient in the simultaneous selection of agronomic traits and nutritional quality in common bean. The classical, base and multiplicative indexes provide responses of gain balanced among traits and superior genetic progress in the selection of inbred common bean lines, and have a high coincidence between the lines selected.

Qualidade para o cozimento e composição nutricional de genótipos de feijão com e sem armazenamento sob refrigeração

ABSTRACT The common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) presentshigher nutritional quality, however when stored in undesirableconditions, become hardened and resistant to cooking. Theaim of this research was to evaluate the effect of refrigerationstorage on the cooking and nutritional quality of commonbean genotypes of the black (Macanudo, Guapo Brilhante andBRS Campeiro) and color (Carioca, Perola and LH 5) group.The six genotypes were evaluated immediately after harvesttime and the grains that were evaluated after six months ofstorage, were dried in hot-house until 13% moisture content.The grains were reserved in plastic bag and storaged inrefrigeration under 0oC and at 50% of relative humidity. It wasevaluated cooking quality (water absorption, normal grains,hardshell grains and cooking time), the color of grains tegumentand the nutritional quality (protein, potassium, iron and zinc)were evaluated as well. The genotypes of black group (Macanudoand BRS Campeiro) keep the quality for cooking, the clarity ofgrains tegument and nutritional quality after six months ofstorage. The genotypes of the color group (Carioca, Perolaand LH 5) present darkening on the grains tegument, but thenutritional quality is not modified after six months of storage

Methods of selecting common bean lines having high yield, early cycle and erect growth

Selection for grain yield, combined with phenological and morphological characteristics of agricultural interest, represents technological advances in the common bean. The objectives of this work were to estimate genetic parameters and the efficiency of both the Pedigree and Single-Seed Descent (SSD) methods for progression segregating populations in order to obtain common bean lines superior in grain yield, precocity and plant architecture. To do this, 136 inbred lines obtained using the Pedigree method, and 136 inbred lines obtained by SSD method were evaluated in a 17 x 17 simple lattice design, integrating the 272 inbred lines in the F 7 generation and 17 cultivars as control. Estimates of moderate narrow sense heritability were obtained for grain yield, lodging and insertion of the first pod. The cycle and general adaptation note showed low heritability for the F 7 generation. The Pedigree method allows obtaining a greater number of lines of high grain yield, early cycle and a lower general adaptation note (best adaptability). Selection using the Single-Seed Descent method allows the identification of a larger number of lines with lower notes for lodging and higher insertion of the first pod.

Selection of common bean lines with high grain yield and high grain calcium and iron concentrations

O melhoramento genetico da qualidade nutricional do feijao representa vantagens mercadologicas e contribui para a sociedade em termos de fonte de alimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genetica para a produtividade de graos e para a concentracao de calcio e de ferro em graos de linhagens de feijao obtidas por diferentes metodos de melhoramento. Para tanto, 136 linhagens F7 foram obtidas pelo metodo Genealogico e 136 linhagens F7 foramobtidas pelo metodo Descendencia de uma Unica Semente (SSD). As linhagens de feijao apresentaram variabilidade genetica para produtividade de graos, concentracao de calcio e de ferro em graos independentemente do metodo de conducao da populacao segregante. O metodo Genealogico permitiu obter maior numero de linhagens com alta produtividade de graos. A selecao usando o metodo SSD possibilitou a identificacao de maior numero de linhagens com alta concentracao de calcio e de ferro nos graos. Correlacao negativa de baixa magnitude foi observada entre a produtividade de graos e as concentracoes de calcio (r = -0,0994) e de ferro (r = -0,3926). Varias linhagens apresentam superioridade genetica para a produtividade de graos e para concentracoes de calcio e de ferro nos graos, e a selecao destas linhagens pode resultar em novas cultivares de feijao com alta qualidade nutricional.

Genetics of phosphorus content in common bean seeds

The common bean is an important source of minerals and protein in human nutrition. The objective of this study was to investigate possible maternal effects on phosphorus contents in seeds of the common bean, to estimate the heritability in early hybrid generations for the phosphorus content character and to evaluate the potential for genetic improvement. The controlled crossings were performed among Perola x Guapo Brilhante and TPS Nobre x Guapo Brilhante cultivars. Reciprocal F1, and F2 generations as well as backcross populations were produced by each hybrid combination. The range of variation in phosphorus content among tested progenies was from 3.38 to 5.78 g kg-1 dry matter, and no significant maternal effect was discovered. Narrow sense heritability was of an intermediate 65.54% to low 21.37 % value. An increase of 19.17 % was obtained for phosphorus content in the seeds using just the three parents tested in this study.

Avaliação de caracteres morfológicos de feijão comum identifica espessura do grão diretamente correlacionada com o tempo de cozimento

Breeding programs have devoted great attention to the development of new common bean cultivars with fast-cooking grains and market acceptance. In Brazil, both the packaging industry and consumers prefer the Black and Carioca beans (Carbonell et al. 2010). These beans have mass of 100 grains of 25-30 g and elliptical and semi-full grains. Common bean lines and cultivars with cooking times between 12 and 26 minutes were ABSTRACT RESUMO

Composição de aminoácidos em gerações precoces de feijão obtidas a partir de cruzamentos controlados com parental de alto teor de cisteína

The objective of this research was to determine the amino acid composition of early generations in common bean developed from controlled crossings with high cysteine content parental and to identify plants with high cysteine content. ‘TPS Nobre’ x ‘Minuano’ were crossed and the F 1 , F 1 reciprocal, F 2 , F 2 reciprocal, backcross 1 e backcross 2 generations were obtained. The amino acid contents were determinated by liquid chromatography of high performance (HPLC) and the data were submitted to analysis of variance and cannonical variables. The cysteine, proline, tyrosine, arginine, isoleucine and histidine contents showed genetic variability between the parents and the generations. The essential and nonessential amino acids contents obtained from the parents, F 1 and F 1 reciprocal generations were appropriate to be consumed. Other generations showed deficiency of the sulfur amino acids. The two first cannonical variables explained 96.43% of the total variation of the genotypes and two groups were formed. None of the plants of the F 2 generation is able to be selected by program of improvement to the development of segregating populations of common bean with high cysteine content.

Experimental precision of grain yield components and selection of superior common bean lines

Genetically superior common bean lines will be efficiently selected with the use of more precise experimental statistics. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the experimental precision of grain yield and primary grain yield components in experiments to register common bean cultivars and identify more appropriate statistics for the selection of genetically superior common bean lines. For this purpose, 21 experiments were performed in a randomized block design in southern Brazil. A total of 156 common bean genotypes of the Mesoamerican and Andean gene pool were assessed between 1998 and 2015. Experimental precisions of grain yield and primary grain yield components were evaluated using 11 statistics. Grain yield, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, and mass of 100 grains were evaluated with greater experimental precision by the F-test value for genotype, heritability, coefficient of relative variation, and selective accuracy. Mass of 100 grains presented the highest experimental precision among the traits evaluated in this study. The F-test value for genotype, heritability, coefficient of relative variation, and selective accuracy allow the selection of common bean lines with genetic superiority for grain yield and primary grain yield components. Selective accuracy is the most appropriate statistic to select common bean lines with genetic superiority for grain yield and is recommended for breeding programs.