Sebastião Elviro de Araújo Neto

Produção de muda orgânica de pimentão com diferentes substratos

The seedlings stage in the horticulture is fundamental to obtain good yield, and the substrate is the largest responsible for that. The objective of this research was to identify combination of organic residues in the confection of substrates for production of sweet pipper seedlings cv. Casca Dura Avelar. Seeds were sowed in plastic glasses of 180cm3, containing mixtures of organic residues in each substrate, as it follows: T1 Plantimax® (treatment control), T2 compost organic + coconut peel (1:1 v/v), T3 compost organic + bed-of-chicken + peel-of-rice carbonized (1:1:1 v/v), T4 compost organic + manure bovine + peel-of-rice carbonized (1:1:1 v/v), T5 compost organic + earthworm casting + peel-of-rice carbonized (1:1:1 v/v), T6 compost organic + earthworm casting + pit of triturated acai (1:1:1 v/v), T7 compost organic + earthworm casting + peel of triturated coconut (1:1:1 v/v), T8 compost organic + manure bovine + peel of triturated coconut (1:1:1 v/v). The experiment followed a completely randomized design with eigth treatments and four replicates and three plants per plot. There was effect of the substrate in the production of seedlings of sweet pepper for all the analyzed characteristics. The substrate Plantmax® was what presented better acting. Among the alternative substrates, the T5 was what presented the best result.

Caracterização de frutos de progênies de meios-irmãos de maracujazeiro-amarelo em Rio Branco - Acre

The present study aimed to evaluate and to characterize 39 progenies of half-sib of yellow passion fruit tree to subsidize the program of genetic breeding of this culture. The experimental design was carried out in randomized blocks, with 39 treatments (39 progenies of half-sibs), with 2 replications and 5 plants per plot. The evaluations were done in the second year of production. The evaluated characteristics were: length and diameter of the fruit, relation of length/diameter, mass of the fruit, of the skin and of the pulp, yield of pulp (arils + seeds), thickness of the skin, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solid content (SS) and SS/TA relation. On the basis of the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits, it was possible to make a characterization of the 39 progenies of the evaluated half-sibs. The fruits of progenies 3, 27 and 39 present desirable characteristics for the in natura market, while the progenies 9, 10, 16, 17, 32 and 38 have important characteristics for the processing.

Qualidade de alface crespa cultivada em sistema orgânico, convencional e hidropônico

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da alface do grupo crespa, cv. Vera, em sistemas de cultivo orgânico, convencional e hidroponico em Rio Branco-AC. O experimento foi conduzido em julho de 2009. As amostras dos sistemas, convencional e hidroponico (3 marcas comerciais), foram escolhidas aleatoriamente nos supermercados do municipio de Rio Branco, no mesmo dia de coleta da alface produzida em sistema orgânico. A alface orgânica, produzida na area experimental do Setor de Agricultura Ecologica da Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), em Rio Branco, foi cultivada em estufa, sob plantio direto utilizando folhas de bambu como cobertura do solo, e adubada com composto orgânico (17 t ha-1 em base seca). O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repeticoes compostas por tres plantas. As amostras foram lavadas, cortadas e processadas com folha e caule, para obter o suco. Logo apos foram determinados os teores de solidos soluveis e a concentracao de nitrato e acido ascorbico. As tres marcas de alface hidroponica apresentaram maior teor de nitrato e menor concentracao de solidos soluveis e acidos ascorbico, enquanto a alface orgânica apresentou qualidade superior, com baixa concentracao de nitrato e maior teor de acido ascorbico.

Adensamento, desbaste e análise econômica na produção do maracujazeiro-amarelo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes densidades de plantas sobre as caracteristicas de producao, qualidade de fruto e sobre a rentabilidade economica do maracujazeiro-amarelo. O experimento foi instalado no municipio de Sao Tiago, Minas Gerais. Os tratamentos constituiram-se de diferentes densidades de plantas na linha de plantio: T1=1,0 m (3.330 plantas/ha); T2=2,0 m (1.660 plantas/ha); T3=3,0 m (1.110 plantas/ha); T4= 4,0 m (830 plantas/ha); T5=1,0 m (3.330/1.660 plantas/ha); T6=1,5 m (2.220/1.110 plantas/ha), e T7=2,0 m (1.660/830 plantas/ha). Nos tratamentos T5, T6 e T7, foi feito desbaste de plantas alternadas logo apos o termino da colheita da primeira safra. A maior produtividade foi estimada em 11,9 t ha-1 na densidade de 1.841 plantas/ha na primeira safra, media de 10,9 t ha-1 na segunda safra e 5,46 t ha-1 na terceira safra. A produtividade total foi menor para o sistema menos adensado (830 plantas/ha), com 25,6 t ha-1 e media de 27,96 t ha-1 para os demais tratamentos. O peso medio de fruto nao foi alterado com o adensamento, com excecao da segunda safra, que produziu frutos maiores no plantio adensado. O adensamento nao alterou a qualidade do fruto. A media das tres safras para as caracteristicas de qualidade foi: peso medio de fruto (126 g), rendimento de suco (34,9%), solidos soluveis totais (14,6%) e acidez total titulavel (4,9%). A maxima eficiencia economica foi alcancada na densidade de 1.110 plantas/ha.

Qualidade e vida útil pós-colheita de melancia Crimson Sweet, comercializada em Mossoró

The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality and shelf life of Crimson Sweet watermelon marketed in Mossoro-RN. The quality of the fruits was evaluated by locality and fruit size. The large and middle sized watermelons presented better external appearance and higher soluble solids content than those of small size, while those marketed directly upon off loading, presented better appearance and higher firmness. The evaluation of the postharvest shelf life was done with fruits of a commercial plantation in Mossoro-RN. The weight loss was of 3.79%, the pH of the fruits increased from 4.89 to 5.20, the total titrable acidity decreased during storage. The soluble solids content and total soluble sugars did not present correlation with the storage, and the first varied from 7.63 to 9.55%. The reducing sugars presented a slight decrease at the end of the storage. The postharvest shelf life of the fruits was evaluated at 12 days.

Cultivo orgânico de coentro em plantio direto utilizando cobertura viva e morta adubado com composto

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic behavior of the cilantro in organic no-tillage system under alive and dead mulching and fertilized with doses of compost. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a split-plot arrangement with four replications. The plot corresponded to the planting system (no-tillage with live mulching of Arachis pintoi, with live mulching of native weed, with mulching of straw and conventional tillage). In each plot the split- plot were represented by the doses of organic compost 10; 20 e 30 t ha -1 of dry compost. The no-tillage system with straw and conventional tillage showed the best results in all variables in the plant compared with no-tillage systems with live mulching of peanut crop and native weed. Cilantro answered linearly to fertilization, with yields of 4,554 t ha -1 to 6,542 t ha -1 wh en fertilized with 10 to 30 t ha -1 , respectively.

Uso de coprólitos de minhoca na produção de mudas de mamoeiro

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of substrates prepared with different proportion of soil and earthworm casting in the seedlings production of papaya. Two experiments were carried out in nursery of seedlings production of Federal University of the Acre - UFAC, both complying with completely randomized design with eleven treatments and ten replications. The treatments represent the mixture of different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 e 100%) of earthworm (Chibui bari) casting and soil, being dystrophic (V = 29%) in the experiment 1 and eutrophic (V = 80%) in the experiment 2. After 60 days of the planting the seeds was evaluated height of the plant and dry weight matter masses of shoot, root and total. It was verified that the addition of increasing doses of earthworm casting in the composition of the substrate resulted in increase of the growth of the plants in experiment 1 and reduction in experiment 2. The results of the experiments indicate that the use of earthworm casting in substrate prepared with soil only contributes for the increase of the growth seedlings of formosa papaya if the chemical condition of this organic material more will be appropriate than of the soil in taking care of the nutrition necessities of the plants. The results of the experiment with dystrophic soil indicate the possibility of use of the earthworm casting in the traditional production of papaya, especially in situations where the soil presents restrictions how much to the chemical condition.

Produção de mudas de alface com o uso de substrato preparado com coprólitos de minhoca

With the aim of evaluating the effect of earthworm casting (Chibui bari Righi & Guerra, 1985) in the production of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.) cv. Simpson, two experiments ware carried out in greenhouse in the Federal University of the Acre, both in a completely randomized outline with six treatments and six repetitions, totalizing 36 experimental units, represented by 180 cm3 plastic cups. The treatments were defined from the mixture of six concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) of soil and earthworm casting. Two soil types were used, eutrophic in the experiment 1, and dystrophic in experiment 2. At 34 days after the sowing the dry mass of shoot, root and total plant were evaluated. The results of experiment 1 indicate that the addition the earthworm casting in eutrophic soil promotes increase of dry mass of the aerial and total fast of the plant concentrations of earthworm casting 17.88% and 13.49%, respectively. However, the results of experiment 2 indicate that the addition of the earthworm casting to the dystrophic soil, responds to a cubic function, with maximum dry mass total and of root increase with concentrations of earthworm casting of 17.49% and 21.40%, respectively, with decrease in 68.23% and 67.48%, and increase maximum again with 100% of earthworm casting for both characteristics. The use of substrate prepared with soil and earthworm casting only contributes to the growth of lettuce seedlings if the chemical condition of the casting is more appropriate than the one of the soil in assisting the nutritious needs of the plants.

Organic production of tomatoes in the amazon region by plants grafted on wild Solanum rootstocks

The production of organically grown tomatoes in the Amazonian region of Brazil is difficult due to inherent phytosanitary issues. The objectives of the present investigation were to evaluate the productivity of grafted tomato plants (Solanumlycopersicum cv. Santa Adelia) grown organically in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil, and to assess scion/rootstock compatibility under organic growth conditions. The Solanum species employed as rootstocks were S. gilo (jilo), S. lycocarpum (jurubebao), S. stramonifolium (jurubeba vermelha) and S. viarum (joa), while the susceptible S.lycopersicum cultivar Santa Adelia was the scion. Ungrafted tomato plants and tomato grafted on tomato rootstock were employed as controls. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with six treatments and five repetitions of five plants each. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and the significance of differences between treatments were determined using the Tukey test (P<0.05). All ungrafted tomato plants and those comprising tomato grafted on S.lycopersicum rootstock became infected by brown rot and perished. The total numbers of fruits, numbers of marketable fruits, mean masses of fruits, total productivities and productivities of marketable fruits associated with tomato grafted on S. gilo, S. lycocarpum and S. stramonifolium rootstocks were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the equivalent values obtained with tomato grafted on S. viarum rootstock. S. gilo exhibited the best compatibility index (1.11) of all rootstock/scion combinations studied. It is concluded that tomato grafted on S. gilo, S. lycocarpum and S. stramonifolium rootstocks represent viable alternatives for the production of organic tomatoes in the Amazon region.

Alternative covering in the shelf life conservation of yellow passion fruit produced in organic system

The present work had the objective to evaluate different substances: carnaubas wax, latex rubber tree, solution of calcium chloride and cassava starch in the shelf life of the yellow passion fruit stored under temperature atmosphere. Fruits selected, washed and sanitized with chlorinated water in 150 mg L-1, were submitted by the following treatment: 1 - control, washed and sanitized; 2 - immerse in carnauba´s wax (Fruit Wax); 3 - immerse in rubber tree latex, diluted in proportion of 1:3 (v/v); 4 - solution of calcium chloride in 1%; 5 - cassava starch in 2%. The experimental design was completely randomized in split-plot arrangement. The plot corresponded to the storage period (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days) and the split-plot by the treatments, with 3 repetitions of 4 fruits each. The fresh weight of the fruit, fresh weight of the pulp, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), ratio SS/TA and ascorbic acid of the yellow passion fruit was not affected by the coating with Fruit Wax, rubber tree latex, calcium chloride and cassava starch. The rubber tree latex, similar to the product commercialized as carnaubas wax was the most efficient coating, reducing the mass loss and the shriveling index and increasing in 4 and 3 days, respectively the shelf life of the fruits.