Sergiy Dolomatov

The regulation of osmotic and ionic balance in fish reproduction and in the early stages of ontogeny

On the basis of the modern literature data we analyzed the influence of the level of salt concentration and ion composition in a fish habitat during the processes of reproduction. The results of studies of the mechanisms of the reaction of fish to gamete hypo- and hyperosmotic stimulus in the external aqueous environment, as well as the role of mineral and organic osmolytes in the adaptation of mature eggs of fishes in the external environment, depend on the hydrochemical and hydrological conditions of the spawning grounds. The paper provides information about the features of the endocrine regulation of oocyte maturation in fish spawning in different hydrological conditions and the importance of humoral factors in the pathological process of the maturation of fish oocytes. The main scientific and practical aspects of the formation of the phys mechanisms that regulate the water-salt balance is the early ontogeny of fishes are discussed.

Role of temperature in regulation of the life cycle of temperate fish

The review provides information on adaptive responses of fish metabolic processes in response to temperature reduction of habitat, including the direction of adjustment of energy metabolism and mechanisms to improve the adaptive capacity and reparative capacity of tissues in response to lower temperatures. It presents data on the effect of temperature on the reproductive function of fish and fish development processes in the early stages of ontogeny.

Experimental Investigation of Acute and Delayed Renal Effect of Exogenous Thyroxine

Introduction: Normally, thyroid hormones are important regulators of metabolic processes in mammals. Aim: To study the renal function of rats in a single dose of thyroxine, as well as analysis of remote renal effects of experimental hyperthyroidism. Materials and methods: The study used inbred male rats massing 200-250 g, the experimental hyperthyroidism caused a 10-day daily intragastric sodium salt of thyroxine, suspended in 1% of starch gel. Thyroxine produced by Berlin Chemie (Germany) was administered to 20 micrograms per 100 g of body mass. The function of the kidneys of rats were studied under conditions of induced diuresis induced by water stress, 24 h after the single purpose of thyroxine, 24 h after the completion of the 10-day administration of the hormone, as well as 14 days after completion of the 10-day administration of the hormone. A control group of animals using appropriate age and body mass euthyroid male rats treated with the gel containing no hormone. Results: Studies have shown that under conditions of water stress within 24 h after a single injection of thyroxine (Table 1) there is no significant variation in urine output, expressed in absolute values per 100 g of body mass of the animal, as well as the ratio of urine to the volume fluids (relative diuresis). Conclusions: It is shown that the duration of the appointment in rats’ thyroxine promotes the further strengthening potassuresis. The magnitude of the glomerular filtration rate is reduced, and the rates of sodium excreted by the kidneys are quite moderate. 1) Found that 14 days after cessation of thyroxine to rats is not observed significant variations in the values of glomerular filtration rate and potassium excretion by the kidneys, however, the rate of sodium excreted by the kidneys clearly exceed the benchmarks. 2) Found that a single injection of thyroxine to rats has no effect on the magnitude of diuresis, but induces a distinct increase in sodium excretion by the kidneys, stimulates potassuresis and lowers the glomerular filtration rate.

The use of hormones indicators in human saliva in diagnosing parodontitis in pregnant women.

AIMS: The purpose of this work– was to study the dynamics of biochemical parameters of human saliva and analyze the features of the chemical composition of the saliva of women with abnormal pregnancy and in periodontitis against pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included four groups of women: a control group of nonpregnant women of childbearing age (10), pregnant women with physiological pregnancy (24-28 weeks) without any signs of periodontal disease (10), pregnant with a generalized periodontitis I--II degrees in remission (10), women with pathological pregnancy with no signs of periodontal inflammation (10). In each of the groups over two samples of saliva were collected, the first collection of saliva in the morning on an empty stomach. Then mouthwash 0.9% sodium chloride solution was assigned and after 30 minutes the second portion of saliva. By enzyme immunoassay in samples of saliva of control groups of nonpregnant and pregnant women, as well as women with signs of a pathological course of pregnancy, the content of estriol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was determined. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical data analysis was performed by the standard technique using Students t-test. RESULTS: The results of biochemical analysis of saliva samples collected before rinsing the mouth with saline in groups of healthy nonpregnant and pregnant women were compared. It was established that during pregnancy the concentration of salivary estriol increases, but in pregnant women with periodontitis, the amount of this hormone in the saliva was significantly reduced. The highest content of testosterone in saliva samples, observed in healthy pregnant women, was significantly higher than nonpregnant women. In pregnant women with periodontitis concentration of testosterone in saliva is reduced, while remaining significantly higher than its level in the saliva of nonpregnant women. The highest concentration of testosterone is observed in the saliva of healthy pregnant women with periodontitis, but the smallest concentration of testosterone is found in the saliva of nonpregnant women. Also the nonpregnant group has the lowest levels of DHEA in pregnancy, and its content increases almost threefold when periodontal disease further grows CONCLUSIONS: It was established that periodontitis against pregnancy is characterized by higher levels of salivary DHEA sulfate and lower estriol, compared with a control group of pregnant women.

Prospects for the replenishment of a feed protein deficit in aquaculture

The study of the properties of the PepT1 proton-dependent oligopeptide transport system in the fish intestine is a promising direction to solve the problem of the replacement of dietary proteins in aquaculture. At the same time, some publications provide direct evidence for the close relationship of the processes of oligopeptide absorption in the fish gut with the parameters of plastic metabolism in various organs and tissues, especially in the early stages of ontogeny. The published data suggest that the food value of synthetic oligopeptides for fish may be increased by including amino acids that are growth limiting for a given tissue in the early stages of ontogeny of a fish species. Finding the parameters of the affinity of individual substrates (oligopeptides) to the PepT1 transport system in fish will contribute to solving this problem in aquaculture.

Physiological Bases in Definition of Leukocyturia and Erythrocyturia

Background: In amount of leukocyturia and erythrocyturia has been used to diagnose renal diseases for a long time. In addition the mentioned features are the ones among principal criteria to identify urinary syndrome. The aim of the research work was to define such the proper physiological regimen of kidneys functioning working that permits to meet stability of the conditions in kidneys and the blood cells preservation in urine for further improvement of the urinary syndrome diagnostic methodology. Methods and materials: There were examined 24 healthy volunteers at the age of 19–25 without clinical and laboratory signs of kidneys pathology. Research work was carried out in the monitoring from 9–11 on an empty stomach. The general investigation scheme included the emptying of the urinary bladder after that hydrosaline loading was carried out per os in volume of 0.5 % from the body mass. In an hour examinee the person under the test emptied his bladder and the volume of diuresis was measured precisely up to 1 ml. They used photometric method to find out creatinine concentration by Popper’s methodology, also photometric method was used to find out protein concentration according to the reaction with sulfosalicylate acid on the spectrophotometer SF – 46 (Russia) and urine osmolality applying crioscopic method on osmometer, model 3D3 made by “Advanced Instrument Inc.� (USA). We have also carried out the four-serial investigation: with running water loading (1st group) and with natrium chloride solutions loading, 0.1 % (2nd group), with 0.25 % (3rd group) and with 0.5 % (4th group). The achieved results were up statistically applying the Student criteria. Results: The achieved data prove that the running water loading and the 0.1 %, 0.25 %, and 0.5 % natrium chloride solutions loading considerably rise diuretic level and diuresis amount per 1 min exceeds diurnal diuresis level 2 – 3 times with recount for 1 minute. On the whole it is excreted from 25 % up to 90 % of the drunk liquid volume. Withal, diuresis amounts don’t differ greatly from each other with all types of loading. That is, the proposed by us volume of hydrosaline loading provides equal diuresis exceeding. Mechanism of diuresis increase differs greatly: with water loading kidneys are functioning in regimen of urine dissolving what is proved by decreasing of urine osmolality to the level which is typical of blood plasma and below. Urine osmolality of some tested volunteers was fluctuating between 120 – 200 mosmol/kg. There is no doubt that such a dynamic causes depression of kidneys’ concentration ability due to supplying an organism with considerable amount of running water, osmolality of which is not more than 5 mosmol/kg. Conclusions: 1. Hydrosaline loading in 0.5 % volume of body mass with water and 0.1 %, 0.25 % and 0.5 % solutions of natrium chloride maintains diuresis speed keeping on the level of 2 – 3 ml per 1 min, but differs in urine osmolality amount. 2. After hydrosaline loading with 0.5 % solution of natrium chloride urine osmolality forms physiologically more optimum conditions and could be recommended for leukocyturia and erythrocyturia determination.