Sevda Söker

Efficacy of topical cyclosporin A 0.05% in conjunctival impression cytology specimens and clinical findings of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children.

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of topical cyclosporin A 0.05% in managing the symptoms of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).MethodsFifty-four children with severe VKC were included in this study. All 54 patients were treated with topical cyclosporin A (CsA) 0.05% for 3 months. Ocular signs and symptoms were scored in all patients at entry and after 3 months. Conjunctival impression cytology specimens were examined on the day of enrollment and at the end of the treatment period.ResultsThe mean scores for severity of signs and symptoms significantly decreased after 3 months compared with those at entry (P < 0.001). The density of inflammatory cells in the conjunctival impression cytology specimens decreased significantly. No side effects of the treatment with CsA 0.05% eyedrops were observed.ConclusionsTopical CsA 0.05% eyedrops were found to be safe and effective in the treatment of patients with VKC. Consistent with these results, topical CsA may efficiently reduce conjunctival inflammation in severe VKC.

Intracellular Ca2+ levels in rat ventricle cells exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic field

Objective: Electromagnetic fields can affect intracellular Ca2+ levels. The aim of this study was to determine the changes intracellular Ca2+ concentration in cardiac ventricle cells of rats exposed to 0.25 mT (2.5 Gauss) magnetic field. Methods: Forty-five male rats were introduced to this study. The rats were divided into three groups: control, sham, and experiment. The experimental group was exposed to 0.25 mT extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field for 14 days, 3 h/day. The sham group was treated like the experimental group, except for elf-magnetic field exposure. The control group was not subjected to anything and differed from the experimental group and sham group. In the end of experiment, rats were sacrificed, cardiac tissue was removed, and these were fixed in 10% neutral formalin. Then, ventricular cells were stained by Alizarin red staining method. Results: In the light microscopic examinations of control groups, in myofibril structures between groups, changes were not observed. In myofibril regions of the experimental group compared to other groups, increased heterogen Ca2+ accumulations were found. Conclusion: ELF magnetic fields are used in daily life. The results of this study show that intracellular Ca2+ accumulation in cardiac ventricles can increase in rats exposed to ELF magnetic field.

Preventive Effects of Dexmedetomidine on the Liver in a Rat Model of Acid-Induced Acute Lung Injury

The aim of this study was to examine whether dexmedetomidine improves acute liver injury in a rat model. Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats weighing 300–350 g were allocated randomly to four groups. In group 1, normal saline (NS) was injected into the lungs and rats were allowed to breathe spontaneously. In group 2, rats received standard ventilation (SV) in addition to NS. In group 3, hydrochloric acid was injected into the lungs and rats received SV. In group 4, rats received SV and 100 µg/kg intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine before intratracheal HCl instillation. Blood samples and liver tissue specimens were examined by biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. Acute lung injury (ALI) was found to be associated with increased malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant activity (TOA), oxidative stress index (OSI), and decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Significantly decreased MDA, TOA, and OSI levels and significantly increased TAC levels were found with dexmedetomidine injection in group 4 (P < 0.05). The highest histologic injury scores were detected in group 3. Enhanced hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and reduced CD68 expression were found in dexmedetomidine group compared with the group 3. In conclusion, the presented data provide the first evidence that dexmedetomidine has a protective effect on experimental liver injury induced by ALI.

Ultrastructural Changes in the Kidney Cortex of Rats Treated with Lead Acetate

El proposito de este estudio fue investigar los efectos ultraestructurales del plomo en la corteza renal. Ratas Wistar albinas (180-200g de peso corporal) fueron divididas en grupo control y grupo experimental. Las ratas recibieron 500 ppm de acetato de plomo en el agua potable durante 60 dias. Ambos grupos fueron alimentados con el mismo alimento estandar, pero acetato de plomo se le anadio al agua potable al grupo experimental. Durante el periodo experimental, se tomaron bajo anestesia muestras sanguineas desde la parte abdominal de la aorta. Al final de la exposicion, fueron medidos el peso corporal y los niveles de plomo en la sangre. Fueron preparadas las muestras de tejido renal y se analizaron mediante microscopia de luz y electronica de transmision. Los tubulos renales corticales mostraron varios cambios degenerativos con necrosis tubular focal invadida por celulas inflamatorias. Las alteraciones ultraestructurales encontradas en las ratas tratadas con acetato de plomo correspondieron a una disminucion en la cantidad de ranuras de filtracion, aumento de la fusion de los procesos podales en las celulas epiteliales de los glomerulos, aumento de la estructura lisosomal y las vesiculas pinociticas, asi como grandes mitocondrias en las celulas del tubulo proximal.

The Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on the Ultrastructure of Heart

El uso y la comodidad de los aparatos electricos en nuestra vida cotidiana cada vez mas son causa de efectos perjudiciales debido a los campos electromagneticos(CEM).El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto de los CEM sobre la ultraestructura del corazon en ratas. Fueron utilizadas 45ratas Sprague Daw ley, con peso entre 260 y 280gramos. Las ratas fueron divididas en 3 grupos: control (n: 15); Sham (n:15), y grupo expuesto a CEM (n:15) durante 14 dias,3 horas por dia. Se aplico niveles de 2,5gaussal grupo expuesto a CEM, mientras que el grupo de tratamiento simulado en el mismo entorno en jaulas plexiglas se mantuvo durante14 dias3 horas dia, sin exposicion a campo electromagnetico. Grupo control alimentado en jaulas normales durante 14 dias con ciclo luz/oscuridad de 14/10.Al termino de dos semanas las ratas fueron sacrificadas por medio de anestesia Ketalar 50mg/kg y el tejido del corazon fijado engluteraldehido al 2,5. Se realizo seguimiento de rutina con correspondiente evaluacion de microscopia electronica. Las estructuras mitocondriales y celular es observadas en todos los grupos eran normales. No se observo perdida miofibrilar, tampoco aumento del volumen mitocondrial ni dilatacion del reticulo endoplasmico lisoocristalysis. No se observo degeneracion de los discosintercaladoso apoptosis de nucleo. Por lo tanto,y como resultado de nuestro estudio no encontramos diferencias entre los grupos control y CEM.

Unilateral vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a case report.

Purpose A rare case of unilateral vernal keratoconjunctivitis is presented. Methods A 5-year-old boy had itching, foreign body sensation, redness, and ptosis in his left eye. Impression cytology specimens were taken from both upper eyelid tarsal conjunctiva. Results On slit-lamp biomicroscopy, unilateral cobblestone papillae and a shield ulcer were found in the left eye. On impression cytology examination, there was a significant increase in inflammation, presence of a honeycomb pattern, plasma cells, and mucus strands in the upper tarsal conjunctiva of the specimens. Conclusions Giant papillary conjunctivitis must be considered in differential diagnosis of unilateral vernal conjunctivitis. Impression cytology method may be combined with the clinical findings in vernal keratoconjunctivitis diagnosis.

The effects of intracameral ropivacaine on the corneal endothelium.

Topical and intracameral anesthesia have been popularized as new techniques for use in cataract surgery, and these anesthetic routes have potential safety advantages over traditional techniques such as retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia. Intracameral techniques have included the use of preservative-free (PF) lidocaine hydrochloride 1% or PF bupivacaine hydrochloride 0.5%. Ropivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic agent that has a greater margin of safety regarding cardiac and central nervous system toxicity than bupivacaine. Although ropivacaine has started to be used in topical anesthesia, it has not yet been used in intracameral anesthesia. Martini et al. reported that topical ropivacaine 1% performed at least as well as lidocaine 4% in cataract surgery. Moreover, it resulted in better subjective pain scores. Ropivacaine takes longer to become completely effective; however, it provides a longer postoperative analgesic effect.Although the higher incidence of corneal edema with ropivacaine may be a concern, the edema resolves rapidly and the medium-term endothelial data indicate that ropivacaine is safe for the endothelium. Therefore, ropivacaine seems to be a good alternative to lidocaine for topical use in cataract surgery. There is concern about the efficacy and safety of this procedure, particularly toxicity to the corneal endothelium. Animal studies are helpful in indicating potential toxicity, but application and relevance to human in vivo conditions is limited. No studies in the literature have investigated the effects of ropivacaine on ocular tissues. We carried out experimental studies on the effects of intracameral irrigation of ropivacaine on the corneal endothelial ultrastructure using transmission electron microscropy (TEM).

The Prophylactic Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin E against Valproic Acid During Fetal Thymus Development: an Ultrastructural Study

Se realizo este estudio para evaluar las diferencias histopatologicas en el timo de fetos de ratas Wistar Albinas expuestas prenatalmente a acido valproico (VPA), acido folico (AF) y vitamina E (Vit-E). VPA (400 mg/kg), FA (400 mcg/kg) y vitamina E (250mg/kg) administradas a ratas en los dias 8, 9 y 10 de gestacion. Los fetos (n=24) fueron divididos en cuatro grupos: control, APV, APV + vitamina E y VPA + FA. En el dia 20 de gestacion, todas las ratas prenadas fueron sacrificadas y los fetos fueron extraidos. Se obtuvieron secciones delgadas del timo de los fetos y se tineron con citrato de uranilo - acetato de plomo, siendo examinados al microscopio electronico de transmision. Los hallazgos histopatologicos del grupo control fueron normales. En el grupo VPA, se observaron cambios degenerativos en todos los compartimentos de tejido en comparacion con los controles. En el grupo VPA+FA, las vacuolas, cristalisis mitocondrial e inflamacion se redujeron en el citoplasma. En grupo VPA + Vitamina E, se observo el almacenamiento de lipidos y vacuolizacion. La cristalisis mitocondrial disminuyo. El estudio permitio analizar los cambios histopatologicos que pueden ocurrir en un modelo experimental de alto riesgo despues de la administracion de VPA, ademas, las funciones de proteccion por la administracion de AF y vitamina E.

Effects of Sildenafil on Dental Pulp: Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Evaluation

El sildenafil es un vasodilatador periferico importante y se utiliza para tratar enfermedades cardiovasculares y en neurocirugia. El proposito de este estudio fue investigar los efectos inmunohistoquimicos y ultraestructurales del sildenafil sobre la pulpa dental de ratas. El estudio se realizo con ratas Wistar albinas, hembras adultas. El grupo de control (n= 7) fue alimentado con una dieta estandar de laboratorio hasta que se realizo la cirugia. El grupo de estudio (n= 7) fue tratado con sildenafil por via oral y sonda orogastrica 10 mg·kg-1 una vez al dia durante 30 dias. Cada rata fue anestesiada y se extrajeron los dientes incisivos. Se examinaron los efectos inmunohistoquimicos y ultraestructurales del sildenafil sobre la pulpa dentaria. Con la administracion de sildenafil se observo la relajacion de los vasos, la hiperplasia de las celulas endoteliales y una degeneracion moderada de fibras colagenas causando cambios degenerativos en los odontoblastos. En el tejido pulpar, el uso de sildenafil a largo plazo puede causar la degeneracion y neoformacion de vasos.

Effects of Polymeric Zinc Propylen-Bis-Dithiocarbamate (Propineb) on Nasal Mucosa in Rats

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efecto histopatologicos e inmunohistoquimicos del Propineb en la mucosa nasal de 20 ratas Sprague-Dawley adultas con un peso de 180-220 g, las que fueron utilizadas como animales de experimentacion. Las ratas se dividieron en grupos Propineb y Control. El grupo control recibio agua destilada en aerosol nasal en el mismo periodo de tiempo que el grupo Propineb. El experimento duro tres semanas. Posteriormente, en cada caso se tomaron muestras de la mucosa nasal. En el grupo experimental, tratado con Propineb, el examen microscopico de la mucosa respiratoria nasal revelo cambios degenerativos en el epitelio. Se detecto tambien infiltracion de leucocitos y dilatacion vascular en el tejido conectivo, junto con celulas mononucleares CD34 inmunorreactiva y celulas endoteliales en la lamina propia. En el grupo Propineb, en comparacion con el grupo control, los nucleos de la porcion respiratoria, las celulas caliciformes y basales resultaron positivas a la tincion del antigeno nuclear de proliferacion celular (PCNA). La inhalacion de Propineb puede ser un irritante para la mucosa nasal.