Selcuk Tunik

Efficacy of topical cyclosporin A 0.05% in conjunctival impression cytology specimens and clinical findings of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children.

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of topical cyclosporin A 0.05% in managing the symptoms of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).MethodsFifty-four children with severe VKC were included in this study. All 54 patients were treated with topical cyclosporin A (CsA) 0.05% for 3 months. Ocular signs and symptoms were scored in all patients at entry and after 3 months. Conjunctival impression cytology specimens were examined on the day of enrollment and at the end of the treatment period.ResultsThe mean scores for severity of signs and symptoms significantly decreased after 3 months compared with those at entry (P < 0.001). The density of inflammatory cells in the conjunctival impression cytology specimens decreased significantly. No side effects of the treatment with CsA 0.05% eyedrops were observed.ConclusionsTopical CsA 0.05% eyedrops were found to be safe and effective in the treatment of patients with VKC. Consistent with these results, topical CsA may efficiently reduce conjunctival inflammation in severe VKC.

Ultrastructural Changes in the Kidney Cortex of Rats Treated with Lead Acetate

El proposito de este estudio fue investigar los efectos ultraestructurales del plomo en la corteza renal. Ratas Wistar albinas (180-200g de peso corporal) fueron divididas en grupo control y grupo experimental. Las ratas recibieron 500 ppm de acetato de plomo en el agua potable durante 60 dias. Ambos grupos fueron alimentados con el mismo alimento estandar, pero acetato de plomo se le anadio al agua potable al grupo experimental. Durante el periodo experimental, se tomaron bajo anestesia muestras sanguineas desde la parte abdominal de la aorta. Al final de la exposicion, fueron medidos el peso corporal y los niveles de plomo en la sangre. Fueron preparadas las muestras de tejido renal y se analizaron mediante microscopia de luz y electronica de transmision. Los tubulos renales corticales mostraron varios cambios degenerativos con necrosis tubular focal invadida por celulas inflamatorias. Las alteraciones ultraestructurales encontradas en las ratas tratadas con acetato de plomo correspondieron a una disminucion en la cantidad de ranuras de filtracion, aumento de la fusion de los procesos podales en las celulas epiteliales de los glomerulos, aumento de la estructura lisosomal y las vesiculas pinociticas, asi como grandes mitocondrias en las celulas del tubulo proximal.

The effects of intravenous immunoglobulin on cerebral ischemia in rats: An experimental study.

Stroke is one of the major reasons of death in the United States and related to adult disability. Despite aggressive research, the treatment approaches of stroke still remains a major clinical problem. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a polyspecific Ig G preparation obtained from plasma of several thousand healthy people (donors). IVIg is an important treatment approach and used for several disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentially beneficial effects of IVIg therapy in experimentally induced ischemia in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) models of rats. A total of 30 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into two equal groups, each consisting of 15 randomly selected rats: control group (n = 15) and IVIg group (n = 15). Intraluminal filament method was used for establishment of cerebral ischemia. Intraluminal filament was withdrawn after 2 h of MCAo and reperfusion started again and passed to therapeutic stages for all the groups. Physiologic saline solution of 0.5 ml/kg was administered to the control group and 400 mg/kg IVIg was given to the IVIg group rats intravenously. In neurological evaluation, the worst score was determined as 3 and the best score as 0. After routine process, the brain tissue was prepared histopathological investigation. The IVIg group showed significantly better recovery with respect to the control group by neurological examination. The observation of specimens obtained from IVIg groups showed that findings correlate with grade 1 and -2 histopathologically. Nevertheless, ischemic amendments were observed to comply with grade 3 in ischemic areas in control group. IVIg therapy can be used in the treatment of ischemic stroke patients.

Protective effects of ethyl pyruvate in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity

This study was performed to investigate the effect of ethyl pyruvate on changes in renal functions and oxidative stress related renal injury caused by cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammine platinum-II; CDDP). Male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): (1) control group (1 ml Ringers lactate solution i.p.); (2) ethyl pyruvate (EP) group (50 mg/kg Ringers EP solution (REPS) i.p.); (3) cisplatin group (a single dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.); and (4) cisplatin + EP group (a single dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) + REPS 50 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for five days. At the sixth day, kidneys of rats were mounted to a Langendorff apparatus. Renal perfusion pressures were recorded. Blood samples were taken for serum urea, creatinine, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stres index (OSI) evaluations. Kidney tissues were obtained for malondialdehyde (MDA) analyses and histopathological examination. Perfusion pressures, serum urea, creatinine, TOS, OSI and tissue MDA levels were found significantly higher, whereas TAS was notably lower in cisplatin group. Histopathological examination showed apparent renal paranchymal injury in cisplatin group. In cisplatin + REPS group, perfusion pressures, serum urea, creatinine and tissue MDA levels were decreased. Moreover, EP co-administration provided less inflammatory cell infiltration, tubular dilatation, whereas TOS, TAS and OSI improved significantly versus cisplatin group. These findings show that EP has protective effects against cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

Effects of local vibration and pulsed electromagnetic field on bone fracture: A comparative study

The effectiveness of various therapeutic methods on bone fracture has been demonstrated in several studies. In the present study, we tried to evaluate the effect of local low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) on rat tibia fracture in comparison with pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) during the healing process. Mid-diaphysis tibiae fractures were induced in 30 Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were assigned into groups such as control (CONT), LMHFV (15 min/day, 7 days/week), and PEMF (3.5 h/day, 7 days/week) for a three-week treatment. Nothing was applied to control group. Radiographs, serum osteocalcin levels, and stereological bone analyses of the three groups were compared. The X-rays of tibiae were taken 21 days after the end of the healing process. PEMF and LMHFV groups had more callus formation when compared to CONT group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.375). Serum osteocalcin levels were elevated in the experimental groups compared to CONT (P ≤ 0.001). Stereological tests also showed higher osteogenic results in experimental groups, especially in LMHFV group. The results of the present study suggest that application of direct local LMHFV on fracture has promoted bone formation, showing great potential in improving fracture outcome. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:339-348, 2017.

The Prophylactic Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin E against Valproic Acid During Fetal Thymus Development: an Ultrastructural Study

Se realizo este estudio para evaluar las diferencias histopatologicas en el timo de fetos de ratas Wistar Albinas expuestas prenatalmente a acido valproico (VPA), acido folico (AF) y vitamina E (Vit-E). VPA (400 mg/kg), FA (400 mcg/kg) y vitamina E (250mg/kg) administradas a ratas en los dias 8, 9 y 10 de gestacion. Los fetos (n=24) fueron divididos en cuatro grupos: control, APV, APV + vitamina E y VPA + FA. En el dia 20 de gestacion, todas las ratas prenadas fueron sacrificadas y los fetos fueron extraidos. Se obtuvieron secciones delgadas del timo de los fetos y se tineron con citrato de uranilo - acetato de plomo, siendo examinados al microscopio electronico de transmision. Los hallazgos histopatologicos del grupo control fueron normales. En el grupo VPA, se observaron cambios degenerativos en todos los compartimentos de tejido en comparacion con los controles. En el grupo VPA+FA, las vacuolas, cristalisis mitocondrial e inflamacion se redujeron en el citoplasma. En grupo VPA + Vitamina E, se observo el almacenamiento de lipidos y vacuolizacion. La cristalisis mitocondrial disminuyo. El estudio permitio analizar los cambios histopatologicos que pueden ocurrir en un modelo experimental de alto riesgo despues de la administracion de VPA, ademas, las funciones de proteccion por la administracion de AF y vitamina E.

The comparison of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors in normotensive and preeclamptic placentas: an immunohistochemical study

Objective: Recently, it has been reported that endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors play a key role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Thrombospondin-1, angiostatin and vasostatin are endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors and so far have not been shown in placenta at the immunohistochemical level. The aim of this study was to compare staining patterns of these endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors immunohistochemically in placentas of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. Methods: Into the study, placentas from 20 preeclamptic and 20 normotensive pregnant women were included. Central and peripheral tissues were taken from both sides of placentas. Paraffin tissue blocks were prepared and stained for immunohistochemical analysis. Slides were evaluated for syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, extra-villous throphoblasts and decidual cells. The degree of staining of slides were classified as negative, weak, moderate and strong. Results: Samples from preeclamptic patients were compared with those of normotensive. Staining of thrombospondin-1 was observed to increase in decidual cells, syncytiotrophoblasts in chorionic and stem villi and stroma of stem villi. Increased staining of thrombospondin-1 was only significant in the amniotic epithelium of the central sections. In addition, increased staining intensity of angiostatin was detected in the amniotic epithelium and chorionic plate of central sections of placenta. In peripheral sections, staining of angiostatin also increased in decidual cells but decreased in chorionic plate. Vasostatin staining in decidual cells, decidual stroma and chorionic villous stroma from peripheral sections decreased, but any difference was not observed in the central sections. Conclusion: Our results suggest that thrombospondin-1, angiostatin and vasostatin may play a role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Further molecular studies are required to understand this role.

The Effects of Systemic Use of Nicotine on the Rat Nasal Mucosa: a Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos histopatologicos del uso sistemico de nicotina sobre la mucosa nasal de la rata. Se utilizaron como animales de experimentacion 12 ratas Sprague-Dawley adultas, entre 180-220 g, divididas en grupos de nicotina y control. Al grupo de nicotina (n = 6) se le administro sulfato de nicotina 2mg/kg durante 28 dias. Al grupo control (n = 6) se les administro solo 1,5 ml de solucion salina fisiologica por via subcutanea durante 28 dias. Todos los animales fueron sacrificados al final del estudio. Se tomaron muestras del tejido nasal y se examinaron histologicamente. Las secciones fueron tenidas con H-E, acido periodico de Schiff (PAS) y tricromico de Masson, observandose bajo microscopia de luz. Ademas, se evaluo la inmunoreactividad a E-cadherina de las celulas del epitelio pseudoestraficado de la mucosa nasal. Hubo diferencias significativas en la puntuacion histopatologica media entre los grupos tratados y no tratados con nicotina. En el grupo de nicotina, se observaron cambios degenerativos de las celulas epiteliales e hipertrofia de las celulas caliciformes. Se observo una infiltracion significativa de leucocitos en diferentes areas del tejido conectivo. La E-cadherina se redujo significativamente en las celulas epiteliales de la mucosa nasal del grupo nicotina.

Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Rat Nasal Mucosa

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathologic effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on the rat nasal mucosa. Twelve adult Sprague-Dawley rats, each weighing 180–220 g, were used as experimental animals. The rats were divided into HBO (hyperbaric oxygen) and control group. The rats in the HBO group (n = 6) were placed into a 20-liter HBO chamber (2.5 atmospheres absolute [ATA], 25–26°C with 100 % oxygen) for 90 min per day. The rats received hyperbaric oxygen over a period of 7 days. The rats in the control group (n = 6) were not given HBO. All animals were sacrificed at the end of the study, and nasal tissue samples were prepared. The sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H-E), Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Trichrome-Masson to observe the under a light microscope. Immunoreactivity of pseudostratified epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa was assessed with E-cadherin expression by immunohistochemical staining. There were significant differences in the average histopathological score between the groups exposed and non-exposed to HBO. In the HBO group, degenerative changes in epithelial cells were observed. The goblet cells showed expansion of their structure. Mononuclear lymphocyte infiltration, dilation of blood vessels, and hemorrhage were observed in considerable areas of connective tissue. In the immunohistochemical evaluation of E-cadherin expression, there were no significant differences between the two groups.

Effects of atorvastatin on smoking-induced alveolar injury in rat lungs

BACKGROUND Smoking is one of the most serious health care issues worldwide, as one third to one half of all people who smoke eventually use tobacco habitually. Chronic smoke exposure causes airway and lung parenchymal inflammation and the destruction of alveolar cell walls. Statins may have anti-inflammatory effects that would play a role in preventing the cellular damage associated with smoking. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether atorvastatin protects against smoking-induced inflammation in alveolar epithelial type I (ATI) and type II (ATII) cells in the lungs of rats. METHODS Adult male albino Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups and exposed to cigarette smoke 8 hours per day for 15 days. During that 15-day period, the 2 treatment groups received atorvastatin 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg/d in 2 mL of methyl cellulose solution and the control group received 2 mL of methyl cellulose solution alone, all via nasogastric catheter. After the 15 days, the lungs were excised and the tissues were examined by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Thirty rats were divided into 3 groups of 10 rats each. All rats survived the 15 days. In the atorvastatin 0.5-mg group, no changes were found in the ATI cells or in the blood-air barrier. In the atorvastatin 1.0-mg group, we observed hyperplasia in the common basal membranes. Hypertrophy, mitochondrial crystolysis (MC), and intracytoplasmic edema (ICE) were detected in the ATI cells in the 1.0-mg group, while chromatin condensation, atrophic appearance, cell shrinkage, and cyto-plasmic vacuolization were observed in the ATII cells. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) tubules of the ATII cells appeared spiral-shaped. In the control group, minimal ICE was detected in the ATI cells. However, microvillus deformation, pseu-dopod formation, edema, mitochondrial swelling, and MC were observed in the ATII cells. We also observed MC, several pinocytic vesicles, and normal rER tubules in the endothelial cells of the control group. CONCLUSIONS The administration of atorvastatin 0.5 mg/kg/d was associated with some attenuation of lung injury caused by smoke inhalation in these rat lungs. However, atorvastatin 1.0 mg/kg/d was associated with lung damage. Future studies are needed to evaluate the dose-response relationship of atorvastatin to smoking-induced alveolar damage.