Shao Jian-Xiong

Unfolding the fast neutron spectra of a BC501A liquid scintillation detector using GRAVEL method

Accurate knowledge of the neutron energy spectra is useful in basic research and applications. The overall procedure of measuring and unfolding the fast neutron energy spectra with BC501A liquid scintillation detector is described. The recoil proton spectrum of 241Am-Be neutrons was obtained experimentally. With the NRESP7 code, the response matrix of detector was simulated. Combining the recoil proton spectrum and response matrix, the unfolding of neutron spectra was performed by GRAVEL iterative algorithm. A MatLab program based on the GRAVEL method was developed. The continuous neutron spectrum of 241Am-Be source and monoenergetic neutron spectrum of D-T source have been unfolded successfully and are in good agreement with their standard reference spectra. The unfolded 241Am-Be spectrum are more accurate than the spectra unfolded by artificial neural networks in recent years.

Guided transmission of oxygen ions through Al2O3 nanocapillaries

The transmissions of oxygen ions through Al2O3 nanocapillaries each 50 nm in diameter and 10 μm in length at a series of different tilt angles are measured, where the ions with energies ranging from 10 to 60 keV and charge states from 1 up to 6 are involved. The angular distribution and the transmission yields of transported ions are investigated. Our results indicate both the existence of a guiding effect when ions pass through the capillary and a significant dependence of the ion transmission on the energy and the charge state of the ions. The guiding effects are observed to be enhanced at lower projectile energies and higher charge states. Meanwhile, the results also exhibit that the transmission yields increase as the tilt angle decreases at a given energy and charge state.

Studies of K-shell x-ray energy shifts induced by MeV/u heavy ions

This paper reports that the K x-ray spectra of the thin target (47)Ag, (48)Cd, (49)In and (50)Sn were measured by an HPGe semi-conductor detector in collisions with 84.5 MeV (6)C(4+) ions. Our experiment revealed the K alpha x-ray energy shifts were not obvious and the K beta(1) x-ray energy shifts were about 90 similar to 110 eV. The simple model of Burch et al has been previously used to calculate the K x-ray energy shifts due to an additional vacancy in 2p orbit. The present work extends the model of Burch to calculate the x-ray energy shifts of multiple ionized atoms induced by heavy ions with kinetic energy of MeV/u. In addition to our experimental results, many other experimental results are compared with the calculated values by using the model.

L-Shell X-Ray Yields and Production Cross Sections of Zr and Mo Bombarded by Slow Highly Charged Ar16+ Ions

The L-shell x-ray yields of Zr and Mo bombarded by slow Ar16+ions are measured. The energy of the Ar16+ions ranges from about 150 keV to 350 keV. The L-shell x-ray production cross sections of Zr and Mo are extracted from these yields data. The explanation of these experimental results is in the framework of the adiabatic direct-ionization and the binding energy modified BEA approximation. We consider, in the slow asymmetric collisions such as Ar and Mo/Zr, the transient united atoms (UA) are formed during the ion-surface interaction and the direct-ionization is the main mechanism for the inner-shell vacancy production. Generally, the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Guiding of 150 keV O6+ ions through nanocapillaries in an uncoated Al2O3 membrane: special time dependence of the transmission profile width

This paper reports that the transmission of O6+ ions with energy of 150keV through capillaries in an uncoated Al2O3 membrane was measured, and agreements with previously reported results in general angular distribution of the transmitted ions and the transmission fractions as a function of the tilt angle well fitted to Gaussian-like functions were observed. Due to using an uncoated capillary membrane, our c is larger than that using a gold-coated one with a smaller value of E-p/q, which suggests a larger equilibrium charge Q(infinity) in our experiment. The observed special width variation with time and a larger width than that using a smaller E-p/q were qualitatively explained by using mean-field classical transport theory based on a classical-trajectory Monte Carlo simulation.

X-Ray Emission from Zr, Mo, In and Pb Targets Bombarded by Slow Highly Charged Arq+(q = 13,14,15,16) Ions

We study the L x-ray emission from Zr, Mo and In targets and M x-ray emission from Pb target under bombardment of low energy Arq+ (q = 13,14,15,16) ions. The relative x-ray yields were measured in the projectile kinetic energy range 210-360 keV. It is found that the relative x-ray yields from Zr, Mo and Pb targets increase with the increasing projectile kinetic energy for Ar14+ and Ar16+ projectiles and depend on the potential energy of the projectile remarkably.

Study on 120° launching cone angleof gamma shutdown sensor in measuring distance

The key technology in “soft landing” for Chang’e 3 is to accurately control the height between shutdown sensor and the lunar surface. gamma shutdown sensor uses a launcher to launch photons to the lunar surface and judges the distance between craft and the moon through the number of received photons . The software of Geant4 is used to simulate the simplified system of the launcher-acceptor. The simulation results show the advantages of the launcher with a certain cone launching angle when the craft is landing to the moon. And we find that the relative position of launcher and acceptor is not decisive factor of selecting the launcher with cone launching angle. By the detailed analysis of the scattering probabilities of the photons from the launcher to the acceptor at different scattering angles, we can get the reason that why we chose the 120° cone launching angle in the mission. The simulation data indicate that the most important scattering areas of the gamma launcher are quite different from the laser method. This work provides a way to optimize the structure of the gamma shutdown sensor to accomplish the mission and reduce the radiation dose.

Multiple Ionization of Argon Induced by Carbon Ions at 20–500 keV/u Energies

We measure the multiple ionization cross-section ratios Rk1 of Ar impacted by Cq+ (q = 1−3) ions in the energy range of 20–500 keV/u. The measured ratios Rk1 increase with the projectile energy at lower energies, and reach the maximum at energies of 50–150 keV/u, then decrease for higher energies. We also use the classical over barrier ionization model to calculate the ratios Rk1, and the calculation results are in good agreement with the data, which suggest that the multiple ionization process is described by the sequential over-barrier ionization process.

Interaction of 18-keV O{sup -} ions with Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanocapillaries

The transmission of 18-keV O- ions through Al2O3 nanocapillaries with 50 nm in diameter and 12 mu m in length is studied in this work. By measuring angular distribution of transmitted particles when capillaries were tilted with respect to incident ion beam, two peaks were observed. It is distinguished that one of them is composed by direct transmitted ions and another one is composed by scattered ions. A phenomenon referred to as guiding effect, as found for highly charged ions and low-energy electrons, was observed. When negative ions (18-keV O-) are transmitted through nanocapillaries, most of them were ionized to neutral atoms and even positive ions. The intensity of transmitted particles (O-, O-0, and O+) decreased when the tilt angle increased. In transmitted particles, the fraction of O- declined but that of O-0 and O+ ions grew when the tilt angle grew. Both elastic collision and electrostatic scattering were found in scattered ions.The transmission of 18-keV O{sup -} ions through Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanocapillaries with 50 nm in diameter and 12 {mu}m in length is studied in this work. By measuring angular distribution of transmitted particles when capillaries were tilted with respect to incident ion beam, two peaks were observed. It is distinguished that one of them is composed by direct transmitted ions and another one is composed by scattered ions. A phenomenon referred to as guiding effect, as found for highly charged ions and low-energy electrons, was observed. When negative ions (18-keV O{sup -}) are transmitted through nanocapillaries, most of them were ionized to neutral atoms and even positive ions. The intensity of transmitted particles (O{sup -}, O{sup 0}, and O{sup +}) decreased when the tilt angle increased. In transmitted particles, the fraction of O{sup -} declined but that of O{sup 0} and O{sup +} ions grew when the tilt angle grew. Both elastic collision and electrostatic scattering were found in scattered ions.

Guiding of 60 keV O6+ Ions through Nanocapillaries in an Uncoated Al2O3 Membrane

We measure the transmission of O6+ ions with a higher energy of 60keV (in turn a higher value of Ep/q) through capillaries in an uncoated Al2O3 membrane, and obtain agreements with previously reported results in general angular distribution of the transmitted ions and the transmission profile width variation with capillary tilt angle. The transmission fractions as a function of the tilt angle can be fitted to the semi-empirical Gaussian-like function well. Due to using uncoated capillary membrane, our Ψc is larger than that using gold-coated one, in spite of our larger value of Ep/q, which suggests a larger equilibrium charge Q∞ in our experiment.