Sifeng Liu

Supply-chain coordination with combined contract for a short-life-cycle product

A contract is a mechanism to realize the performance improvement of a supply-chain system or to achieve the perfect coordination of a supply-chain channel. This paper deals with the coordination issue of a selling channel for a short-life-cycle product. First, a new type of contract combining the return policy with markdown money according to the practice under which some companies sell their products with different marketing policies in different selling periods is designed. This case is illustrated using a stochastic dynamic-programming model. Then, the necessary condition to achieve channel coordination with this combined contract is derived; and given the scheme to allocate the coordination profit, the generalized method to find the optimal contract parameters is developed. Lastly, with analysis and simulations, it can be concluded that the supply-chain coordination with the single contract in literatures for two-period selling depends on the demand distribution and the cost structure of a system, but the combined contract that was designed depends only on the cost structure of a system. It can further be concluded that the combined contract can ensure channel coordination and arbitrarily allocate coordination profit, and that the combined contract is generalized with several classical contracts as its special examples. Furthermore, the supplier will become the active initiator of the combined contract under the high-risk setting because the combined contract can strengthen his status in the channel system and improve his performance.

Study on the multi-attribute decision model of grey target based on interval numbers

There exists uncertain in almost problems of our practices and the uncertain hold back decision-maker cannot accurately define indices values when they evaluate the system. For this problem, present decision-maker often defines an interval number to denote this index value, but none has studied the interval number decision model in grey target decision. In this paper, the distance of the interval number, m dimension interval number and their characteristics are defined firstly, and the distance of interval number generalizes the distance of real number is proved, then, the method to normalize the interval number is developed. Based on the above, the multi-attribute decision model of grey target based on interval number is derived, which extends the grey target decision model from real number sequence to interval number sequence and riches the grey theories in grey target decision. Last, the validity and practicability are illustrated with an example.

The model of grey periodic incidence and their rehabilitation

Grey incidence model determines the closeness degree from the closeness and similarity of statistical sequences geometrical form. Traditional grey incidence model calculates statistical sequences correlation degree from the perspectives of its acreage, slope, changing velocity, etc. These incidence models have dual influences exerted by horizontal and vertical coordinates. Subsequently, inference of other factors occurs when we analyze the relationship between statistical sequences individual factors. To overcome this defect, the author puts forward the periodic correlation model based on slope and draws the conclusion that the model is in reference to the fluctuation period and direction of the wave, but is independent of its swing, and that it can show the positive-negative relevance. The results show that this model is an effective one in some examples.

Advances in grey systems theory and its applications

The scientific background that grey systems theory comes into being, the astonishing progress that grey systems theory has made in the world of learning and its wide employment in many scientific areas are presented in this paper. We compare grey systems theory with other kinds of uncertain information such as stochastic uncertainty, uncertainty, fuzzy uncertainty and rough uncertainty. Then the advances in grey systems theory and its applications are introduced by algorithms of grey numbers and grey algebraic systems, grey dynamic models and grey predictions, grey optimization analysis for decision-making, grey control models individually. We think that people engage in grey systems theoretical research should welcome and take all criticisms seriously. By doing so, existing problems and flaws can be overcome unceasingly, the new growing point be excavated unceasingly, exploring unceasingly, innovating unceasingly, make the grey systems theory grow upward unceasingly.

Study on new method of GAHP

On the basis of (GAHP), this paper has improved the method of how to judge related factors which are important in multi-objective planning, and we came to a solution about the difficulty of judging accurately the importance of relative factors which are caused by the unbalanced distribution of information.

A summary of The progress in grey system research

The progress in grey system research is summarized. The four theories of uncertain systems - probability statistics, fuzzy mathematics, grey system, and rough set theory - are compared. The general grey numbers, the grey sequence operators and several grey system models, which are most commonly used, are introduced, such as the absolute degree of grey incidence model, the grey cluster model based on endpoint triangular whitenization functions, the grey cluster model based on center-point triangular whitenization functions, the grey prediction model of the GM(1,1) model, and the weighted multi-attribute grey target decision model. The reader will get to know a general picture of grey systems theory as a new method for studying problems with partial information known and partial information unknown, especially for uncertain systems with few data and poor information.

Study on audit evidence gathering cost under online auditing environment

Continuous auditing is an active research domain in computer-assisted audit field, and online auditing studied in China is also one mode of continuous auditing, The audit evidence gathering mode changed under online auditing environment, which will influence the audit evidence gathering cost. In this paper, audit evidence gathering method under online audit environment is introduced. Then, the components of audit evidence gathering cost under online auditing environment are analyzed. In addition, how online auditing environment influence the audit evidence gathering cost is analyzed. Finally, the strategies to reduce the audit evidence gathering cost under online auditing environment is proposed. The research in this paper can give theory guidance on audit cost management under online auditing environment.

A gray input-output model based on the standard interval grey number

A gray input-output model based on the standard interval grey number, the condition of convergence of M steps grey matrix and the solution method were given, then produced the corresponding mathematics proof in this paper. The model and solution method obtained a good result in the solution process of the gray input-output model. Finally, the validity and feasibility of this model was confirmed when used in a input-output example that just has two-departments.

Study on the weight of evaluation index based on the rule of maximum entropy

Rationality of index weight designing is one of the most important factors which relate to whether the result for one of multi-object evaluation problem is correct or not. However, weights got from the major objective weight methods at present are all excessively highlighted separating capacity of the index, but neglect the importance and contribution for the evaluated object. Because of these above, this paper proposes the concept of standard object, and constructs a multi- goal program model based on the maximum entropy to design weights for indexes. During the construction process of this model, we put forwards one useful supposition and two definitions, construct an evaluation matrix and carry on equivalent processing to the matrix. This model not only concludes the separating capacity of the index, but also includes the importance and the contribution of it. So the evaluation result of this model is much more accurate. Finally, this model is applied to a real case, and the result demonstrates that the model is a good model for solving multi-object evaluation problems.

Explanation of terms of sequence operators and grey data mining

The purpose of this paper is to present the terms of sequence operators and grey data mining.,The definitions of basic terms about sequence operators and grey data mining are presented one by one.,The reader could know the basic explanation about the important terms about sequence operators and grey data mining from this paper.,Many of the colleagues thought that unified definitions of key terms would be beneficial for both the readers and the authors.,It is a fundamental work to standardize all the definitions of terms for a new discipline. It is also propitious to spread the universal principles of grey system theory.