Silvio Popadiuk

Innovation and knowledge creation: How are these concepts related?

Innovation and knowledge creation-these two concepts have a strong relationship but this relationship has not been examined systematically. This paper reviews the important theoretical work in both streams of research, highlighting the fundamental similarities and differences. Four major models of innovation are compared, and the distinction between radical and incremental innovation is examined. The nature of organizational knowledge and the process of knowledge creation are presented. We then compare the principal findings of the research on innovation and knowledge creation, and conclude with a new framework that differentiates types of innovation based on a knowledge creation perspective.

Scale for classifying organizations as explorers, exploiters or ambidextrous

Abstract This paper presents a scale developed to classify organizations through cluster analysis as being exploiters, explores, ambidextrous or with no defined orientation. The theoretical framework helps identify that the concepts associated with exploration and exploitation may be classified into six practical dimensions: organizational knowledge practices, innovative practices, competition, strategic orientation, organizational efficiency and partnerships. After stripping the data, the scale was underpinned by 45 attributes related to these dimensions. Convergent and divergent validity statistics are presented resulting from a questionnaire being applied to 249 respondents from companies located in Brazil.

Information culture and its influences in knowledge creation

We confirmed the existence of two dominant information culture profiles, as hypothesized by Choo (2013).The rule-following culture is represented by most of the teams studied. This result indicates that the information culture of the teams is influenced by the information culture of the organizations in which these teams are connected.Teams with a higher number of members - as well as multidisciplinary teams - were identified with a relationship-based culture.Results also showed plausible relationships between the risk-taking culture and externalization of knowledge; the rule-following culture and the combination of knowledge; result-oriented culture and internalization of knowledge; and the relationship-based culture and socialization of knowledge. This paper empirically analyzes the typology of information cultures (TICs) developed by Choo ((2013). International Journal of Information Management, 33, 775). The primary objective is to identify information behaviors and values that could describe the information culture in the context of project team work while knowledge creation occurs, resulting in technological innovation. The secondary aim is to find resulting relationships between the TICs and the modes of knowledge conversion. Twelve university project teams were selected to participate in the study. The teams are part of the Partnership for Technological Innovation Research Program (PITE) from the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Brazil. The qualitative technique of categorical content analysis was used. The data analysis is based on a set of five attributes: (i) the primary goal of information management; (ii) information values and norms; (iii) information behaviors in terms of information needs, (iv) information seeking, and (v) information use. The main results are twofold. First, we confirmed the existence of two dominant culture profiles, as hypothesized by Choo ((2013). International Journal of Information Management, 33, 775). Second, results also showed plausible relationships between the risk-taking culture and externalization of knowledge; the rule-following culture and the combination of knowledge; result-oriented culture and internalization of knowledge; and the relationship-based culture and socialization of knowledge.

Conversão do conhecimento é fonte de Vantagem Competitiva Sustentável? uma análise empírica sob a perspectiva da Resource-based View

The distinction between competitive advantage and competitive sustainable advantage (CSA) as presented by Wernerfelt (1984, 1995), Barney (1986a, 1986b, 1991, and Barney and Arikan (2001) indicates that CSA tends to resist duplication. The purpose of the present study is to analyze how the SECI model (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 2004) has been evaluated by managers as a CSA source using from a Resource-based View perspective (RBV). A structured questionnaire with closed questions was administered to 200 managers. The questionnaire allowed the analysis of the manager´s view about the indicators that qualify the SECI model as a CSA source according to a RBV perspective. In other words, while the literature supports the idea that the SECI model develops CSA, the present study identified that the managers have a divergent view. This suggests that practices differ from theory.

Ambiente informacional e desempenho competitivo na indústria de autopeças para veículos

The current competitive environment demands different postures from companies aiming at obtaining competitive advantage. In this scenery the information is the fundamental factor and, between its input and its output, should have an aggregation of value to it based on a set of processes related to decision making. From this point, this paper has been developed with the objective to study the informational environment and to verify connections with its competitive performance, according to Balanced Scorecard model. 50 automobile supply industries settled in Sao Paulo has been sampled and a structured questionnaire has been applied to them. The results has allowed to identify that, for companies where competitive performance were more favorable, the evaluation of the informational environment were quite different from the ones were competitive performance were considered less favorable.

Knowledge transfer, Learning and Organizational Capabilities in an inter-organizational software project.

The aim of this work is to describe how learning and knowledge transfer mechanisms based on knowledge articulation and codification contribute to the development of organizational capabilities in software. The study focuses on client-specific and process capabilities. Results were obtained through a case study involving two partner companies in an inter-organizational project to develop an integrated information management and technology system. Evidence revealed investment and organizational efforts focused on knowledge articulation practices and activities to develop client-specific capabilities, as well as knowledge codification practices and activities to develop process capabilities. We also identified three factors that influenced software professionals’ choice of the respective mechanisms (knowledge articulation and codification) namely: the sharing context, absorptive capacity and task complexity.

Avaliação de serviços educacionais no ensino superior: o ponto de vista de alunos regulares e vestibulandos portadores de deficiência

Society has become more aware of its intrincate human diversity. The segment of society formed by handicapped people is more conscious of its rights, and therefore has become more demanding and has taken part more actively in services that are offered. Educational services consist of an entrance way to a relevant performance in the labour market. The objective of this paper is to identify whether there are differences as to the attributes that handicapped people, applicants to graduation courses and graduation students use to evaluate the quality of the educational services offered by colleges and universities. Qualitative (Delphy) and quantitative methods were used. The results evidenced that the attributes referenced in the literature used to evaluate the quality of services need to be slightly modified when applied to handicapped people. Besides, the analysis revealed that the applicants evaluated the educational services in a different way compared to regular graduation students.

Integrando metodologias na análise de dados sob o paradigma interacionista simbólico: um caso prático

This article discusses the challenge in combining different methods of analysis, due to the diversity of data collected in the field, so that such a diversity of methods does not present epistemological conflicts. It is offered an account of a case study, whose object of research was the understanding of how the sharing of tacit knowledge occurs with signs as mediators, analyzed in the light of semiotics. This study details the different types of data collected, and explains how this diversity was treated by a combination of different methods, aligned with each other within the symbolic interpretationist paradigm. It is expected that this work contributes as a practical example to researchers with similar proposals.

Liderança: uma relação com base no gerenciamento de stakeholders, a partir da ótica dos liderados

Este artigo estuda os lideres diante dos interesses dos liderados, com a finalidade de compreender a importância em gerenciar as relacoes entre a organizacao e grupos que podem cooperar ou prejudicar o desempenho organizacional. Utilizou-se como recorte metodologico o enfoque dado a um grupo de stakeholders da organizacao: os empregados, na condicao de liderados. Neste contexto, buscou-se analisar o comportamento dos lideres que proporcionam condicoes aos liderados alcancarem os seus interesses. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa, com criacao de um instrumento especifico, aplicado a uma amostra de 198 gerentes ou supervisores de empresas de grande porte da regiao metropolitana de Sao Paulo. Os resultados identificaram os atributos e habilidades dos lideres, os comportamentos que afetam a confianca dos liderados e como os lideres atendem aos diferentes interesses dos liderados. Identificou-se que os lideres usam uma dinâmica composta por seis dominios para o exercicio da lideranca, obtidos a partir da analise fatorial: firmeza na defesa de ideias, opcoes de recompensas, novas experiencias e desafios, autonomia no trabalho baseada na confianca, referencia para os liderados e vida pessoal do funcionario.

INTERNAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN HEALTHCARE: STUDY WITH THE ELECTRONIC PATIENT RECORDS

Research on the adoption of technological innovations often evaluates the features that users realize when using these innovations (Perez, 2006; Perez & Zwicker, 2010; Leal & Albertin, 2015). In this research we identified internal factors affecting the adoption of a Technological Innovation defined by the Information Systems (IS) in healthcare - the Electronic Health Records and evaluate the results of adoption for individuals and groups using this system. We opted for the study in a hospital in Porto Alegre - Rio Grande do Sul, with maternal and child specialty. It was used quantitative techniques, applying questionnaires with users of the Electronic Health Records, as physicians, administrators, nurses and technicians. We used a multivariate statistical technique of structural equation modeling, through the use of statistical software SmartPLS®. The survey results indicated that some internal variables to the Health sector such as the Communication, a Participatory Process and the form of Decision for Innovation can contribute effectively in the adoption of technological innovations. The proposed model also served to evaluate the results achieved with the adoption of this information system, which is realized through: the introduction of new processes, improvement of the existing ones, easier access to patient information and creating new solutions for customers, which before the system was not possible to implement.