Siti Amanah

Kapasitas Pengolah Ubi Kayu “Enbal” dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Keberlanjutan Usaha di Maluku Tenggara

“Enbal” (Manihot esculenta Crantz ) merupakan salah satu jenis Ubi Kayu yang memiliki asam sianida (HCN) yang tinggi (>96 ppm). Saat ini masyarakat Maluku Tenggara telah mampu mengolah “ enbal” menjadi aneka produk yang dapat dipasarkan. Usaha pengolahan enbal akan berkembang lebih baik apabila pengolah enbal memiliki kapasitas yang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kapasitas pengolah enbal, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kapasitas pengolah enbal, dan menganalisis pengaruh kapasitas terhadap keberlanjutan usaha pengolahan enbal di Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kapasitas pengolah enbal masih terbatas dalam aspek strategi pasar dan akses modal usaha tetapi teknis pengolahan telah dilakukan dengan lebih baik. Tingkat kapasitas pengolah enbal dipengaruhi secara positif langsung oleh faktor internal dan eksternal. Karakteristik internal terdiri atas keaktifan dalam kelompok dan motivasi mengembangkan usaha sedangkan faktor eksternal yang dominan berpengaruh adalah dukungan pasar yang terdiri atas kesesuaian harga, ketersediaan informasi, permintaan produk, dan tempat penjualan kemudian diikuti oleh faktor ketersediaan fasilitas usaha berupa ketersediaan modal, dukungan kelompok sebagai wadah belajar dan fasilitasi usaha, dan dukungan penyuluhan yang terdiri atas kesesuaian materi, ketepatan metode dan kompetensi penyuluh. Kapasitas pengolah enbal berupa teknis pengolahan, strategi pasar dan akses modal usaha berpengaruh positif langsung terhadap keberlanjutan usaha pengolahan enbal.

KAPASITAS PETANI PADI SAWAH IRIGASI TEKNIS DALAM MENERAPKAN PRINSIP PERTANIAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DI SULAWESI TENGAH

Kapasitas petani mengelola padi sawah ramah lingkungan di sistem sawah irigasi teknis, menurut karakteristik personal dan peluang pengembangannya, meliputi: kemampuan secara teknis inovasi teknologi, kemampuan menyusun rencana usahatani, kemampuan mengevaluasi, kemampuan beradaptasi terhadap perubahan, dan kemampuan bermitra sinergis. Kemampuan ini, merupakan wujud kapasitas tinggi yang dimiliki petani. Penelitian bertujuan: menganalisis hubungan antara karakteristik petani dengan tingkat kapasitasnya mengelola sawah ramah lingkungan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara terhadap 174 petani. Analisis data dilakukan uji deskriptif, uji beda Mann Whitney dan uji Rank Spearman , menggunakan program Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) versi 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani Kabupaten Sigi dan Parigi Moutong berbeda baik karakteristik maupun kemampuan mengelola usahataninya. Terdapat perbedaan yang nyata pada pendidikan non formal dan luas lahan. Tingkat kapasitas petani dalam pengelolaan padi sawah yang ramah lingkungan pada kategori rendah. Rendahnya kapasitas petani dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan perencanaan usahatani dan kemampuan bermitra sinergis. Hubungan keseluruhan kapasitas petani terhadap kemampuannya menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berhubungan sangat nyata dan mempengaruhi kapasitas petani adalah pendidikan non formal dan luas lahan. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa mereka yang memiliki akses terhadap penyuluhan dan pelatihan usahatani ramah lingkungan secara nyata dapat meningkatkan kapasitas petani, dan petani yang memiliki lahan luas merasakan keuntungan menggelola sawah yang ramah lingkungan dibanding dengan lahan sempit.

PENGARUH FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN BUDAYA TERHADAP PERILAKU PERSALINAN DI PERDESAAN DAERAH ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU RENDAH DAN TINGGI

Background: Maternal complications are the risk of maternal death. Unsafe childbirth behavior is still a major challenge in Indonesia that is influenced by social, economic and cultural factors. Objective: The study aimed to identify socio-economic and cultural influences on the behavior of childbirth in rural areas with low and high maternal mortality Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas with low and high maternal mortality. The sample of the study were nursing mothers. The sample size of each research area is 120, bringing the total to 240 samples. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires and interview guidelines. Data analysis was done descriptively and analytically with multiple regression test. Results: In the low maternal mortality areas, almost all (99.2%) of the samples performed safe deliveries. Safe delivery was influenced by the equality of the mothers social status with her husband, social support for healthy behaviors, and high maternal social value for the family. In the high maternal mortality areas, the majority (66.6%) of the samples performed unsafe childbirth. Unsafe childbirth behavior was influenced by strong social support to unhealthy behavior and low husbands financial support. Conclusion: Safe childbirth behavior in low maternal mortality area was influenced by mothers social status, social support to healthy behavior, and mothers social value. Unsafe childbirth behavior in high maternal mortality areas was influenced by social support for unhealthy behaviors and financial support.

Pengaruh Pelatihan Non Teknis terhadap Kinerja Penyuluh Pertanian BP4K di Kabupaten Bungo Provinsi Jambi

To support performance of extension worker BP4K Bungo had conduct a non-technical training. This study aims to: analyze the suitability of the training to agricultural extension worker and analyze the performance of agricultural extension workers after participating in non-technical training. The research is carried out using 100 agricultural extension worker by census and analysis of data using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (multiple linear regresion). The results show that: 1) the frequency of training and motivation of the workers positively affect the performance of the extension workers; 2) Method of training and infrastructure affect the effectiveness of the training. The more innovative method used for training supported by better infrastructure will support better performance of the extension workers; 3) the appropriateness of the course materials and better learning plan will improve the training performance; 4) support from extension organization facilities will boost extension services, and may lead to the reward received by the workers due to the quality services provided.

Tingkat Difusi-Adopsi Inovasi Biogas di Kecamatan Lembang Kabupaten Bandung Barat

This study aims to analyse the household characteristics of dairy farmer, perception of biogas innovation, access of information, the meeting with extension workers and factors affecting biogas diffusion and adoption in Lembang Sub District. Lembang Sub District has a potential of 4 149 dairy farmer households as prospected biogas adopters. Suntenjaya and Cibodas villages were selected as the research sites. All of the population member (266 households) were the research respondents. Questionnaires consist of four independent variables include dairy farmers characteristic, perception of biogas, access of information, and the meeting with extension workers were used to collect primary data. Rank Spearman correlation test was used to analyse the data. Research results shows that motivation, complexity, compatibility, and observability has positive correlation with speed of adoption; and dairy farmers experiences, relative advantage, and and triability has positive correlation with diffusion; the access of information and meeting with extension workers do not correlate with biogas diffusion-adoption since the farmers has involved in the biogas program from an international foundation. Keywords: diffusion, adoption, biogas, perception, inovation

KEPUASAN KERJA KADER POSYANDU DI DESA CIHERANG, KECAMATAN DRAMAGA

Posyandu is one of the community participation approach in health sector that is managed by cadres, with the main problem arises is the declining number of visits of mothers of infants and toddlers.The aimed of this research were to analyze the level of job satisfaction of posyandu cadres, and to analyze the factors that influence job satisfaction.Research conducted in Ciherang village with 30 samples that was selected using random sampling. The result showed that most of cadre’s job satisfaction can be categorized high, despite the visit of mother and toddlers tended to decline. It means that the decline was more due to the factor of the target or the mothers themselves, not the factor of posyandu organizers. The higher the incentives received by the cadres and the more participation of cadres in training influenced significantly for the improving of cadre’s job satisfaction. In term of the strategies to increase the job satisfaction, in general, all the items associated with the work of posyandu cadres should be retained or categorized low priority, in other words there is no necessary to increase the job satisfaction posyandu cadres. Keywords : Posyandu, Job Satisfaction, Cadre

Tingkat Kompetensi Petani Agribisnis Sayuran Pada Lahan Sempit di Kota Banda Aceh dan Kabupaten Aceh Besar

Penelitian ini bertujuan: menganalisis tingkat kompetensi petani agribisnis sayuran pada lahan sempit, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kompetensi petani agribisnis sayuran pada lahan sempit, dan menganalisis strategi peningkatan kompetensi petani agribisnis sayuran pada lahan sempit. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap petani sayuran di Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh dan Kecamatan Darussalam Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan terhadap 77 responden dengan menggunakan teknik survei, wawancara dan pengamatan, pada bulan April 2015 Analisis deskriptif dan uji korelasi (correlation Pearson) digunakan untuk menganalis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kompetensi petani agribisnis sayuran pada lahan sempit di Banda Aceh dan Aceh Besar termasuk kategori sedang. Tingkat kompetensi petani yang termasuk kategori sedang ditunjukkan oleh tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan petani yang tergolong kategori sedang. Terdapat hubungan yang sangat nyata antara: ciri-ciri sosio-demografi berupa umur, tingkat pendidikan formal, lama pendidikan non formal, lama berusahatani sayuran, motivasi berusahatani, interaksi dan komunikasi petani dengan kompetensi petani agribisnis sayuran pada lahan sempit. Strategi efektif untuk meningkatkan kompetensi petani agribisnis sayuran berlahan sempit adalah: meningkatkan pendidikan non formal petani berupa pelatihan dan sekolah lapangan, meningkatkan interaksi dan komunikasi petani dengan penyuluh, dan penguatan kelompoktani. Kata kunci: petani lahan sempit, usahatani sayuran, karakteristik petani, kompetensi agribisnis

KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN MEKANISME KOPING RUMAH TANGGA PETANI PADI SAWAH LEBAK BERDASARKAN STATUS KEPEMILIKAN LAHAN

Fulfilling of household food security of lowland rice farmers require sufficient capacities to improve their productivity and income. Nowadays, lowland rice farmers are in difficult conditions and at risk to food security. This research aimed to analyze capacity, food security level, and copying mechanism of lowland rice farmer’s household based on land property right and to analyze the correlation between capacity and food security of lowland rice farmer’s household. This research utilized survey method on 200 lowland rice farmers household at Ogan Ilir and Ogan Komering Ilir District, South Sumatera. The data were analyzed by descriptive and Chi-square test. The results showed that the farmer’s capacities level was at middle category, the farmers’ household food security level was low, and coping mechanism of the farmers household was at high category. There was no significant correlation between capacity and food security of the lowland rice farmers household (p>0,05) also was found in this research.